Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.3 Published:10 February 2017

  Effects of Degradable Mulching Film and Controlled-release Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Ratoon Rice 2017, 33 (3):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030146 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 603KB )   ( 581 ) The objective is to explore cleaner and more efficient rice film mulching cultivation technology. The plot experiment method was carried out to study the optimal combination of the degradable mulching film replacing conventional plastic film, one-time application of different dosages of controlled release fertilizer with“middle-season rice ratoon rice”. The results showed that the effect of degradation mulching film and ordinary non-degradable film on the yield of two-season rice was not significantly different. The yield of main crop under the treatment of 150 kg/hm2 N was the highest using controlled-release fertilizer by single basal application, while the total yield of the middle-season rice ratoon rice reached the maximum at 225 kg/hm2 N. Therefore, the new rice cultivation technology involving degradable mulching film, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and ratoon rice is a clean one which could achieve high-yield and high-efficiency.

  Genetic analysis of agronomic traits of Wheat Seedling Stage under drought conditions #$NL Yan Yan,Wang Chunhua,Mu Ping 2017, 33 (3):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030173 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 477KB )   ( 472 ) The paper aims to study the effect of water stress on some agronomic characters of wheat seedlings, and analyze the relationship between those characters and drought stress. The authors took hybrid F2:3 population as the material, which was formed by the hybridization of‘Qingmai 6’and‘Yannong 24’, the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to investigate the inheritance of these agronomic characters. Under water stress and drought stress, root length and root fresh weight fitted the inheritance model of one additive-dominant major gene, and the optimal genetic models of stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, ratio of root fresh weight to stem fresh weight and ratio of root dry weight to stem dry weight were different . Under drought stress, the major gene heritability of stem fresh weight was 37%, stem dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, ratio of root fresh weight to stem fresh weight and ratio of root dry weight to stem dry weight were controlled by the major gene, the major gene heritability of these characters was 51%, 81%, 74%, 56%, 50% and 68%, respectively. Although main genes were detected for stem fresh weight, stem dry weight and root dry weight, the genetic models were greatly influenced by environment and the genetic law of these characters should be further studied.

  Effects of Artificial Aging on Seed Vigor and Ultraweak Luminescence of Wheat seeds 2017, 33 (3):  15-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060106 Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 495 ) In order to ascertain the effect of artificial aging on ultraweak luminescence and the correlation between UWL and seed vigor, and explore a new way of seed vigor non-destructive testing, seeds of wheat variety ‘Jimai 22’ were used to study the changes of UWL intensity and its relationship to seed vigor and ATP content during artificial aging. The results show that with the extension of artificial aging time, the germination percentage, germination potential, germination index, UWL intensity and ATP content decreased gradually; after artificial aging for 48h, they were reduced by 19.19%、34.34%、38.78%、27.77% and 13.84% respectively as compared with the control. Correlation analysis indicated that the UWL intensity is significantly and positively correlated with germination percentage, germination potential, germination index and ATP content. It was concluded that UWL as a detection method of fast, nondestructive and sensitive can be applied in the study of seed vigor non-destructive testing.

  Correlation Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Dryland Wheat Lines in Regional Trial in Southern Shanxi Province 刘新月,裴磊,刘莉 and 卫云宗 2017, 33 (3):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040112 Abstract + ( 997 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 398 ) In order to understand the development trend of dryland wheat breeding in southern Shanxi Province, agronomic characters of 121 wheat lines in dryland regional trial in southern Shanxi from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed by comparison analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis methods. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of unit area yield was the highest, 29.74%. The variation coefficient of three factors of yield showed effective spikes numbers > grains per spike >1000-grain weight. The correlation analysis showed that the yield was xtremely and significantly positive correlated with the, effective spike number（0.869**）, plant height（0.878**）, grains per spike（0.775**）, effective tiller rate（0.735*）, 1000-grain weight（0.593**）, spike length（0.519**） and the number of higtest total tiller（0.371**）, and was significantly positive correlated with basic seedling（0.191*）, and was significantly negatinely correlated with growth period（-0.291**）. Path analysis showed that effective spikes numbers, grains per spike ,1000- grain weight, plant height, effective tiller rate and growth period had a greater direct contribution to the unit area yield. That is effective spikes numbers（0.591）＞grains per spike（0.373）＞1000- grain weight（0.266）＞plant height（0.093）＞effective tiller rate（｜-0.069｜）＞growth period（0.059）.There were 97.65% variation of unit area yield was decided by there main factors. According to the analysis results and ecological conditions in southern Shanxi Province, the dryland wheat varieties with agronomic traits of middle plant height, middle effective spikes numbers, and stable improvement of 1000- grain weight should be the reakthrough point in dryland wheat breeding process of southern Shanxi.

