Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.4 Published:10 February 2017

  Drought Resistance of Spring Wheat Seeds with Different Weights at Different Altitudes in Qitai, Xinjiang 2017, 33 (4):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050160 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 737KB )   ( 452 ) The aim was to explore the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) pretreatment with different concentrations (5%, 15%, 25%) on the germination, seedling growth and drought resistance of spring wheat seeds at two altitudes.‘Xinchun 11’planted at two kinds of elevation (1523 m, 795 m) were taken as materials, the seeds were divided into large, medium and small seeds in accordance with the 1000 grain weight. The results were as the following: vigor index, leaf area and root length of seeds with different sizes at the two altitudes reduced significantly along with the PEG mass fraction, and the germination rate also decreased, but not significantly. The root length of the seeds under the treatment of 5% was higher than that of the control. At high altitude, the root length of different sized seeds under treatment of 5% and 15% significantly increased compared with that of the control, the roots under treatment of 5% and 15% were also longer than that of the control at low altitude, but there was no significant difference between 15% treatment and control. Root length significantly decreased in the treatment of 25% at low altitude. Vigor index and leaf area showed large grain>medium grain> small grain in different PEG treats at the two altitudes, and there were significant differences among different sized seeds. The root length was small grain >medium grain>large grain. The indexes at high altitude were significantly higher than those at low altitude under the same concentration and of the same sized seeds. The result suggested that different mass fraction of PEG stress inhibited seed germination of‘Xinchun 11’; low mass fraction stress promoted root growth. The large sized seeds had strong resistance to drought stress compared with other sized grain seeds. High altitude seeds had higher drought resistance.

  Different Phosphate Application Amounts Affecting Yield and Seed Vigor of Spring Wheat 2017, 33 (4):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050186 Abstract + ( 1416 )   PDF ( 751KB )   ( 373 ) The paper aimed at studying the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on seed vitality, yield and yield components of wheat, and provide theoretical basis for reasonable application of phosphate fertilizer, produce high energy seed and improve wheat yield. Split plot experiments were designed with spring wheat varieties ‘Xinchun 26’(A1) and‘Xinchun 34’(A2) as the primary section and application amount of phosphoric fertilizer as the secondary section. Application amounts of phosphoric fertilizer were set into five levels which were 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg/hm2, represented by P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively. The results showed that the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer had extremely significant effect on dry matter content, grain yield, harvest index, grains per spike, thousand seed weight, germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling root length and seedling length (P <0.01), but had no significant effect on spike length and fertile spike number (P >0.05). There was extremely significant difference of grain yield between the two varieties (P <0.01), and there was significant difference of spike length (P <0.05). Seed vigor index had a significant correlation with grain yield, and had extremely significant correlations with the main spike length, fertile spike number, thousand seed weight and application amount of phosphorus fertilizer. Increasing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer within 0-135 kg/hm2 could increase the kernels per spike, thousand seed weight and grain yield, seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight, root length, seed vigor of spring wheat. However, excessive amount of P was not conducive to further improve wheat yield and yield components. When the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2, yield and seed vigor of the two varieties were significantly higher than that of other application amounts, thus, from an economic point, the optimal application amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2.

  Transformation of Coated Urea in Salini-alkani Soil and Its Effect on Maize Yield 2017, 33 (4):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050071 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 607KB )   ( 433 ) The paper aims to explore the enhancement of nitrogen use efficiency and yield- increasing mechanism with applying coated urea only once. A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different coated urea and bare urea on maize yield and transformation of three types of coated urea in soil. The results showed that: compared with applying bare urea, the application of coated urea could inhibit the activity of urease in soil in the early maize growth period, the inhibition rate of treatment 3, 4, 5 was 27.06%, 28.36% and 39.50%, respectively; furthermore, the application of coated urea could slow down the release process of nitrogen fertilizer in soil to make sure enough nitrogen release in the later maize growth period; and after the heading stage, the content of soil alkaline hydrolyze nitrogen of treatment 3, 4, 5 was 40.33%, 66.64% and 53.89% higher than that of the control treatment (bare urea), meanwhile, the application of slow-release coated urea could also significantly improve the grain yield of maize; treatment 4 (2# coated urea) had the best yieldincreasing effect, under which the yield increased by 26.87% compared with that of the control treatment; the nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency increased by 13.13 kg grain/kg N, 6.76 kg grain/kg N and 10.33% , respectively, compared with those of the control treatment.

