Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.2 Published:09 February 2017

  Effects of Sowing Dates and Planting Densities on Yield and Yield Components of New Winter Wheat Cultivar ‘Heng6632’ Qiao Wenchen,Zhao Minghui,Li Huimin,Sun Shuluan,Meng Xianghai,Wei Jianwei,Li Ding,Li Qiang,Zhao Fengwu,Pavol Hauptvogel,Edita Gregova and Daniela Benedikova 2017, 33 (2):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020085 Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 444 ) To clarify high yield and high efficiency cultivation measures of new winter wheat cultivar ‘Heng6632’, and provide a theoretical basis for large-scale application of the cultivar, the authors studied the effects of sowing dates and planting densities on yield and its components. The test was conducted with split-plot design, including 5 sowing dates and 6 planting densities, and was carried out in Dry-farming and Water-saving Experiment Station located at Hujiachi Town Shenzhou City of Hebei Province during 2014-2015. The results showed that: (1) the effect of sowing dates was significant on the number of spike per unit area, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield except kernels per spike, the effect of planting densities was significant on both grain yield and its components; (2) the yield first increased and then decreased with the delay of the sowing date and the increase of the planting density; the number of spike per unit area decreased with the delay of the sowing date and increased with the increase of planting density in a certain range; the kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight increased with the delay of the sowing date; the kernels per spike decreased with the increase of planting density when the planting density was above 3000 thousands/hm2, the 1000-kernel weight decreased with the increase of planting density. Analysis showed that under 1 irrigation in spring, the suitable sowing date of ‘Heng6632’ was October 7th -19th, the best sowing date was October 10th-15th, and its suitable planting density was 2250 thousands-3000 thousands/hm2.

  Effect of Potassium on Yield, K Uptake and Utilization of Different Late Rice Varieties 2017, 33 (2):  7-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020079 Abstract + ( 758 )   PDF ( 923KB )   ( 392 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the yield, K uptake and utilization of different late rice varieties under no fertilizer, no potassium fertilizer and high potassium level in order to provide a scientific basis for reasonable potassium application of different late rice varieties in double-cropping paddy area. Fourteen late rice varieties were used as test subjects. The biomasses of different growth stages, the yields of rice and straw were determined. The potassium contents of rice and straw were mensurated and analyzed. The amounts of potassium absorbed by rice plant were calculated. The results showed that grain yields of 14 late varieties for the no fertilizer treatment, non-applying K treatment and applying K treatment were 5053.3 ~ 6813.3 kg/hm2, 6000.0 ~ 8226.7 kg/hm2 and 6240.0 ~ 8106.7 kg/hm2 respectively. The increasing yields of fertilizer application and potassium application were 253.3~ 2040.0 kg/hm2 and -653.3 ~ 546.7 kg/hm2 for each variety of late rice respectively. The amount of potassium absorbed by 14 late rice varieties for the non-applying K treatment and applying K treatment were 91.7~189.8 kg/hm2 and 104.1~170.1 kg/hm2 respectively. The higher potassium contribution rates of ‘Fengyuanyou 272’, ‘Shenyou 9586’ and ‘Weiyou 227’ were 7.01%, 6.69% and 6.96% respectively; the lower potassium contribution rates of ‘Fengyuanyou 299’ was -9.85%. Among the 14 late rice varieties for tested, ‘Fengyuanyou 272’, ‘Shenyou 9586’ and ‘Weiyou 227’ were the potassium-sensitive varieties, which the applying K treatments can make to play greater yields potential; ‘Fengyuanyou 299’ was the potassium deficiency resistant variety, which the applying K treatment can make little yield potential, potash fertilizer can be reduced during rice planting.

  Combined Fertilization of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer: The Effect on Double Cropping Rice and Soil Properties Under Equivalent Nutrient Rates 2017, 33 (2):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020112 Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 630KB )   ( 383 ) A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of substituting basal chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers (NPK BF) on rice yield and its components, SPAD value, N uptake and soil properties relative to chemical fertilizer application (NPK) under equivalent nutrient rates in soils developed from quaternary red clay in a double rice cropping system. Results showed that compared with NPK, NPK BF tended to reduce the early rice yield, but did not significantly affect the late rice yield. NPK BF tended to reduce the number of panicles and increase the percentage of filled grains in both the early and late rice. NPK BF reduced the SPAD value at the mid-tillering stage and the total N accumulation at maturity in both years, particularly for the early rice in 2014. NPK BF significantly reduced the N recovery efficiency except the late rice in 2013. NPK BF did not significantly affect the soil pH and the concentration of soil total N, while tending to increase the concentration of soil organic carbon and available nitrogen and significantly enhancing the concentration of the available phosphorous after the 2-year experiment. The present results indicated that partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers had no significant effects on rice yield and soil properties in the short term in the double rice cropping system, but the long-term effect needs further research.

