Abstract: The objective is to explore the ecological adaptability of fourteen tartary buckwheat varieties in north Shanxi. The growth period and genetic variation of main agronomic characters of the varieties were compared, and biological traits were analyzed by using principal component analysis method. The results showed that the variation coefficients of grade branch number, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant were larger, while those of plant height and the number of stem section were smaller. There was a significant correlation between grade branch number and grain number per plant as well as grain weight per plant (P ＜0.05), the correlation between grain number per plant and grain weight per plant reached extremely significant level (P ＜ 0.01). The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 93.216%. The order of main component was grain number component factor>grain yield component factor>plant height component factor> stem component factor. The comprehensive selection of the first, second and third main component should be the important reference when selecting tartary buckwheat varieties. According to the comprehensive score, ‘Yunqiao 1’and‘Qianku 6’were selected which had the best traits in north Shanxi.