  Induction Effect and Application of Haploid Inducers from Different Genotypes in Maize 2017, 33 (4):  21-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050102 Abstract + ( 999 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 451 ) This study is aimed at improving the inducers of maize, and identifying their inducing ability, and then the inducers can be taken advantage of in the haploid breeding. Evaluate the haploid inducing ability of the hybrid ‘xundan509’ with two common inducers and five improved lines. The result showed that QYG1 has the highest inducing ratio, which is 3.36%; and ZYG1 on the opposite is 0.4%; at the same time, QYG1 and ZYG2 have enhanced inducing ability when improved. Seven inducers have different inducing ratio on different part (upper part, middle part, lower part) of ear. Haploid inducing occur more on the middle-ear, then on the lower-ear, lest on the upper-ear. QYG1 can be used as a new inducer, because it has a higher plant, a large quantity of tassel pollen powder as well as long period of pollen dispersal, and strong stress resistance. The research provides reference for germplasm improving by inducer breeding and haploid breeding technique

  Effect of Diquat on Dehydration and Seed Quality of Ripening Flax 2017, 33 (4):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040038 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 631KB )   ( 653 ) In order to facilitate machinery harvesting, flax cultivar‘Jinya12’was used to investigate the effect of diquat on dehydration and seed quality of flax. When 80% of bolls turned to be brown, flax plants were treated with diquat, and water content, germination rate, thousand-seed weight, fatty acids of flax seeds were measured. The results showed that, compared with the control (natural mature after water spray), plants and seeds under diquat treatment were remarkably dehydrated after 6 days, the water content of plant and seed were 14.2% and 4.2% respectively, which were significantly declined by 48.36% and 39.13% respectively compared with that of the control. Diquat could significantly increase the contents of oil and linolenic acid, and significantly reduce the contents of oleic acid and stearic acid, although it had no significant effect on germination rate and thousand- seed weight. Therefore, it is proposed to promote diquat in herbicide registration as a ripener on flax.

  Effects of Fertilizer Bolting Period and N Fertilizer Application Amount on Height and Yield of Blanket Seedling Transplanting Rapeseed 2017, 33 (4):  30-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040029 Abstract + ( 591 )   PDF ( 861KB )   ( 370 ) In order to study the effects of fertilizer bolting period and nitrogen fertilizer application amount on height and yield of blanket seedling transplanting rapeseed, the authors used the rapeseed cultivar‘Ningza 1818’and‘Suyou No.4’as materials, cultivated blanket shaped seedling in the standard hard rice seedling tray and transplanted the seedlings during 2012-2013. By setting different bolting fertilizer application periods and amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, the authors studied the effects of bolting fertilizer application period and of nitrogen application amount on blanket seedling transplanting rapeseed height and yield. Results showed that delayed bolting fertilizer application and increased amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase plant height, but the main stem height changed little, the increase was mainly in the axial length of the main sequence. Increased bolting fertilizer amount could increase grain yield, and the grain yield of high nitrogen treatment was 8.6% more than that of low nitrogen treatment; the total silique number and the number per pod increased by 13.44% and 8.65%, respectively, and the 1000 grain weight decreased by 4.59%. The appropriate delay of bolting fertilizer application increased the grain yield. Compared with fertilizer application at the bolting height of 0 and 30 cm, fertilizer application at the bolting height of 50 cm increased the yield by13.54% and 5.01%, the total silique number by 11.98% and 2.74%, and the number per pod by 9.76% and 6.66%, respectively, and decreased the 1000 grain weight by 2.5% and 0.89%.