  Effect of Different Irrigation Times and Nitrogen Fertilization onAgronomic Characters and Yield of Winter Wheat 2017, 33 (2):  21-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030051 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 719KB )   ( 508 ) Abstract:[Objective] [Method]In order to provide a more economical and efficient application technology of water and nitrogen for winter wheat, the effects of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation time on the agronomic characters, economic coefficient, yield, and yield components were studied. [Method] Through the two factor split plot experiment, the Main plot set 3 levels, which are pre-sowing water, pre-sowing water jointing water, pre-sowing water jointing water grain filling water. Sub plot set 5 levels, which are 0 kg/hm2,120 kg/hm2,240 kg/hm2,300 kg/hm2,360 kg/hm2, three repetitions were adopted in the test, and the analysis method variance analysis, variance analysis and gray correlation were used in the test. [Result]Irrigation times and nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the agronomic traits, economic coefficient and yield of wheat during grain filling stage. The nitrogen fertilizer levels had significant effect on leaf area index, grain number per spike and yield, the irrigation times had significant effect on dry matter accumulation, leaf area coefficient, 1000 grain weight and spike number, and the nitrogen requirement of leaf area coefficient, grain number and yield was higher than the number of per plant, dry matter accumulation, economic coefficient, and the number of spike per plant; The jointing stage is the key period of winter wheat responses to water and nitrogen coordination, the yield will greatly increased, if there have adequate water and nitrogen. And the grain filling water will increase the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, reducing nitrogen application rate, yield was significantly improved. [Conclusion]When irrigation pre-sowing water jointing water grain filling water, and the nitrogen fertilizer level was 277.14 kg/hm2, the water and fertilizer can get efficient coordination, the yield of ‘Yujiao 5’will reach 8305.86 kg/hm2. Owing to insufficient rainfall at the late stage of winter wheat in eastern of Henan, the irrigation is the key measure to increase the yield of wheat, If the soil moisture is adequate, the nitrogen use efficiency will be increased, this can save the production cost of winter wheat, and can reduce or avoid the environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen application.

  Effects of Different Culture Modes and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation at Post-anthesis and Grain Yield of Adzuki Bean 2017, 33 (2):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090107 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 717KB )   ( 358 ) To clarify the effects of culture modes and population density on dry matter accumulation and yield in adzuki bean, two culture modes of flat culture and 65 cm ridge culture, five population density treatments of 9×104, 13×104, 17×104, 21×104 and 25×104 plants/hm2, were used in this study. Dry weight of different organs after flowering and yield components of post-harvest in adzuki bean were determined. The results showed that pod and grain amount of adzuki bean significantly decreased with the increase of population density, and the decrease of yield per plant resulted in no significant yield change with the increase of population density in flat culture. However, dry weight peak of nutrient organs in adzuki bean appeared later in ridge culture, and nutritive organs keep higher dry matter accumulation in seed-filling period, pod and grain amount increased by 3.8%-53.8% and 13.6%-101.5% respectively. Therefore, yield per plant and per unit area of ridge culture increased by 17.3%-127.2% and 36.8%-80.0%, compared with those of flat culture of the same density. In conclusion, the treatment of 17×104 plants/hm2 is fit for yield formation in ridge culture, however, planting density should be less than 21×104 plants/hm2 in flat culture.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Comprehensive Population Lines Derived From Yellow River Basin Cotton Varieties 刘小斌,张亚玲 and 2017, 33 (2):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040160 Abstract + ( 622 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 306 ) In order to broaden the genetic variation and improve the resistance toVerticillium wilt of cotton varieties in Yangtze River Basin, a comprehensive population was built by 19 cotton varieties from Yellow River Basin through mixed hybridization, 37 elite lines were derived through breeding selection at Yangtze River Basin and 14 traits were investigated by two years’field experiment. The results showed that the derived lines had the greatest variation in the resistance toVerticillium wilt , and then was in yield traits, the lowest variation was found in fiber quality traits. Clustering analysis was performed by SSR markers, the 37 derived lines showed large genetic variation and could be dispersed in different cluster groups, which showed a clear distinction from the cotton varieties from the Yangtze River Basin. The factor analysis was performed on the investigated traits of the derived lines, the first 7 common factors contributed to the total variance up to 83.08%, fiber quality factor, plant type factor, yield factor and disease index factor had the contribution rate of 28.45%, 15.50%, 12.07% and 8.87%, respectively.

