Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.16 Published:08 June 2017

  Effect of Preparation Treatment of Rice Straw Substrate on Rice Seedling Growth 2017, 33 (16):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060119 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 1167KB )   ( 383 ) In order to provide resources of rice seedling substrate for mechanical transplanting, the effect of straw substrates with different preparation components and under different preparation processes on rice seedling growth was studied. The results showed that preparation components and preparation processes of straw substrates had significant effect on rice seedling quality. The emergence rates of treatment retted with fertilizer and fermentation bacteria and the treatment retted without fertilizer were 5%-10% higher than that of other treatments. The treatment retted with soil and fermentation bacteria increased rice seedling height, cauloid width, dry matter per plant, chlorophyll and nitrogen content, reduced plant sugar and nitrogen ratio, significantly improved the quality of rice seedling. Seedling soluble sugar content of treatment with soil was 1- 13 mg/g higher than that of straw substrate treatment, the starch content was 8-28 mg/g lower, and the ratio of sugar and nitrogen was lower than that of straw substrate treatment. The seedlings comprehensive quality of machine transplanting rice were relatively good with nitrogen content of 30 mg/g, non-structural carbohydrate content of 65-80 mg/g, sugar and nitrogen ratio of 2.5. Straw could replace nutrient soil as substrate in rice machine transplantation. Straw substrate retted with a little soil and fermentation bacteria had better effect.

  Difference Analysis of Plant Characters of Different Maize Varieties Under Density Stress 穆艳芳 2017, 33 (16):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030048 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 1023KB )   ( 497 ) The aims are to study the effects of density on plant characters of different maize varieties, and provide a basis for breeding and high-yield field establishment. Three maize varieties‘[ Xieyu 3’(A1),‘Xieyu 4’(A2),‘Xianyu335’(A3)] were used as materials. Five planting densities and randomized block design with three repeats and 65 cm wide linewidth planting were used in this experiment. The results showed that plant heights of three maize varieties had no obvious change under five planting densities, ear heights of the three maize varieties had no significant differences, and the ear height of A2 was always higher than that of A1 and A3. The number of staminate flower branch of the three maize varieties had significant differences. Compared with that of A2 and A3, the significance of the staminate flower branch number of A1 was obvious. There was significant difference of the staminate flower branch between A2 and A3. Plant height and ear height had necessary connection. The plant height of A3 was distinctly higher than that of A1 and A2, but the ear height of A3 was distinctly lower than that of A1 and A2. The variety had more influence on plant height, ear height and the number of staminate flower branch than that of density. Varieties and planting model had significant influence on the experimental results. In order to improve plant characters to coordinate group relationship, we should choose the inbred lines with suitable plant height, lower ear height and lower staminate flower branch.

  Effect of Mixed Organic Liquid Fertilizer on Root Morphological Characteristics of Sweet Sorghum 2017, 33 (16):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020085 Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 347 ) To clarify the effect of mixed organic liquid fertilizer on root morphological characteristics of forage crops in agro- pastoral ecotone of northern Shaanxi, sweet sorghum was used as the material in the pot experiment. Treatments with different concentrations of bacteria mineral water (BMW) (i.e. B1, B2, B3 and B4) and Aidoora solutions (i.e. A1, A2 and A3) were set, and the root morphological characteristics in the seedling stage of sweet sorghum were determined. The results showed that, under most single liquid fertilizer or mixed liquid fertilizer treatments, the root biomass (RB ), root shoot ratio (RSR ), root volume (RV ), total root length (TRL ), root surface area (RSA ), root average diameter (RAD ), specific root length (SRL ) and root area (SRA ) was higher than that of CK, which indicated that BMW and Aidoora solutions were favorable to improving the root biomass accumulation and absorbing capacity of root. Positive linear relationships existed amongRB ,TRL andRSA , which indicated that the total root length or root surface area increased with root biomass rising. These results suggested that, compared with other BMW and Aidoora solutions, B3A2 and B3A3 were the most suitable mixed organic liquid fertilizers to improve the root biomass accumulation and morphology formation in the seedlings of sweet sorghum.

  Effects of Low Nitrogen Stress on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Millet Varieties 2017, 33 (16):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030073 Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 1050KB )   ( 496 ) 12 millet varieties cultivars with vermiculite were used as experimental materials. The physiological indexes such as fresh weight, root length, root / shoot ratio, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were measured after treatment with nutrient solution with nitrogen concentration of 5 mmol / L and 0.1 mmol / L for one month.The results showed that the fresh weight and chlorophyll content of different cultivars decreased after low nitrogen stress, but the chlorophyll a / b increased, and the root / shoot ratio of all varieties increased, and the photosynthetic rate of all varieties decreased at low nitrogen stress.The comprehensive evaluation was: LONGGU 31, LONGGU 25, JINGU 41, and JIGU 31 were resistant to low nitrogen stress.