  Pollination mode of spermatophyte in DaiYun Mountain Nature Reserve 2017, 33 (4):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050105 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 513KB )   ( 630 ) Taking the plant list of Daiyun Mountain National Nature as a research object, the pollination type of families for seed plants were counted based on APWeb and literatures. The main pollination type and their ancestral state of seed plants in Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve were studied. The results showed that: there were 144 families being zoophily-related, 87.27% of total families, entirely non-biological pollination mode accounted for 12.12% of all families. For the single pollination modes of seed plants, the families of zoophily-related mode (124 families) were the largest, following by anemophily mode (14 families) and hydrophily mode (4 families). As for the mixed pollination mode of seed plants, the families of zoophily and anemophily mixed mode were the largest. The results showed that the zoophily-related mode played an important role in the pollination of seed plants in Daiyun mountain nature reserve. Meanwhile, there were 9 primitive families in Daiyun mountain nature reserve, which zoophily-related mode with 8 families, and zoophily and anemophily mixed mode with 1 family, which indicated that zoophily-related mode occupied a main position in the evolution of primitive angiosperms, and might be ancestral state of pollination mode for extant angiosperms in Daiyun Mountain. The results could provide a theoretic basis for understanding the development and evolution of seed plants in Daiyun mountain nature reserve.

  Water Saving Effect of Root Irrigation in Minqin Sandy Area Ecological Protection Forest 2017, 33 (4):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050052 Abstract + ( 520 )   PDF ( 774KB )   ( 427 ) We researched the condition of soil moisture distribution and root irrigation efficiency under root irrigation, compared root irrigation and drip irrigation in three different types of desert area in Minqin. The results showed that: (1) ecological forest had the best water permeability, the second was desert plants, then was jujube test area; (2) with deepening of soil depth, cation and anion concentration was not in balance, when the depth was 0- 60 cm and 60- 120 cm, the soil was alkaline and acidity; (3) comparing the soil water infiltration rate of root irrigation and drip irrigation, the root irrigation was more favorable to improve the soil moisture content; (4) root irrigation had higher efficiency than drip irrigation. To sum up, the efficiency of root irrigation was higher than that of drip irrigation, so root irrigation could be applied to Minqin arid desert area. At the same time, the study provided a new approach for water saving irrigation in desert area.

  Establishment of Populus nigra× P. deltoides Regeneration System 张瑞芝,,,, and 2017, 33 (4):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060123 Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 1101KB )   ( 519 ) The Populus nigra × P. deltoides, the hybrid offspring of Aigeiros, is useful in the pathology of poplar against the infection of rust. The petiole, leaves and stem segments were cultured as explants to induce seeding. Optimal conditions of the regeneration system were determined for the primary culture, subculture, stem elongation culture and rooting culture. While the best primary culture medium (MS 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.05 mg/L NAA) was used, 86.7% of petioles transformed to seedlings. Further more, an adventitious bud induction rate of 96.7% was got when the subculture medium (MS 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.1 mg/L NAA) was adopted. A stem elongation rate of 91.7% was got when the stem culture medium (MS 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 0.05 mg/L NAA) was used. While the root media (1/2MS 0.25 mg/L NAA 20 g) was used, 85% of the seedlings were rooted. The survival rate of the regenerated seedlings was 91.5%. The Populus nigra × P. deltoides regeneration system can be rapidly propagated and used in gene inheritance and transformation. It also can provide material basis for the study of poplar susceptibility/resistance to the rust fungi.