  Nutritional Components of 6 Shrubs at Flowering Stage in Sandy Area of Yulin 2017, 33 (2):  41-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030036 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 471KB )   ( 384 ) The paper aims to analyze the contents of CP, DM, NDF, ASH, Ca and P of 6 shrubs (Caragana korshinskii Kom., Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Hedysarum leave Maxim., Hedysarum scoparium Fisch. et Mey.,Astragalus adsurgens Pall., Salix cheilophila Schneid.) at the flowering stage in sandy area of Yulin, and took Medicago sativa as the control to determine the nutritional components. The results showed that: the contents of CP, ASH and Ca of 1-year-old C.korshinskii were 15.02%, 7.07% and 3.08%, which were higher than that of the other shrubs (P <0.05); the contents of CP, Ca and P of A. adsurgens were 15.23%, 2.07% and 0.211%, which were higher than that of the other shrubs (P <0.05); the contents of CP of H.leave and 1-year-old S. cheilophila were 11.89% and 11.40%, which were lower than that of A. adsurgens, 1-year-old C.korshinskii and A. fruticosa (P <0.05), but the contents of Ca of H.leave and 1-year-old S.cheilophila were 1.85% and 2.02%, which were higher than that of H.scoparium, C.korshinskii (perennial) and 2-year-old S.cheilophila (P < 0.05); the nutritional components of C.korshinskii (perennial), 2-year-old S.cheilophila and H.scoparium, were lower than that of the other shrubs (P <0.05).

  Preliminary Study on Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivar‘Yunyan 105’in Fujian 2017, 33 (2):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030016 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 843 ) In order to study the adaptability of‘Yunyan 105’in Fujian,‘Yunyan 105’was planted in multipoint experiment from 2013 to 2014. The results showed that the growth duration of‘Yunyan105’in field was about 118 days. The average height of‘Yunyan 105’was about 100 cm with 17-18 harvestable leaves. The major indexes of economic characters of‘Yunyan105’were better than those of‘K326’, and performance of‘Yunyan 105’was stable in the two years’experiment. The main chemical composition of‘Yunyan105’ was harmonious. The morbidity of‘Yunyan 105’was similar to that of‘K326’on leaf spot disease, but was slightly higher on root disease.‘Yunyan 105’had obvious fragrance style and its sensory quality was good. It is suitable for planting in Fujian.

  Antioxidant Capacity of Capsicum annuum Cultivars in Wenshan to the Drought Stress Simulated by PEG-6000 Based on Subordinate Function 2017, 33 (2):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040102 Abstract + ( 841 )   PDF ( 752KB )   ( 419 ) In order to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the main Capsicum annuum cultivars cultivated in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province under drought stresses and its relationship with the purpling degrees of the cultivars, the specific activities of antioxidases and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves of the five main C. annuum cultivars including ‘ZSZ75-1’, ‘ZSZ49-1-1’, ‘12WS-18-1’, ‘12ZH01’ and ‘ZS130’ cultivated in Wenshan were studied by using spectrophotometry under the drought stress simulated by PEG-6000, and the comprehensive antioxidant capacity of the leaves was evaluated by using subordinate function. The results showed that under the drought stress simulated by PEG-6000, the content of soluble protein in the leaves of the five cultivars was ‘ZSZ75-1’＞‘12ZH01’＞‘ZSZ49-1-1’＞‘12WS-18-1’＞‘ZS130’, the specific activity of catalase (CAT) was ‘ZSZ75-1’＞‘ZSZ49-1-1’＞‘ZS130’＞‘12WS-18-1’＞‘12ZH01’, the specific activity of peroxidase (POD) was ‘ZSZ75-1’＞‘ZS130’＞‘ZSZ49-1-1’＞‘12WS-18-1’＞‘12ZH01’, the specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was ‘12WS-18-1’＞‘ZS130’＞‘12ZH01’＞‘ZSZ49-1-1’＞‘ZSZ75-1’, and the content of MDA was ‘ZSZ75-1’＞‘12WS-18-1’＞‘12ZH01’＞‘ZS130’＞‘ZSZ49-1-1’. However, the differences of the contents of the soluble protein and MDA and the specific activities of CAT and SOD of the five cultivar leaves were not significant, whereas the difference of POD specific activity was siginificant. The comprehensive antioxidant ability of the five cultivars was ‘ZS130’＞‘ZSZ49-1-1’＞‘ZSZ75-1’＞‘12WS-18-1’＞‘12ZH01’. Thus, the anthocyanin accumulation in the specific organs of the main C. annuum cultivars in Wenshan does not contribute to the strengthening of the leaf antioxidant capacity under drought stress. This study could provide a reference for the drought resistance evaluation, the exploration of the relationship between the anthocyanin accumulation and drought resistance, and the selection of the new drought resistant cultivars of C. annuum in Wenshan.