  Ecological Adaptability and Principal Component Analysis of Tartary Buckwheat in North Shanxi 2017, 33 (16):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070027 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 1054KB )   ( 301 ) The objective is to explore the ecological adaptability of fourteen tartary buckwheat varieties in north Shanxi. The growth period and genetic variation of main agronomic characters of the varieties were compared, and biological traits were analyzed by using principal component analysis method. The results showed that the variation coefficients of grade branch number, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant were larger, while those of plant height and the number of stem section were smaller. There was a significant correlation between grade branch number and grain number per plant as well as grain weight per plant (P ＜0.05), the correlation between grain number per plant and grain weight per plant reached extremely significant level (P ＜ 0.01). The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 93.216%. The order of main component was grain number component factor>grain yield component factor>plant height component factor> stem component factor. The comprehensive selection of the first, second and third main component should be the important reference when selecting tartary buckwheat varieties. According to the comprehensive score, ‘Yunqiao 1’and‘Qianku 6’were selected which had the best traits in north Shanxi.

  Effect Comparison of Five Methods to Extract Fungal Genomic DNA as PCR Templates 2017, 33 (16):  28-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060084 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 1699KB )   ( 878 ) The objective of this study was to compare the effect of fungal genomic DNA, which was extracted by five methods including CTAB method, modified CTAB method, SDS method, benzyl chloride method and Chelex-100 method, as PCR templates. Eleven sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) fungal genera that exhibited different growth rates and colony characters were selected as tested fungi, and amplification percentages of PCR reactions of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and partial sequences of 28S rRNA gene of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were used as indexes, and the results were analyzed with SPSS software. The results showed that the CTAB method and the modified CTAB method were suitable for most fungi, respectively with seven and nine tested fungal genera amplification percentage higher than 70% and had no significant differences. The benzyl chloride method and the Chelex-100 method were suitable for partial fungi, respectively with six and eight tested fungal genera amplification percentage higher than 70% and 50%, and had no significant differences. The SDS method was suitable for only a narrow range of fungi, with six tested fungal genera amplification percentage higher than 50% and had no significant differences. There were at least two methods that could perform well to extract DNA from most SBFS fungal genera, but only the benzyl chloride method gave the best DNA extraction result for the genus Scleroramularia. Using modified CTAB method combined with the benzyl chloride method could meet the need of extracting SBFS fungal genomic DNA as PCR templates.

  Effects of Different Proportions of NO3 --N and NH4 -N on Growth and Edible Quality of Spinacia oleracer L. 2017, 33 (16):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060134 Abstract + ( 785 )   PDF ( 1098KB )   ( 448 ) A pot experiment was adopted to investigate the effects of nitrogen forms on growth and edible quality of Spinacia oleracer L. The total nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution was 15 mmol/L and 5 different kinds of ratios of NO3--N and NH4 -N (100?0，75?25，50?50，25?75 and 0?100) were designed, and indexes of growth and quality were determined, respectively. The results showed that NO3--N was superior to NH4 -N on growth of Spinacia oleracer L and Vc accumulation. Vc concentration decreased significantly after the addition of NH4 -N, but it had little effect on growth of Spinacia oleracer L, and remarkably decreased nitrite content in edible parts. The reasonable ratio of NO3-- N and NH4 - N was 50?50 for the growth of Spinacia oleracer L with high yield and low nitrate content.

  QTL Location on Vitamin C in Fruit of Pepper Based on AFLP and SSRXie Libo 1, Chen Li-Xin1 , Hu Shaoxin2, Fu Lixin2, Wang Xue﹡, 1, Quan Hong3 谢立波,,,, and 2017, 33 (16):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020091 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 1251KB )   ( 286 ) In order to analyze genetic rule, the pepper variety L5 having high vitamin C (Vc) and L158 including low vitamin were used as female and male, respectively. And QTL mapping on Vc content in pepper fruit was carried out. Based on SSR and AFLP markers to screen QTL location on Vc content, a 1133.87 cM map about was constructed and included 7 linkage groups, 39 markers and 5 QTL. The average distance between markers was 29.02 cM．The above results provided a theoretical basis for the final location and cloning of vitamin C in pepper fruit.