  Preliminary report on the new varieties of sweet corn in Fujian province 2017, 33 (3):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050133 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 592 ) The research was implemented to select the high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant varieties of sweet corn and provide a scientific basis for selecting new varieties of sweet corn according to local conditions, in order to adjust the agricultural structure and promote the development of the corn industry of Fujian Province. Based on the 11 newly approved varieties, like ‘Rong tian 2’, ‘Huang tian 168’ and ‘Yue tian 16’, a comparison experiment was carried out in Fujian Province. The yield, adaptability, stress resistance, agronomic traits, economic traits and species observation records of those testing varieties were analyzed. The main results are as follows. Comparing with the control, the yield of four species ‘Rong tian 2’, ‘Huang tian 168’, ‘Rong tian 1’ and ‘Huangjin tian 1’, respectively, significantly increased by 24.3%, 18.8%, 15.7% and 12.3%. With grain quality, good taste and slight disease of rust and leaf blight, the four species are suitable for popularization and application in Fujian Province; Other six varieties, like ‘Shi zhen’, ’‘Jin gui 3’, ‘Yue tian 22’ and ‘Min tian 4’, are not suitable for promoting the cultivation in Fujian Province due to low yield or susceptibility to disease.

  Dormancy and Breaking Methods of‘DF33’ 2017, 33 (3):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040128 Abstract + ( 632 )   PDF ( 642KB )   ( 528 ) Seed dormancy play a key role in seedling emergence, seed storage and commodity quality of Arachis hypogaea. Thus, exploring suitable methods to break seed dormancy is important both for understanding seed dormancy and agricultural practice. With high oleic acid peanut strains'' DF33 for material, in the incubator of 25 ℃, germination test once per day, 7 d statistics germination rate, until the dormancy completely lifted. and this study determined the dynamics of seed dormancy during storage, water uptake and dormancy breaking methods of A. hypogaea strain“DF33”. The results showed that，seed dormancy can last for about 60 days，and release gradually as storage time extended. The relationship between water uptake and time can be described well with Logistic function. All dormancy breaking methods broke seed dormancy to some extent, and 50 mg/Lethephonor continual drying at 40℃was the most effective method to break seed dormancy as well as favoring radicle elongation.

  Development Situation and Research Progress of Multiple Cropping in China 2017, 33 (3):  35-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030188 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 695KB )   ( 782 ) Multiple cropping is one of important farming system in China, which plays an important role in improving the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land in China and ensuring national food security. In order to maintain the national food security, to adapt and understand the spirit of the central document,in this paper, on the basis of overview of the multiple cropping, the author introduces development status of multiple cropping in detail, which includes the improvement of sequential cropping index, diversification of regional cropping patterns, high-efficiency of input-output and technological mechanical operations, etc., and summarizes the research progress of multiple cropping, which mainly reflects in response of multi cropping cultivation to climate change, water use efficiency, utilization of research methods and high-efficient cultivation technique, etc. In short, the development of multiple cropping is the necessary way to realize the sustainable development of agriculture in China and even the world.

  A Review on Photosynthetic Physiological Research and High Photosynthetic Efficiency Breeding of Brassica napus 2017, 33 (3):  44-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030084 Abstract + ( 544 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 539 ) The aims were to promote the research of rapeseed high photosynthetic efficiency breeding, and break through the stagnant situation of rapeseed production level for more than 30 years by using“high photosynthetic efficiency heterosis utilization”. In this paper, the work progress of photosynthetic physiology and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of soybean, wheat, rice and other crops were summarized. Combined with our research for more than 10 years in rapeseed photosynthetic hysiological and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding, and taking the genetic law of crop photosynthetic traits, the related physiological indexes influencing efficiency of hotosynthesis, and the pathway of improving the efficiency of photosynthetic as the breakthrough points, the authors proposed to conduct relative basic research on rape photosynthetic physiology, ways for screening germplasm resources with high photosynthetic efficiency, and thoughts and methods for breeding new variety with high photosynthetic efficiency.