  Seedling Growing Traits of Different Provenances of Toona ciliata in Wuhan 2017, 33 (4):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040028 Abstract + ( 695 )   PDF ( 476KB )   ( 399 ) To study the adaptability and growth characteristics of different provenances of Toona ciliate in different regions, and select the suitable provenance in Hubei Province, the analysis of seedling leaf traits and diameter and height growth from 6 different provenances of Toona ciliata in Wuhan was carried out. The results showed that concerning diameter growth, height growth or length and width of compound leaf, length and width of leaflet and number of leaflets, there were extremely significant differences among different provenances based on the results of ANOVA. The better provenances were selected based on the integrated data of diameter and height growth, which were Jiangxi Wuyishan provenance and Guanshan provenance, followed by Fujian Laizhou provenance. The correlation analysis of the tested traits indicated that the leaf size was positively correlated with diameter and height growth, and the diameter was also positively correlated with height and their correlation coefficient was more than 0.9. Meanwhile, geographical latitude was nonsignificantly and negatively correlated with all traits except for the number of leaflets, which was positively correlated with latitude. But longitude was significantly and positively correlated with all traits, with the exception of the number of leaflets.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Levels on Okra Growth and Pod Yield 李瑞美, and 郑开斌 2017, 33 (4):  59-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040037 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 595KB )   ( 404 ) A field test was carried out to study the proper proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in okra. Orthogonal experiment design with four levels and three factors was used to study the impact on the growth and the number of podding in okra during the spring and autumn by different fertilizer proportion of N, P, K fertilizer. It showed that: the plant height had significant differences among the all treatments during spring planting and fall planting. The largest plant height was 62.3, 125.0, 169.0 cm respectively in spring planting 30, 60, 90 d, and 36.14, 107.8, 118.9 cm respectively in autumn planting 30, 60, 90 d. The contribution rate of every experiment factor was determined by means of range analysis. It showed that phosphate was the main factor in spring-planting growth, and nitrogen was the main factor in autumn-planting. The best combination was N2P4K2 (N 0.155 kg/plot, P2O5 0.159 kg/plot, K2O 0.214 kg/plot) for spring-planting okra growth, and N4P4K3 (N 0.104 kg/plot, P2O5 0.159 kg/plot, K2O 0.178 kg/plot) was the best combination for autumn-planting. The most important factor of okra podding was phosphate fertilizer in spring-planting and autumn-planting, next was nitrogen. The best combination was N3P2K2 (N 0.130 kg/plot, P2O5 0.238 kg/plot, K2O 0.214 kg/plot) for okra podding. It showed increase in the amount of phosphate and potash, and lower nitrogen appropriate could improve okra podding.

  Variation of Phenotypic Traits of Artificial Population Consisted by Natural Pollinated Seedling Progenies for Malus micromaalu 2017, 33 (4):  66-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050027 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 1021KB )   ( 479 ) To study the separated variation of phenotypic traits on seedlings of Malus micromalus, and explore the earlier periods and methods of germplasms selection, 19 different phenotypic traits were invested, which were from 200 seedlings of Malus micromalus. The results of variation and correlation showed that there was evident separation on phenotypic traits of natural seedlings of Malus micromalus, the separation on traits of fruit was the maximum, followed by the traits of branch, and the traits of flower was the minimum. The correlation analysis indicated that there were certain correlations between different phenotypic traits, the phenotypic traits of branches, leaves and fruits were significantly or extremely and significantly correlated, meanwhile there were extremely significant correlations among the fruit length, diameter and fruit weight, the correlation coefficient was 0.960, 0.945 and 0.965, respectively, but the correlations of tree height and trunk diameter were not significant with other phenotypic traits.

  Advances in Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation of Pear 2017, 33 (4):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030218 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 1301 ) In order to summarize the research progress of pear tissue culture and genetic transformation, and lay the foundation for genetic improvement of pear in the future, this paper mainly analyzed the influence of medium types, the type and concentration of plant growth regulators on the process of tissue culture, such as shoot tips culture and leaves culture; discussed the reason of explants browning and countermeasures; summarized the foreign imported genes in genetic transformation of pear currently; analyzed the influence of genotype, antibiotics, and agrobacterium on the efficiency of pear genetic transformation; and finally summarized the identification method of transgenic pear plants. On the basis of previous studies, the current research mainly exist the following problems: (1) Restricted by genotype, the scope of pear tissue culture and genetic transformation research is still narrow; (2) The transformation frequency is not stable using agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method; (3) Genetic transformation of functional genes associated with quality and resistance is not deep enough. Therefore, it need to establish the highly efficient and stable regeneration and transformation system, and develop the more effective genetic transformation method, and accelerate the research of functional genes, thus expedite the genetic improvement of pear varieties in the future.