  Wax Apple: Cold Injury Index in Fruiting Stage in Qionghai 2017, 33 (2):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050015 Abstract + ( 513 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 399 ) Through disaster survey of anti-season wax apple under low temperature condition, the authors drew determining meteorological factors of cold injury occurred in fruit stage of wax apple, statistical analysis of the lowest temperature data (1961-2016) in Qionghai were done to explore the regulation of cold injury in the different periods. The results showed that: the daily minimum temperature ≤10℃ could cause significant effect to fruit stage of wax apple, leaves and fruits appearred a large number of loss, the fruit quality reduced; cold injury mainly appeared in late December to mid-February, average annual happened days were 4.7. Thus, wax apple planting in anti-season may occur cold injury in fruit stage every year in Qionghai, so arrangement in fruit mature period before the mid-December would reduce the risk of cold damage probability in fruit stage. The study results for high-yield cultivation of anti-season wax apple and disaster prevention and reduction can provide certain reference value.

  Aseptic Seeding Propagation of Interspecific Hybrid Between Cymbidium hybridum and C. sinense 2017, 33 (2):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030009 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 493 ) Aseptic seeding and the establishment of regeneration system play an important role in crossbreeding of orchid, obtaining a certain number of hybrid progeny population, and providing basic materials for the breeding of new varieties. An aseptic seeding propagation for interspecific hybrid between Cymbidium hybridum‘Ken Ni’and C. sinense‘Pacific Ocean’was established. Different minimal medium, hormone and additives were designed to study the effects on the germination, rhizome proliferation and differentiation and seedling root. The results showed that 1/2MS 6-BA 1.5 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L AC 1.0 g/L was the suitable medium for the hybrid seed germination, 1/2MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L was the ideal medium for the rhizome proliferation and differentiation, the differentiation rate was 88.6% after culturing for 70 days. MS 6- BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 2.0 mg/L banana 90 g/L AC 2.0 g/L was the right medium for inducing the root growth. Test- tube train seedling 30- 40 days in closed bottle and opening lid after 3- 5 days in greenhouse, fermentation bark and blinding were best media for temporary planting of tissue culture seedling. About 60 days, the seedling survival rate was 98.62%.

  Exploitation Priority of Wild Ornamental Plant Resources in Kunshan Ecological Forest Park 魏亮亮 and 张丽娜 2017, 33 (2):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060062 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 560KB )   ( 377 ) In order to further enrich the urban landscape plant varieties and actively use the local wild ornamental plant resources in KunShan, 60 species of the wild ornamental plants in Kunshan Ecological Forest Park were selected as the research object. An exploitation priority evaluation model consisting of ornamental coefficient, endangered coefficient, breeding coefficient, resistance coefficient, volume coefficient and habitat suitability coefficient was constructed. The exploitation priority of the 60 species of wild ornamental plants was determined by assigning different weights for the above 6 coefficients. The evaluation results showed that 15 species including Lagopsis supina, Leonurus artemisia, etc. were classified into the first level and was the best for popularization and application. 6 species including Portulaca oleracea, Dendranthema indicum, etc. were classified into the second level, and should also be applied in park and garden construction. The other 39 species which belonged to the third and fourth level did not have great value for popularization and application. The comprehensive evaluation provides a reference for landscape exploitation and application of wild ornamental plants in Kunshan.