  Response of Organic Substance to Salt Stress in Different Eruca sativa Mill. Ecotypes 2017, 33 (3):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030179 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 419 ) In order to study the effect of organic osmolyte in salt stress, salt-tolerant and non-tolerant ecotypes of Eruca sativa Mill. were used as materials, the content of soluble protein, proline, soluble sugar in leaves were measured. The results showed that osmotic potential and soluble protein content had no significant difference between the two ecotypes, and conforming variation trend was not found between leaf osmotic potential and organic osmolyte. Under different salt stresses, the salt-tolerant plants had higher proline content than that of non-tolerant plants, and soluble sugar and free amino acid of high concentration were found in salttolerant plants under high salt stress. The content of soluble protein increased slowly in salt-tolerant plants with the increase of salt concentration, and the content of soluble protein decreased when the salt concentration ＞200 mmol/L. The results indicated that proline, soluble sugar and free amino acid played important roles in the responses to salt stress, and could be the standard to select salt-tolerant Eruca sativa.

  Effect of Bacterial Manure on Korla Fragrant Pear Valsa Mali and Soil Nutrients 2017, 33 (3):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060161 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 425KB )   ( 643 ) In order to explore new methods for valsa mali control and soil improvement, effects of bacterial manure on Korla fragrant pear valsa mali and soil nutrients were studied. Field investigation, sampling and lab analysis were used to survey the incidence of valsa mali, measure the contents of mineral nutrients in soil and compare and analyze them with that of CK. The results showed that the incidence of valsa mali reduced more than 78.8% compared with CK after the application of Guangheyuan bacterial manure; the contents of N, P, K increased by 5.7, 61.8 and 40 g/kg, and B, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents increased by 1.24, 0.94, 6.64, 3.22 and 0.16 mg/kg, respectively, in 0-20 cm soil layer, while the contents of N, P, K increased by 50.6, 28.3 and 26 g/kg, and B, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents increased by 0.32, 0.45, 8.63 and 0.76 mg/kg, respectively, in 20-40 cm soil layer. The application of Guangheyuan bacterial manure could effectively decrease the incidence of fragrant pear valsa mali and significantly improve the contents of organic matter and mineral nutrient elements in different soil layers.

  Dust Retaining Capability of Korla Fragrant Pear Leaves in Different Planting Areas 阿斯古丽.克热木,巴特尔.巴克,, and 帕提古力.买买提 2017, 33 (3):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030161 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 907KB )   ( 421 ) In order to research the leaf dust retaining capability of different planting areas, the authors took Korla fragrant pear as the study subject, and analyzed the characteristics of dust particle of leaf surface by using scanning electron microscopy and measured dust retaining capability by weigh method. The results showed that the order of natural descended particle of three townships in Korla was Puhui [(4.693 ± 0.555) mg/cm2] ＞ Shanghu [(1.866±0.281) mg/cm2]＞ Harayulghon [(1.580±0.186) mg/cm2], and the order of dust retaining capability was Harayulghon (4.555 mg/cm2)＞ Shanghu (3.422 mg/cm2)＞ Puhui (3.369 mg/cm2). The relation between natural dust- fall amount and leaf dust retaining amount showed that the monthly dust retaining amount of leaf was more than monthly natural dust-fall amount, indicating that the leaf of Korla fragrant pear could easily absorb dust and sand.

  Progress on Characteristics of Seed Dormancy of wild herbaceous flowers 2017, 33 (3):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030197 Abstract + ( 715 )   PDF ( 592KB )   ( 564 ) In order to provide scientific basis for seed propagation techniques of wild herbaceous flowers, the internal and environmental factors of wild herbaceous flowers’seed germination were summarized. The internal causes included after-ripening, the mechanical obstruction from seed coat, germination inhibitor and so on. Environmental factors mainly included the effects of temperature, light and water. The paper introduced main methods to promote seed germination of wild herbaceous flowers, which included mechanical treatment for seed coat, acid, seed soaking with water, stratification, gibberellins or combined treatments of the above factors. Besides treatment with acid, other methods probably were regarded as the more practicable ways to promote seed germination for commercial production.