  Principal Component Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Traits of Cucumber Germplasm Resources 2017, 33 (16):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120121 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 1038KB )   ( 353 ) The paper aims to explore the correlation and the primary and secondary relations of cucumber fruit traits, and comprehensively evaluate cucumber varieties, thus to provide a reference for screening excellent parents. The variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation were carried out on twelve fruits traits of forty-nine cucumber germplasm resources. The results showed that there was abundant variation among the fruits traits of cucumber, the variation coefficient ranged from 8.98% to 38.41%, and the highest was found for melon to grow and the least was found for fruit ventricular number. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant or extremely significant correlations among the fruits traits. In the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate was up to 82.609% of the first 4 principal component factors. The first principal component was fruit longitudinal diameter factor which included fruit shape index, fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit shape, the second was yield factor which included fruit weight, fruit transverse diameter and grain weight per plant, the third was spines color factor, the fourth was ventricle number factor. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the selection of the first principal component and the second principal component in the process of cucumber variety improvement, then was the third principal component, and the fourth principal component could not be used as an important selection trait.

  Optimization of Extraction and Analysis Method of Apple Fruit Cuticle 陈剑婷,吴坤胜,周磊磊,宋欢,李沆 and 曲桂芹 2017, 33 (16):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060019 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 1161KB )   ( 450 ) Apple fruit water loss is one of the important factors affecting its quality during shelf life. And the fruit cuticle is the main barrier of water loss. It is particularly important to explore the correlation between apple fruit cuticle and fruit water loss rate. And quantitative determination of the components of apple fruit cuticle is the premise of the research. This paper optimized the method of extraction and analysis of apple fruit cuticle, which provided a train of thought for searching postharvest preservation measures of apple fruit. The specific research results were as follows: treating the intact fruit for 1 min, intact fruit for 1 h, fruit discs for 1 min, fruit discs for 1 h by chloroform, the total wax content from treating fruit discs for 1 h was the highestamong them, and there was no significant difference between their wax component types and proportions. For apple fruit cutin analysis, MeOH- HCl reagent was used to depolymerize apple fruit cutin instead of the previously depolymerization method, verified it was effective for apple fruit. And the monomer production rate of apple fruit cuticle could reach 92%.

  Effect of Walnut Male Flower-derived Nutrient Solution on Growth and Fruit Quality of Walnut 2017, 33 (16):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060090 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 262 ) In order to study the use of walnut male flower-derived nutrient solution and its effects on the growth and fruit quality in walnut, different treatments of foliar application were conducted on Juglans regia ‘Xinwen185’ to analysis the fruit rate, growth, yield and fruit quality. The results showed that compared with control, all the treatments of walnut male flower-derived nutrient solution could significantly increase the fruit setting rate, promote growth of new tips, increase yield per plant, raise the single fruit weight, kernel rate and increase the content of crude fat and crude protein. GB2 (spraying 300 times dilution of walnut male flower-derived nutrient solution 3.6 g/L boric acid in the growth phase) and FB2 (spraying 300 dilution of walnut male flower-derived nutrient solution 3.6 g/L boric acid in full flowering stage) showed higher fruit setting rate, single fruit weight and the kernel rate than other treatments. In particular, GB2 markedly increased the dry weight of 100 leaves, the diameter and length of new tips, the content of crude fat and crude protein and yield per plant. The results suggested in the growth period, spraying 300 times dilution of walnut male flower-derived nutrient solution 3.6 g/L boric acid could promote growth and improve the fruit quality of J. regia ‘Xinwen 185’.

  Effects of Exogenous H2O2 on Rooting and Germination and Endogenous Hormone Contents of Lily Bulb 2017, 33 (16):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100007 Abstract + ( 918 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 455 ) To study the effects of exogenous H2O2 on germination and regulation of endogenous hormone contents of‘Siberia’lily, the authors used five different concentration gradients of hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2 aqueous solution), which were 0, 0.5%, 3%, 5%, 10%, respectively, and 0.5 mmol/L DMTU (exogenous H2O2 scavenger) to treat the small lily bulbs 30 days. The results showed that 5% H2O2 had a great influence on the rooting and sprouting of lily bulbs, the effect of 0.5 mmol/L DMTU treatment was not ideal compared with 5% H2O2; the ABA content decreased, while the GA and IAA contents increased, and had a more significant variation than control during the rooting and sprouting of lily bulbs. The suitable concentration of exogenous H2O2 could be beneficial to lily bulbs’germination.