  Arable Land Damage Identification Index System 2017, 33 (2):  73-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060006 Abstract + ( 616 )   PDF ( 629KB )   ( 701 ) Arable land damage includes the following five categories: arable land surface hardening, arable land surface collapse, arable land dig loss, arable land pressure and arable land pollution. By summarizing the arable land damage types, the principle and index selection of damage identification system was put forward in this paper, such as comprehensive principle, classification guiding principle, operational principle and combined principle of arable land damage degree and recovery complexity, then the evaluation indexes of arable land damage degree were obtained, the evaluation index system of arable land damage was established by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), finally, the countermeasures to arable land damage was put forward, such as laws and regulations improvement, classified management, arable land reclamation, scientific farming, strengthen arable land protection, prevention and control mechanism innovation. The paper had guiding significances for arable land damage identification, reclamation plan establishment and reclamation measures.

  Effect of Multifunction Soil Conditioner on Tobacco Growth in Acid Soil 张玉树 2017, 33 (2):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070036 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 877KB )   ( 368 ) In order to investigate the effect of multifunction soil conditioners on tobacco growth, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of multifunction soil conditioners (T1 and T2) on flue-cured tobacco agronomic traits, yield, output value, the rates of disease incidence of tobacco and fertilizer use efficiency, local recommended method (CT1) and traditional lime conditioner (CT2) were used as CK. The results showed that compared with CT1, T1 and T2 treatment could improve tobacco agronomic traits and tobacco growth; the yield of tobacco significantly increased by 12.31% and 6.51% compared with that of CT1, and the proportion of first-class tobacco increased by 4.38% and 3.81% (P ＜0.01), respectively; the economic benefit increased by 1778.58 and 2129.67 yuan/hm2. Additionally, T1 and T2 treatment significantly enhanced fertilizer use efficiency, decreased the rate of disease incidence and disease index. The effects of T1 and T2 on tobacco were not significantly different from that of CT2, but the content of calcium in the former was significantly lower than that of the latter. Those evidences illustrated that multifunction soil conditioner could promote tobacco growth, increase tobacco yield, quality, economic benefit and fertilizer use efficiency, which could be applied in tobacco production in the future.

  Relationship Between AM Fungi Infection Situation of Different Grassland Types and Soil Physichemical Properties in Xiejiagou 2017, 33 (2):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040166 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 630KB )   ( 461 ) To study the effect of soil physical and chemical properties of different grassland types on the infection characteristics of AM fungi in Xiejiagou, through the investigation and sampling, the relationship between AM fungi infection situation and soil factors of 4 types of grassland (mountain meadow, meadow steppe, steppe and steppe desert) was studied. The results showed that the typical plants in the four grassland types could be infected by AM fungi, the average infection rate of mountain meadow, meadow steppe, grassland and steppe desert were 79.90%, 89.04%, 85.93% and 68.66%, respectively, meadow steppe was the grassland type with the best infection situation. The content of rhizosphere soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus was positively correlated with AM fungi infection situation, salt content and pH were negatively correlated with AM fungal infection situation, but the infection rate and intensity reached the highest when salt content was around 2.1 g/kg. Under natural condition, soil factors were closely related to the infection and development of mycorrhizal, the level of soil nutrient restricted the infection of AM fungi, and organic matter and salinity were key influencing factors.

  Relationship Quantitative Analysis of Vegetation Biomass and Edaphic Factors in Mongolian Plateau 张韵婕,,, and 吴春生 2017, 33 (2):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040039 Abstract + ( 544 )   PDF ( 852KB )   ( 375 ) Vegetation is related to soil closely in terrestrial ecosystem, the study of the relationship between them has important ecological significance. Mongolian plateau was used as an example, samples were collected, vegetation biomass and soil factor data were measured, soil and vegetation condition were quantitatively analyzed, and the relationship between vegetable biomass and soil factors was studied by the correspondence analysis method to find out the key soil factor that affected vegetation biomass. The results showed that (1) soil organic matter of Mongolian plateau was high in total with a polarized distribution, the content of available phosphorus and potassium was high while the total nitrogen content was low, the soil was mainly neutral and alkaline, and the area of alkaline soil was slightly bigger than that of neutral soil, the soil texture was mainly loam; (2) the vegetation biomass distributed in balance, and the vegetation biomass of grassland was higher than that of bare land; (3) the vegetation biomass was mainly affected by soil organic matter and total nitrogen content, vegetation biomass showed a positive correlation with them.