  Inorganic Elements in Tuber of Chinese Herbal Medicine Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou Province 2017, 33 (3):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030140 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 815KB )   ( 437 ) By analyzing the content of inorganic elements in radix pseudostellariae from Guizhou, we aim to assess the present quality of radix pseudostellariae, set a limited standard of heavy metals, establish an element finger-print, and find out the characteristic elements. The content of inorganic elements was measured and an element finger-print was drawn by the ICP-MS. Additionally, WM/T2-2004 was applied to evaluating the quality of heavy metal elements, and the characteristic elements were determined by principal component analysis. The results showed that the content of inorganic elements in radix pseudostellariae was between 0.057 and 959 mg/kg, the coefficient of variation was 0.134 -1.478, and the content of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg was below the Standard of WM/T2-2004 in 90% radix pseudostellariae. The limited standard of heavy metals in radix pseudostellariae was Cr≤6.5 mg/kg, Cu≤10 mg/kg, As≤2.0 mg /kg, Cd≤0.3 mg/kg, Hg≤0.15 mg/kg, Pb≤4.0 mg/kg. The features of the inorganic elements finger- print could provide theoretical basis in identifying the quality of radix pseudostellariae and distinguish the radix pseudostellariae from other Chinese herbal medicines. The characteristic inorganic elements of radix pseudostellariae were found to be Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Al. Radix pseudostellariae from Guizhou contained abundant inorganic elements, the content of heavy metals was below the evaluation criterion, the limited standard of heavy metals was proposed, the element finger-print was drawn, and the characteristic elements were determined eventually.

  Effects of Film Mulching Cultivation on Soil Temperature and Yield of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) 2017, 33 (3):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030064 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 844KB )   ( 348 ) An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dryland film mulching cultivation on the variation of soil temperature and yield of Angelica sinensis. Angelica sinensis was planted under film mulching and in open field with single factor randomized block design. Each treatment was repeated with three times. The variation of soil temperature and yield of Angelica sinensis of different observation times, different-layer outdoor temperature (CK), temperature on plastic film (A), temperature of plastic film side (B), and soil temperature between plastic films (C) were measured. The results showed that the temperatures of different detection locations and different layers varied along with the temperature variation. The temperature on plastic film was higher than that of open field. The monthly variation of soil temperature in different layers was A＞ B＞C＞CK. The temperature of plastic film, plastic film side, between the plastic film and open field decreased with the increase of soil depth. The highest temperature appeared on plastic film, and the decreasing speed of its layer temperature was the fastest. The yield of Angelica sinensis increased by film mulching cultivation, and the yield was 2975.80 kg/hm2, which was 16.53% higher than that of open field. Film mulching cultivation had a significant effect on soil temperature, soil temperature between the plastic film was suitable for increasing the yield of Angelica sinensis.

  Effect of Seawater Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Red-spotted Stonecrops 2017, 33 (3):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030103 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 678KB )   ( 499 ) This study aims to explore the salt and alkali resistance of different red-spotted stonecrops’seed and seedling, and provide theoretical basis for the application of landscape vegetation in saline area. Nine different concentrations of salt water and the distilled water (control) were set up to process the seeds of Sedum aizoon and Sedum spectabile Boreau, various seed germination parameters and seedling growth were observed. The results showed that seed germination parameters, root number and root length of seedling significantly declined with the increase of salt water solution concentration for both the two red-spotted stonecrops. At the same time, germination rate and uniformity significantly reduced. However, in low concentration salt stress (0.2%-0.4%), part of the germination parameters, seedling root number and root length were higher than those of the control, showing a certain catalytic role. The seeds of Sedum aizoon almost lost germination ability when salt water concentration was higher than 1.4%, while the germination rate was 20% when the concentration was 1.8% for Sedum spectabile Boreau. Through regression analysis, the salt tolerance threshold and limit value of Sedum aizoon seed were 0.92% and 1.76% respectively, 1.47% and 1.97% for Sedum spectabile Boreau. Both Sedum aizoon and Sedum spectabile Boreau seeds had strong ability to resist salt stress, by contrast, Sedum spectabile Boreau seed has much stronger resistance ability to salt stress.

