Different Phosphate Application Amounts Affecting Yield and Seed Vigor of Spring Wheat

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050186

Abstract

Abstract: The paper aimed at studying the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on seed vitality, yield and yield components of wheat, and provide theoretical basis for reasonable application of phosphate fertilizer, produce high energy seed and improve wheat yield. Split plot experiments were designed with spring wheat varieties ‘Xinchun 26’(A1) and‘Xinchun 34’(A2) as the primary section and application amount of phosphoric fertilizer as the secondary section. Application amounts of phosphoric fertilizer were set into five levels which were 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg/hm2, represented by P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively. The results showed that the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer had extremely significant effect on dry matter content, grain yield, harvest index, grains per spike, thousand seed weight, germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling root length and seedling length (P <0.01), but had no significant effect on spike length and fertile spike number (P >0.05). There was extremely significant difference of grain yield between the two varieties (P <0.01), and there was significant difference of spike length (P <0.05). Seed vigor index had a significant correlation with grain yield, and had extremely significant correlations with the main spike length, fertile spike number, thousand seed weight and application amount of phosphorus fertilizer. Increasing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer within 0-135 kg/hm2 could increase the kernels per spike, thousand seed weight and grain yield, seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight, root length, seed vigor of spring wheat. However, excessive amount of P was not conducive to further improve wheat yield and yield components. When the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2, yield and seed vigor of the two varieties were significantly higher than that of other application amounts, thus, from an economic point, the optimal application amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2.

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