  Fertilizer Efficiency and Optimum Application Rate of NPK for‘Liangyou616’as Post-vegetable Rice 2017, 33 (2):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050077 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 555KB )   ( 381 ) We carried out a research on NPK fertilizer response of the super high- yield rice variety ‘Liangyou616’grown in vegetable field with‘3414’the optimum regression design. The results indicated that balanced fertilization could effectively improve the agronomic characters of‘Liangyou616’in high soil fertility, and increase efficient panicle, grain per panicle and 1000-grain weight. The average yield-increasing effect of N, P and K applications was 13.1%, 2.9% and 13.4%, respectively, the yield-increase effect of N and K was higher than that of P. The uptake of N and P nutrients was mainly stored in rice, which was 63.8% and 73.6% of total uptake of N and P respectively, while 89.0% of potassium was stored in the straw. The utilization ratio of N, P and K fertilization in season was 34.7% , 24.7% and 30.2% , respectively. The economic application rates were N 71 kg/hm2, P2O5 34 kg/hm2 and K2O 101 kg/hm2, the optimum ratio of the three elements was 1:0.48:1.42 under the test condition. The results provided a scientific basis for adequate fertilization on‘Liangyou616’as post-vegetable rice.

  Sunshine Hours Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Qaidam Basin During 1961-2013 2017, 33 (2):  106-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030195 Abstract + ( 859 )   PDF ( 1028KB )   ( 579 ) The paper aims to understand the distribution rule and trend of sunshine hours, and their changing reasons in the Qaidam Basin of Qinghai over the past 50 years. The authors used the statistical method and abrupt change test to analyze the variation characteristics of sunshine hours, based on the monthly data of sunshine hours, temperature, cloud cover, precipitation, wind velocity, vapor pressure from 9 meteorological stations in Qaidam Basin. The results showed that: the annual variation characteristics of sunshine hours in the Qaidam Basin significantly decreased in the whole year and the four seasons, the variation characteristics of sunshine hours reached a turning point in 1990; the distribution pattern of annual sunshine hours decreased from the northwest to the southeast, the maximum value was in the Lenghu station, and the minimum value was in the Chaka station; the distribution characteristics of sunshine hours in spring, summer, autumn were similar to that of annual distribution, though the distribution characteristics in winter gradually decreased from the south to the north; Dachaidan and Golmud were taken as the dividing line of distribution characteristics of the climate tendency rate of annual sunshine hours, there were two obvious decline regions, of which the maximum decrease was in Lenghu and Chaka station; the annual sunshine hours had a mutation in 1995 in Qaidam Basin; the main factor affecting sunshine hours in Qaidam Basin in Qinghai was cloud cover, while the secondary factor was slightly different.

  Wind Disaster of New Type Solar Greenhouse in Tianjin: Risk Evaluation and Zoning Division 2017, 33 (2):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100116 Abstract + ( 604 )   PDF ( 1227KB )   ( 468 ) To evaluate wind disaster risk of new type solar greenhouse in Tianjin, based on the wind disaster investigation in field in recent 10 years, the wind disaster risk evaluation model of sola greenhouse was constructed according to nature disaster risk evaluation theory. Then, the authors calculated the risk index of different levels of wind disaster according to the evaluation model and analyzed its variation from meteorological stations, spatial scale and time scale, respectively. The risk index of the meteorological stations and space distribution result showed that: the risk index of mild and moderate wind disaster was higher in Ninghe, Hangu, Tanggu, Wuqing and Xiqing; the risk index of mild wind disaster (risk index between 0.62 and 3.15) was obviously higher than that of the moderate (risk index between 0.0 and 0.61) and severe disaster, and the risk index of severe disaster was nearly 0, because there was little wind disaster maximun with wind speed exceeding 17.2 m/s. In recent 10 years, the risk index of moderate and severe wind disaster basically hold the line. The risk index variation of mild wind disaster changes from 2.70 to 2.0 from 2005 to 2007 and fluctuates with 2.0 after 2007.