  Mixed Planting of Eucalyptus grandis× E. urophylla and Castanopsis fissa in Eastern Guangxi 2017, 33 (3):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030159 Abstract + ( 606 )   PDF ( 507KB )   ( 432 ) The mixed planting of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla and Castanopsis fissa was studied for exploring new ecological and economic model. The results showed that: (1) E. grandis× E. urophylla grew faster than C. fissa, and the mixed stand of E. grandis × E. urophylla and C. fissa grew faster than the pure forest; (2) the soil physical and chemical properties of the mixed planting was obviously better than that of the pure forest with the same density, the physical properties of the high density mixed stand was better than that of the pure forest, the chemical properties of the mixed planting was similar to that of the pure forest; (3) the mixed ratio of 1:1 and the density of 2500 plants/hm2 was adaptive, if the density was reduced, more E. grandis× E. urophylla should be planted than C. fissa

  Research Process of Hybrid Pennisetum as Energy Crop 2017, 33 (3):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030216 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 641KB )   ( 626 ) Hybrid pennisetum (Pennisetum americahum × P. Purpureum) is an interspecific hybrid between Pennisetum americahum and Pennisetum Purpureum, which is C4 perennial tall grass and widely used as material in papermaking and feedstuff, it is also one of the energy crops with prospect in China. The authors focused on the production of non- grain biomass material and biomass transformation and availability, elaborated the research process of hybrid pennisetum on the aspects of biological characteristics, hereditary characteristics, breeding, yield, quality characteristics and biomass transformation and availability, ecological adaptive capacity, ecological benefits, cultivation and management technology, and the prospect of hybrid pennisetum used as energy crop was also proposed. Although hybrid pennisetum had disadvantages such as high demand on soil and could not overwintering in northern area, it had significant yield advantage over other energy plants, it had wide prospect on marginal land and polluted soil with better conditions.

  Tourism Climate Comfort Evaluation of the Yellow River Valley in Qinghai 2017, 33 (3):  105-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050001 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 596KB )   ( 410 ) The paper aims to evaluate tourism climate resource value of Guide in the Yellow River valley of Qinghai and guide a healthy and sustained development of tourism industry. Meteorological data of 55 years (1961 to 2015) of Guide were used to analyze the tourism climate comfort, including temperature humidity index, cold index and dressing index. The results showed that: the most comfortable period for tourism in Guide was from June to August, followed by May and September, then were April and October, and the uncomfortable period was from November to March next year. During the tourism period, the comfort level was July＞ August＞June＞September＞May; and these months all showed an upward trend of comfort; the comfortable days of tourism showed a significant increase trend, which was 1.7 d/10 a; the average comfort period was 142 days per year which accounted for 38.9% of the whole year.

  Balance Study on Integrated Land Section Price of Land Expropriation: A Case of Zhoukou City 2017, 33 (3):  110-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040127 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 551KB )   ( 469 ) Land section price of land expropriation is an important basis for the government’s land acquisition, and its regional balance is essential to maintain social stability. In order to solve the problem of unbalanced expropriation land section price, the authors took Zhoukou as an example, through the establishment of a comprehensive calculation index system, and spatial interpolation was conducted by ArcGIS, the existing problems of land section price were studied. By using the correlation between the highest level land price and comprehensive quality points, the authors established the corresponding correlation equation, and finally obtained the balanced land section price. The results showed that land section price was the result of many factors, the regional balance was affected by a wide range of factors, like distances, economy, the surrounding land price and so on. The area which was near the central towns was most susceptible to the influence of central towns, and the comprehensive quality score had relatively less influence, the traffic convenience was a key factor to integrated land section price.

  Climate Change in Linhe and Its Impacts on Spring Wheat Yield Sun Xiangwei,Gao Feixiang,Wang Wenxin and Yang Song 2017, 33 (3):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010132 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 637KB )   ( 420 ) The paper aims to explore the climate change in Linhe and its impacts on spring wheat yield, and to provide a scientific basis for the scientific cultivation of spring wheat. The authors used the data of spring wheat yield and climate data from 1975 to 2009, to analyze the climate change in Linhe and the impacts on spring wheat yield. The results showed that: the average annual temperature had a fluctuant increasing trend, the change rate was 0.70℃/10 a, the abrupt change year of temperature was 1993, the accumulative temperature above 0℃ increased by 188.4(℃·d)/10 a; the average annual precipitation was 150.6 mm; the sunshine hours had a fluctuant decreasing trend, the change rate was -38.4 h/10 a; the climate yield of spring wheat presented a “M” curve, it was relatively low before 1993, the lowest year was 1987; the climate yield was relatively high in 1996-2000; after 2000, the climate yield had a gradually decreasing trend.