  Effects of irrigation methods on soil surface evaporation and fruit productionof pear 2017, 33 (4):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060035 Abstract + ( 611 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 404 ) In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on water use efficiency and pear fruit quality, the experiment was carried on a 5-year-old commercial pear orchard at Yongnian campus of Hebei University of engineering in 2013. Four different surface irrigation methods including furrow irrigation (FI), border irrigation (BI), border irrigation covered with grass (BCI), and no irrigation with grass covered (NCI) were applied. The soil moisture, soil evaporation and fruit quality were measured. The results showed that there were significantly differences in soil water content under the different irrigation methods. The soil water content under BCI and FI were significantly higher than that under BI and NCI. The accumulative amount of soil evaporation under NCI, BCI, FI, and BI was 77.92, 114.64, 163.1, 203.73 mm from March to August, respectively. The surface evaporation was notably reduced under BCI and FI treatments than that of BI. The water use efficiency under FI with a value of 1.99 kg/m3 was significantly higher than that under BI and BCI treatments which was 1.45, 1.06 kg/m3, respectively. Meanwhile, fruit weight and fruit quality including soluble solids content, total soluble sugar and vitamin C content was significantly improvement under FI. Overall, FI is an ideal surface irrigation method not only for the water saving but also for the fruit quality.

  Dynamic Changes of Main Mineral Elements Content in Fresh jujubes roots 2017, 33 (4):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050150 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 795KB )   ( 483 ) To study mineral elements content in Chinese jujube roots during the growth cycle to improve jujube cultivation management technology and provide a scientific basis for fertilization, the change way of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the root of‘Dabailingzao’,‘Daguazao’, ‘Lizao’,‘Pingguozao’,‘Jin’ai No.3’was studied. The results showed that the root system activity of all jujube varieties began in the early growth period, but was not energetic, the nutrients were mainly from tree storage, and the content of most mineral elements reduced at different levels. The change of mineral elements of root became complex in the medium growth period, the plant absorbed lots of mineral elements from soil for the growth of new organs. Most of the mineral elements increased at different levels with a trend towards stable in the later growth period on account of the nutrient storage for winter dormancy.

  Effect of Green Plant on Indoor Air Pollution Purification 2017, 33 (4):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040004 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 579KB )   ( 910 ) The effects of green plant on indoor air pollutants removal were reviewed in this study. The pathway and conversion mechanism, influencing factors, and physiological and molecular mechanism were also discussed. The different indoor ornamental plants showed different removal efficiencies of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde and BTEX (Benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene). And the same plant had selective characteristic for removal of different indoor pollutants. Plants could uptake the VOCs and undergo degradation, conversion or assimilation as carbon source. However, metabolism related enzymes had different responses to different treatments. Signal transductions and metabolic pathway should be further investigated. The removal efficiencies were significantly affected by plant species, air compounds properties, stomata and cuticle compositions, leaf area, light conditions and photosynthetic types. There was no obvious positive correlation between plant removal capability and resistance to pollutants. Further studies are needed on the fields such as screening more efficient pollutants eliminating plants, studying combined pollutions and bioremediation, improving experimental facilities, continuously testing clear processes, accelerating researches with metabolomics and biotechnology, thereby promoting environmental purification and beautification.

  Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the structure of xylem and expression of defense-related genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza 黄璐琦,陈 敏,肖文娟,杨光,李鹏英,华国栋 and 陈美兰 2017, 33 (4):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060071 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 988KB )   ( 642 ) To study the effects of GV, a arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, on the structure of xylem and expression of PAL and C4H, two lignin synthesis-related genes and expression of PR1 and WRKY the defense-related genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Detecting the effects of GV on the growth and xylem structure of S. miltiorrhiza after treatment of GV for 90 d by comparing the control and GV group, and the expression level of PAL, C4H and PR1, WRKY in different period of time using Real-time PCR. Infection rate of GV on S. miltiorrhiza root reached peak (90 %) in the 90th d; fresh weight of overground part and number of leaves were significantly higher in the GV group, naming 2.7 and 1.96 fold respectively of that of the control; integral optical density and area of xylem in root transection of GV group were significantly greater than that of control; expression level of PAL and C4H in the underground part significantly increased in the GV group, while markedly decreased in the overground part; expression of PR1 in underground part and WRKY in both over and underground part increased significantly before 75 d, and that of WRKY in underground part saw another notable increase in 130 d. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could promote growth, increase the area and density of xylem in the root of S. miltiorrhiza, and play a positive role in its pathogen resistance.