  Evaluation of Cloud Water Resources of Jiangsu Province 2017, 33 (2):  121-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020049 Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 666KB )   ( 462 ) The paper aims to quantitatively evaluate the amount and characteristics of cloud water resources of Jiangsu Province. According to the function of inflow and outflow of cloud water, the cloud water resources were defined as the resources which participated in the recycle of atmospheric cloud water, but did not fall in ground. The fields of wind and cloud water content from the high resolution reanalysis data (ERA-Interim) during 1981-2010 were applied to calculating the total annual amount of cloud water resources of Jiangsu Province in average, whose spatial-temporal characteristics and variation trend were analyzed. Results showed that: the annual average amount reached 35.31 billion tons. It was more in spring and summer, but less in autumn and winter. In drought (water shortage) period, the amount reached the maximum of 7.08 billion tons within the areas in Huaibei along the Huai River, followed by that in the coastal reclamation region and areas around Taihu Lake, respectively. The amount during non-drought period accounted for 58.3% of the total annual amount. The cloud water resources of Jiangsu had a decline of 1.8 billion tons per decade within the past 30 years. It is suggested to increase the exploitation intensity and realize the normalization of exploitation of the resources. The major operation areas should be established in Huaibei, the coastal region and around Taihu Lake. In order to improve the efficiency of exploitation, the technology should be advanced.

  Reference Evapotranspiration: Variation Characteristics and Sensitivity in Xianyang 2017, 33 (2):  125-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030168 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 1005KB )   ( 372 ) The paper aims to study the variation characteristics and influence factors of reference evapotranspiration in Xianyang. Daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) during 1981-2012 was calculated by using Penman-Monteith equation, based on daily meteorological data of Xianyang, the variation of ET0 and main meteorological factors were analyzed, the sensitivity of daily ET0 to main climate factors, such as temperature, sunshine hours, average wind speed and average relative humidity was analyzed by using the methods of response curves and sensitivity matrix. The results showed that: (1) the annual average daily ET0 in Xianyang was steady as a whole which was 2.37 mm/d, fluctuations were in a range of 0.3 mm/d; (2) the annual average temperature, the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature in Xianyang generally showed a significant increasing trend, while the average wind speed and average relative humidity decreased; (3) the inter-annual and seasonal variation of average daily ET0 during 1981-2012 in Xianyang was not obvious; (4) the daily ET0 was in positive relation with temperature, sunshine hours and average wind speed and in negative relation with average air pressure and average relative humanity, and average relative humidity was the most sensitive to ET0 in Xianyang. The results can provide certain guidance for determining local crop water requirement.

  Removing Pesticide Residues in Different Vegetables with Ultrasonic Cleaning Method 2017, 33 (2):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090043 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 683KB )   ( 528 ) This study aims to reduce the amount of pesticide residues in vegetables, and finds an efficient and safe pesticide removal method so as to provide technical support for the industry development of ultrasonic cleaning of vegetables after harvest. This study designed the orthogonal experiment with different ultrasonic power, time and temperatures in order to get the best ultrasonic cleaning condition of different vegetables, and then compared pesticide residue removal effect on different vegetables. The orthogonal experimental results showed that the pesticide residue removal effect of ultrasonic cleaning on pakchoi, spinach and green pepper was better, and the pesticide removal rate reached 92.7%, 92.1% and 90.2%, respectively, but for carrot and white radish, pesticide residue removal effect of ultrasonic cleaning was not obvious, and the best pesticide removal rate was still below 30%. Ultrasonic cleaning method has different pesticide residue removal effects on different vegetables. Pesticide residue removal effects on leafy and solanaceous vegetables are better than that on root vegetables.

  Mixture Ratio Affecting the Quality of Kudzu and Sugarcane Top Mixed Silage 2017, 33 (2):  138-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050010 Abstract + ( 663 )   PDF ( 456KB )   ( 385 ) To exploit and use kudzu and sugarcane top resource, and produce high quality silage, kudzu and sugarcane top were mixed by six ratios, namely 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 and 0:10, which were short for 100K, 9K1S, 8K2S, 7K3S, 6K4S and 100S, respectively. Each treatment had 5 replications and the mixed materials were ensiled for 50 days at normal temperature. Then nutritional indexes and fermentation quality indexes were measured. The results showed that with the increasing proportion of sugarcane top, pH value and content of dry matter and ammonia nitrogen decreased, contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid increased and the quality of kudzu and sugarcane top mixed silage (except 100S) was becoming better. In general, mixed silage of 6K4S had relatively lower pH value and ammonia nitrogen content, and relatively higher contents of crude protein and lactic acid, indicating that mixing kudzu and sugarcane top by the ratio of 6:4, the quality of mixed silage was the best.