  Effects of a Wind and Sand Weather Process on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cotton in Cele Oasis 2017, 33 (3):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030107 Abstract + ( 539 )   PDF ( 863KB )   ( 436 ) In order to evaluate the influence mechanism of a wind and sand weather process on photosynthetic characteristics of cotton and its harm process in Xinjiang oasis, a field experiment was carried out on the variety of‘Xinluzhong 21’in the national field scientific observation station for desert and grassland ecosystem, three treatments were conducted including guaze covering (guaze), natural condition (CK) and washing without guaze (washing), the effect of sand amount on unit area cotton leaf on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate was analyzed after a wind and sand weather process. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of different treatments decreased significantly after wind and sand weather, and reached the minimum at the 18th day after injury, then kept at a stable level, the three treatments showed the same variation trend, but the net photosynthetic rate of per leaf showed the order of guaze ＞washing ＞CK, the net photosynthetic rate was significantly and positively correlated with stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and significantly and negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration; the sand amount on leaves decreased with the increase of time, and the change rate was high in the earlier stage and then reached a stable level, but the change of different components was different.

  Evolution of Microphysical Characteristic Parameters of Stratiform Mixed Clouds in Summer and Artificial Precipitation Enhancement 2017, 33 (3):  126-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030185 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 2799KB )   ( 483 ) The paper aims to make better use of microphysical characteristic parameters inversed by FY-2C/D satellite data in weather modification operation, the characteristics of cloud system evolution, artificial precipitation enhancement and cloud seeding effect were analyzed by using the data of radar, satellite, airborne cloud physical detection platform at mixed convective stratiform cloud precipitation process in August 17-19, 2010, in Shanxi. The results showed that: the cloud maintain time was 35 hours, the clouds continued thickening, the cloud particle effective radius (Re) was stable and had little change, the precipitation was less, the natural precipitation of cloud system was weaker, with good potential for precipitation enhancement during the day and into the night of August 17. In the daytime, the cloud top temperature was -10℃, the cloud droplet effective radius was less than 12 μm, the clouds were dense, the cloud water content was abundant, and the large particles and ice content were fewer. In night, under the high cloud seeding effect, there was heavy precipitation; sustained and stable low stratiform clouds were better for precipitation enhancement operation. Comprehensive analysis showed that the satellite criterion which was suitable for artificial precipitation enhancement of laminated hybrid cloud precipitation in summer was: cloud thickness greater than 2 km, cloud top temperature of -10- -20℃, and genting cloud effective particle radius less than 15 μm.

  Evaporation: Variation Characteristics and Influence Factors in Quzhou for Nearly 41 Years 2017, 33 (3):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050029 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 997KB )   ( 413 ) This paper analyzed the variation characteristics and the impact factors of evaporation in Quzhou, based on the monthly meteorological elements at 5 meteorological stations during 1973 to 2013, and various methods were used for analysis, including linear trend trendency estimation, correlation analysis, Mann-Kendall nonparametric test, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: the annual and seasonal evaporation were shown significant ascending trend in the east and middle Quzhou, especially in the recent decade; the annual, summer and winter evaporation were shown significant declining trend in the west Quzhou; the declining rate for annual evaporation in west region was smaller than the ascending rate in east and middle region; the seasonal evaporation was the highest in summer and lowest in winter; the monthly evaporation was shown a single peak variation, and peak value was in July; the mutation for the annual and seasonal evaporation occurred in the east and middle Quzhou, while the mutation for the annual, spring, summer and winter evaporation occurred in the west region; the annual amount of evaporation had a negative relationship with the relative humidity, vapour pressure and the precipitation, while it had a positive relationship with the mean maximum air temperature, diurnal air temperature range. The main factor accounted for the ascending of the evaporation in the east and middle Quzhou, was the reduction of relative humidity and the vapour pressure, the ascent of the mean air temperature and the increase of diurnal air temperature range.