  Prediction and analysis of Land Use Based on CA-Markov Model in Ganzhou district 2017, 33 (4):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060073 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 520 ) Ganzhou District in Zhangye City was used as an example in this study, the data were land use/ land cover (LUCC) data of the Heihe river basin in 2000 and Zhangye City in 2007, the Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS remote sensing images in August, 2014 and Google Earth images. The authors used ArcGIS 10.1, ENVI 4.8 and IDRISI 17.00 as the computational platform to simulate and predict land use change in 2014 by CA-Markov model. By contrastive analysis between the predict result and the LUCC data of Ganzhou in 2014, the kappa coefficient was 87.87%, it showed that the prediction and the reality were well consistent. Finally, the land use classes of Ganzhou in 2021 was simulated and predicted. The predicted results showed that from 2000 to 2021 in Ganzhou, the area of cultivated land and construction land presented a rapid growth trend, the unused land area decreased rapidly; forestland and water area had a slowly increasing trend; grassland area changed a little. The reasons were mainly due to several aspects including policy, social economy, population and science technology. The prediction results of land use change of 2021 in Ganzhou could provide a decision basis for rational planning and management of land use and the formulation of economic development policy.

  Sensitivity and Vulnerability of Flu-cured Tobacco Production to Climate Change in Panxi 2017, 33 (4):  111-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040008 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 669KB )   ( 413 ) Based on the meteorological data and flu-cured tobacco production data from 15 counties in Panxi of Sichuan from 1981 to 2014, the sensitivity and vulnerability of yield for flu-cured tobacco to climatic factors and climate change were estimated by using the regression relationships between changes in yield and climatic variables which could provide important theoretical support for flu-cured tobacco production to address climate change. The results showed that: with a 1℃ warming in growing-season air temperature, 1℃ increase in diurnal temperature range, 100 mm decreased in precipitation, 100 MJ/m2 increased in radiation, yield of the flu-cured tobacco showed increased or decreased to these changes; the area with yield sensitivity was largest to the increase in radiation, which was 51.8% of the total sown area, the yield change was -47.26%~23.53%; the area with yield vulnerability was largest to the increase in minimum temperature, which was 32.0% of the total sown area, the yield change was -38.3%~-7.79%; responses of yield for flu-cured tobacco to climatic factors mainly occurred in transplanting, vigorous growth and maturing stages; the combined effects of the observed trends of the 6 climatic variables caused significant change in roughly 59.8% of the flu-cured tobacco areas, the yield change was 26.3%-36.1%, but with a roughly 28.9% showed yield vulnerability; response of yield for flu-cured tobacco to climate change mainly occurred in vigorous growth and maturing stages; there were big differences in the responses of yield for flu-cured tobacco to the various climatic factors in different countries and different growth stages. Therefore, we need to address the negative impacts of climate change according to local conditions, as well as seize favorable climatic resources during the key growing period, in order to ensure flu-cured tobacco production safety in Panxi.

  Extreme Precipitation in Northwest Yunnan in Recent 54 Years 2017, 33 (4):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030220 Abstract + ( 833 )   PDF ( 900KB )   ( 597 ) The paper aims to analyze the characteristics and regularities of the extreme precipitation for nearly 54 years in northwest Yunnan, and provide some references for the research and prevention of the extreme precipitation in the region. Based on daily precipitation data of 6 typical meteorological stations from 1960 to 2013 in northwest Yunnan, the thresholds of extreme precipitation were measured by the method of threshold detection, and the temporal and spatial distribution of change about the extreme precipitation were investigated by using climate diagnostic methods, such as linear trend, Morlet wavelet analysis, Mann-Kendall test and moving t-test. The results showed that: the annual extreme precipitation was 165.7-459.0 mm and had a trend of gradually increasing from north to southwest; the extreme precipitation of northwest Yunnan presented an increasing tendency which was not obvious; the annual extreme precipitation reached the maximum during the 1980’s to 1990’s; the extreme precipitation had a 6-7 years short periodic oscillation, a 11-12 years medium periodic oscillation and a 27-28 years long periodic oscillation; the annual extreme precipitations had 2 abrupt change points, the precipitation changed from more to less in 1966, then began to increase in 1976.