  Rapid and Non-destructive Identification of Hybrid Rice Seeds Using DPLS-CSM Optimized Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy 吴跃进 2017, 33 (2):  142-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020025 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 967KB )   ( 623 ) With the advantages of being quick, non-destructive, cheap, accurate and pollution-free, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can be applied in high throughput identification and screening of hybrid rice seeds in the future. This research utilized Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy combining with a new chemometric method, Discriminant Partial Least Squares Classification Screening Method (DPLS-CSM), to differentiate single hybrid rice seed‘Xinliangyou 6’from its male parent, female parent and other fake seeds. According to comparison with Discriminant Partial Least Squares (DPLS) method, it showed that the Sensitivity (Sn ), Precision(Pr ) and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (Mcc ) were 97.92%, 97.58% and 95.51% respectively by using DPLS-CSM method for modeling, which exceeded the values of 92.01%, 93.97% and 90.68% by using DPLS method. When validation set samples were being inspected, theSn ,Pr andMcc values of DPLSCSM models were 98.96%, 95% and 93.83% respectively, which exceeded the values of 94.79%, 88.35% and 88.57% by the latter. The results indicated that it was feasible to identify the authenticity of rice seed ‘Xinliangyou 6’by using DPLS-CSM combined with NIRS. This method provided people with a new choice to identify and screen hybrid rice seeds rapidly and nondestructively.

  Different Transportation Modes Affecting Physiology and Preservation of Post-harvest Lettuce 2017, 33 (2):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040084 Abstract + ( 585 )   PDF ( 672KB )   ( 425 ) To study the effects of transportation modes on physiology and preservation of postharvest lettuce, ‘Xiangsheng No.2’was selected as the research object. The transportation experiments were carried out using three transportation modes: warm box packaging and transporting at room temperature (A), warm box adding refrigerant packaging and transporting at room temperature (B), PE bag and carton packaging and transporting at 0℃ (C). Results showed that weight loss ratio and respiratory intensity of mode C were lower than that of the other two groups, and VC content and sensory evaluation value were higher than that of the other 2 groups. So mode A, B, C was more suitable when transportation time was within 12 h, 12-24 h and more than 24 h, respectively.

  Green Development of Agriculture Based on Endogenous Development: Taking Pinglu, Shanxi Province for Example 2017, 33 (2):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070083 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 447 ) To promote agricultural modernization and realize agricultural sustainable development in county level, taking Pinglu county as an object, agricultural green development conditions in accordance with the idea of endogenous development were explored. Then the detailed development contents were determined, including large scale of agricultural production base, specialization of agricultural industry chains, standardization of the whole production process and branding of green agriculture. Finally, we put forward countermeasures to promote agricultural green development in county level, which were innovating production and management operation entity and technology, exploring specialized agriculture in county, strictly controlling the quality of agricultural products and creating green branding agriculture.

  Development of Industrial Convergence in Agricultural Science and Technology Park:Interpretation and Enlightenment of National Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Hebi, Henan 张伟,, and 2017, 33 (2):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070125 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 488KB )   ( 605 ) The study aims to explore the way of agricultural science and technology park in promoting the development of industrial convergence. We took national agricultural science and technology park in Hebi as an example to analyze its practice and achievement in rural industrial convergence. By changing the mode of agricultural production, expanding multiple functions of agriculture, developing modern business and fostering diversified operators, the park constantly improved investment and financing system of the rural industrial convergence and ensured that farmers could really share the achievement, so as to enhance the overall level and the developing quality of rural industrial convergence. Thus, in the process of promoting rural industrial convergence, changing the development mode of agriculture is the foundation, establishing a close benefit binding mechanism is the core, building a technological incubator is the guarantee, and enhancing the industrial value chain is the key. This result provides an important reference in development of industrial convergence in other agricultural science and technology parks under the new situation.