  Disaster Trend of Crops Affected by Extreme Climatic Events in Xinjiang During 1978-2014 2017, 33 (3):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050036 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 997KB )   ( 448 ) The paper aims to reduce the cost brought from the extreme climatic events. Based on the disaster theory and with the help of the trend analysis of mathematical statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression etc, so as to analyze the influences which the Xinjiang crops suffered disaster and damage because of the extreme climatic events such as drought, flood, hailstorm, chilling damage etc during 1978-2014. Meanwhile, using the relevant data obtained from the Xinjiang crops production inputs-outputs and expanded Cobb-Douglas production function (C-D) for establishing non-linear model to reveal the influences of different input elements on crop output. The results indicated that: (1) the drought, flood, hailstorm, chilling damage etc extreme climatic events caused the Xinjiang crops suffered disaster, no matter was damaged area or disaster area, and showed the rising trend with different range in the past 37 years; (2) the direct economic loss of Xinjiang crops was 9.3772 billion RMB due to the all kinds of meteorological disaster, among in which the drought loss accounted for 29.7% of the total meteorological disaster, and the freezing accounted for 14.64%, others accounted for 28.4%; (3) the factors which affected the crops output unit area in Xinjiang, the disaster rate was the highest factor affected crops output, the crops output in unit area would reduce 3.37% when the disaster rate increased 1%.

  Control Efficiency of Ozonized Sunflower Oil (Oleozon) on Root-knot Nematode of Muskmelon 2017, 33 (3):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030121 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 668KB )   ( 382 ) Abstract：Ozonized sunflower oil (Oleozon) is an oxidizing agent with excellent stability. In order to evaluate its application prospect on root-knot nematodes, investigations on the use of series of Oleozon were conducted. In vitro studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of Oleozon on mortality of second-stage juveniles and egg hatching against root-knot nematode. Additionally, the control efficiency of Oleozon with different ratios on muskmelon root-knot nematode was tested via pot experiments. The results indicated that Oleozon was effective against the nematode in regards to mortality of second-stage juveniles and egg hatching inhibition and better than ozonized water and phoxim. Compared with ozonized water, the mortality rate of juvenile was higher in Oleozon at 0.5 g/L. When the dosage of Oleozon above 2 g/L, the control efficacy in juvenile mortality was even more significantly than 1000 times liquid of 50% phoxim. Besides, the reduction for the egg mass population of nematodes was dosage dependent. As is evident from the data, the egg hatching in ootheca was reduced more than 60% when the concentration of Oleozon above 5 g/L, while the values of phoxim was only 28.9%. Different concentrations of Oleozon caused 51.1～96.8% suppression in egg hatching of dissociative nematode, with 33.1% and 57.4% in controls. Oleozon at 5 and 10 g/L showed highest efficiency to nematodes in in vivo pot experiments with 79.2% and 88.7% than controls, which were 18.9% and 50.9%, respectively. Furthermore, Oleozon prominently decreased the quantities, second-stage juveniles and eggs of root-knots compared with the control treatments. Results suggest that application of Oleozon gave better growth on muskmelons.Thus, Oleozon showed good bio-control potential against root-knot nematodes in muskmelon protection.

  Morphological Diversities of Bluegrass Germplasm Resources and Their Principal Component Analysis 2017, 33 (3):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100060 Abstract + ( 567 )   PDF ( 503KB )   ( 445 ) The objective of this research is to explore the genetic diversity of bluegrass germplasm resources by morphological indexes, and provide basis for variety improvement and parent choice. 14 morphological indexes of 34 bluegrass accessions from different geographical origins were studied. The morphological diversities were analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were extensive variations in morphological characteristics in different bluegrass accessions. The most significant variance was node numbers of main stem, followed by the number of flowers per head and leaf length, while the growth days of turn green-mature stage had the minimum variance, 1.86%. Principal component analysis showed that leaf length, leaf width, height of plant and height of fertile tillers were the main factors which produced morphological variation of 34 wild bluegrass accessions. Based on the 14 morphological indexes, cluster analysis showed that all 34 accessions of bluegrass were divided into 3 groups, the first group and the third group had obvious differences.

  Design of Automatic Irrigation Control System Based on PLC 林营志 and 李传辉 2017, 33 (3):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100113 Abstract + ( 1011 )   PDF ( 1558KB )   ( 756 ) To accelerate IT application and digitization in agricultural production, save water resource, reduce energy consumption, improve the quality and efficiency of irrigation, and promote control and management level, the authors used LEVI102A touch screen as human- machine interface, Delta DVP60ES2 PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as control core to build an automatic irrigation control system. The system could not only control the opening or closing of the pump motor and solenoid valve according to the water content in soil and soil water content set by the user and stop irrigating on rainy days automatically, but also irrigate automatically according to the time set by the user. The system realized the automatic monitoring function of irrigation, saved manpower and water, improved the quality and efficiency of irrigation, had the advantages of low cost, stable and convenient operation, simple maintenance and friendly human-machine interface and had broad application prospects and practical value.