  Precipitation Variation Characteristics in Yushu in 1961-2015 2017, 33 (4):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040025 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 461 ) The paper aims to understand change characteristics and regularity of precipitation in the yushu area in recent 55 years, the climate change characteristics of decade , annual , seasonal and monthly precipitation in Yushu Area are analyzed based on the observed data of precipitation in the city in 1961-2015 years; the periods of annual, seasonal precipitation in Yushu Area are analyzed using the wavelet transform. The results showed that the precipitation decreased with a tendency of 4.641mm per ten years, the increased rainfall was about 25.5mm The summer precipitation showed a trend of decrease, spring, autumn, winter and the precipitation increased; The decreasing tendency is the most significant in July, followed by August, The increasing tendency is the most significant in May, followed by June. The year, spring, summer and winter precipitation had a main periodicity of 26 years, autumn precipitation had a main periodicity of 12 years.

  Spatio-Temporal Distribution of SO2 Concentration: In Baiyin Based on OMI Data 2017, 33 (4):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070061 Abstract + ( 794 )   PDF ( 735KB )   ( 528 ) The author studied the spatio- temporal distribution characteristics of SO2 concentration and estimated the total emission of SO2 in Baiyin by using OMI satellite remote sensing data from January 2011 to December 2013, with remote sensing image processing method and the geographic information system analysis technology. The results showed that: the distribution of SO2 values was extremely imbalanced, showing a discrete planar, the high value area mainly concentrated in central and southern parts of Baiyin and central and western regions of the Pingchuan; besides, SO2 concentration in winter was significantly higher than that in summer, and they presented a“U” distribution; the high value range was not obvious, but SO2 high concentration scope had a significant increase. The study showed that using the OMI level-2 trace data, the author could build a model to evaluate the raster data on ground environment, in order to provide theoretical basis and method for remote monitoring of atmospheric boundary layer SO2 in Baiyin.

  Application of CARAH Warning Model Against Potato Late Blight in Sichuan Spring Potato 2017, 33 (4):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060102 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 378 ) To clarify the applicability of CARAH warning model against potato late blight in Sichuan spring potato, CARAH warning model was used to monitor occurrence of potato late blight and provide control measures in different altitudes in Sichuan. The results showed that the higher the altitude, the lower infection degree of potato late blight. The major infection degree was mild when the altitude was more than 3500 meters above the sea level, while the major infection degrees were moderate and severe when the altitude was less than 3500 meters above the sea level. Concerning the primarily infected plants, different varieties had different infection cycles of potato late blight, and the same variety at different sites had different infection cycles too, which might be related to the difference ofPhytophthora infestans in different sites. Five fungicides showed good control effects on potato late blight under CARAH warning and had no significant difference.

  Residual dissipation dynamics of chlorpyrifos on Brassica chinensis grown under different cultivation patterns 2017, 33 (4):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090010 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 616KB )   ( 467 ) To apply chlorpyrifos scientifically and safely in vegetable facility cultivation, the residue dynamics of 48% chlorpyrifos EC on Brassica chinensis grown under greenhouse, network and open field conditions were compared by using the methods of laboratory test and field experiment according to Guideline for Pesticide Residue Testing. The samples were extracted ultrasonically with acetonitrile, cleaned up by florisil solid-phase extraction column and determined by gas chromatograph with electronic capture detector. The average recoveries of chlorpyrifos on Brassica chinensis were 84.6%-98.8% with relative standard deviations (n=3) ranging from 3.7% to7.6% in the spiked level of 0.01-0.5 mg/kg。The limit of detection and quantification was 0.005mg/kg and 0.01mg/kg, respectively. The field experiment results showed that when sprayed once at effective constituent concentration of 1152g/hm2, the original residues of chlorpyrifos on Brassica chinensis from different cultivation modes were relatively higher, and their residual dissipation accorded to the first order kinetic equation model with half life from 1.56 to 1.71d. Chlorpyrifos is classified as an easily degraded insecticide and the dissipation velocity was related to its cultivation pattern. The dissipation rate of chlorpyrifos on Brassica chinensis followed the order of open field＞network＞greenhouse. When sprayed with 576-1152g/hm2 one time or twice at 7 days intervals, the final residues of chlorpyrifos on Brassica chinensis under different cultivation patterns were all lower than the MRL of China (0.1mg/kg) at 14 days after last application. It is recommended that when applied on Brassica chinensis under greenhouse, network and open field conditions to control insects and mite pests, the pre-harvest interval of 48% chlorpyrifos EC should be set 14d and sprayed one time or twice at the dosage no more than 1152 g/hm2. The Brassica chinensis harvested at this time is safe to eat.

  Death causes from withering of Jasminum nudiflorum as three dimersionsal greening plant in Zhouzhu City 2017, 33 (4):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030199 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 582 ) STheSbranchesSbeingSdeadSappearingSonSgreeningSplantSJasminumSnudiflorumSofSbridgesSinSWangSJiaSPingS,ZhuzhouSwasSfoundSbySZhuzhouSMunicipalSBureauSofSLandscapeSandSForestry,SinSMayS2014.S In order to clarify the causes of death of the branches.TheScultivationSmanagementSwasSexcludedStoSbeStheSreasonSleadingStoSdeathSofSJasminumSnudiflorumSthroughSinvestigationSandScomparisonStests.SSWithStheStechniquesSofSisolationSofSpathogen,SKoch"sSpostulate,SisolationSofSmorphologicalScharacteristicsSofSbacterialSstrainSandSITSSsequenceSanalysis, itSwasSprovedSthatSJasminumSnudiflorumSinSWangSJiapingSdiedSofSColletotrichumSsp,whichSbecameStheSbaseSofScontrolSstrategies.

  Effect of circulation ventilation on the characteristics of air temperature and relative humidity during burley tobacco air-cured in Barn 2017, 33 (4):  153-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040022 Abstract + ( 560 )   PDF ( 974KB )   ( 363 ) To improve the air-cured technology of burley tobacco, through the fan installed in the circulation ventilation of burley barn, the authors used temperature and humidity recorder to measure the temperature and relative humidity timely. The difference of temperature and humidity in burley barn during air curing were analyzed, the effect of wind fan on temperature and humidity in burly barn was compared. The results showed that, the temperature and humidity in burly barn was mainly affected by the outside weather, but the barn could relieve the effect of outside weather. The change trends of temperature and relative humidity in barn were opposite, when temperature in barn was higher, the humidity was lower. The temperature in barn upper layer was higher than that in lower layer; the humidity in barn upper layer was lower than that in lower layer. The wind fan in barn could regulate the temperature and humidity, reduce the difference of humidity and temperature between the upper and lower layer. But the temperature and humidity in barn were influenced by the outside weather, the effect of only installing circulating fan to reduce relative humidity was limited.

  Effects of Harvest Maturity on Quality of Cured Tobacco Leaves 2017, 33 (4):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040002 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 463KB )   ( 360 ) The mature harvest standard of enriched flavour flue-cured tobacco was determined by the test and evaluation of tobacco leaf appearance characteristics and chemical components of tobacco leaves of variety ‘Yueyan 98’, to explore the influence of intensive flue-curing condition on tobacco leaf quality in different harvest maturity periods. Results showed that the best harvested period of upper, middle and lower tobacco leaves in Shaoguan tobacco planting area was the optimum ripeness stage. Through bulk curing, the propotion of orange tobacco leaves increased. The appearance characteristics included brightness of colour and lustre, strong chromaticity and abundant oil content. As to the chemical components of upper, middle and lower taobacco leaves, the sugar alkali ratio and alkali nitrogen ratio were well coordinated. The leaves had sufficient and high quality amora, which manifested the characteristics of enriched flavor flue-cured tobacco.