  Adaptability of Leaf Morphology of Ilex cornuta var. fortune to Ambient Air Temperature Change 2017, 33 (16):  71-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060086 Abstract + ( 2234 )   PDF ( 1955KB )   ( 588 ) To illustrate the morphological and leaf anatomical structure changes of Ilex cornuta var. fortunei and their adaptability to the changes of ambient air temperature, this study investigated the morphological and histological structure of the leaves of I. cornuta var. fortunei. The methods included field morphological observation and paraffin section. The results showed that as the temperature gradually decreased, the leaf color and relative electrolytic leakage changed significantly during the changes of ambient air temperature. The highest relative electrolytic leakage was 44.29% in March 2015. In addition, different leaf tissue structure indexes, including leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, upper and lower cuticle thickness,palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue were examined. These different indexes increased initially and then decreased with the gradual temperature decrease. However, the spongy ratio tended to decrease, and then increase. These indicators changed significantly under different months. Therefore, the results indicated that improved adaptability of cold tolerance in I. cornuta var. fortunei relied on the changes of leaf structure.

  Rapid Propagation of Seedling Grafting for Rare Tea Germplasm 2017, 33 (16):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010114 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 327 ) The paper aims to explore the rapid propagation of seedling grafting for rare tea germplasm. 10 rare tea germplasms includingCamellia sinensis cv. Guilv 1, C.sinensis cv. Guilv 2, C.sinensis cv. Guilv 3, etc, were used as scions, and C. sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha as rootstocks. The survival rate, tree height, tree crown and the number of potential cuttings in the 10 grafted rare germplasms were determined. These indicators from 3 The paper aims to explore the rapid propagation of seedling grafting for rare tea germplasm. 10 rare tea germplasms includingCamellia sinensis cv. Guilv 1, C.sinensis cv. Guilv 2, C.sinensis cv. Guilv 3, etc, were used as scions, and C. sinensis cv. Fudingdabaicha as rootstocks. The survival rate, tree height, tree crown and the number of potential cuttings in the 10 grafted rare germplasms were determined. These indicators from 3 grafted rare germplasms were compared to their cutting seedlings after transplantation. The results showed that: the survival rate of 10 grafted rare germplasms varied from 79.6% to 97.9%, with an overall mean of 88.3%, and showed significantly difference; their tree height, tree crown and the number of potential cuttings presented obvious differences, which indicated that in the process of grafting, the rare tea germplasm had incompatibility to some extent; compared with 3 grafted rare germplasms after 3 years, the tree height, tree crown and the number of potential cuttings in their cutting seedlings after transplantation were 19.3-34.7 cm, 14.4-17.4 cm, and 50.5-80.5 higher, respectively. Generally, grafting can shorten the propagation of the rare tea germplasm by 2-3 years, compared with the cutting seedlings. After 3 years graft, the number of cuttings per 666.7 m2 could reach 643 thousand. grafted rare germplasms were compared to their cutting seedlings after transplantation. The results showed that: the survival rate of 10 grafted rare germplasms varied from 79.6% to 97.9%, with an overall mean of 88.3%, and showed significantly difference; their tree height, tree crown and the number of potential cuttings presented obvious differences, which indicated that in the process of grafting, the rare tea germplasm had incompatibility to some extent; compared with 3 grafted rare germplasms after 3 years, the tree height, tree crown and the number of potential cuttings in their cutting seedlings after transplantation were 19.3-34.7 cm, 14.4-17.4 cm, and 50.5-80.5 higher, respectively. Generally, grafting can shorten the propagation of the rare tea germplasm by 2-3 years, compared with the cutting seedlings. After 3 years graft, the number of cuttings per 666.7 m2 could reach 643 thousand.

  Effects of Nitrogen Levels on Contents of Neutral Aroma Substances of Hainan Cigar Wrapper Tobacco 2017, 33 (16):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060112 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 1171KB )   ( 238 ) To study the effects of different nitrogen treatments on the content of neutral aroma substances in tobacco leaves after fermentation, a field experiment was carried out in Danzhou, Hainan. The results showed that there was a certain relationship between nitrogen level and the change of the content of neutral aroma substances in Hainan cigar wrapper. With the increase of nitrogen application, the amount of neophytadiene and carotenoids in upper leaves increased, in middle leaves increased first and then decreased. The amount of maillard reaction products in upper leaves showed a tendency of first increase and then decrease; and gradually reduced in middle leaves. The total amount of aromatic amino acid degradation product as a whole showed an increasing trend. The amount of solanone in upper leaves increased first and then decreased; and gradually reduced in middle leaves. Other substances overall presented a decreasing trend. From the content change of the four kinds of aroma substances, nitrogen application T2 (180 kg/hm2) is the best in promoting the amount of cigar wrapper aroma substances.

  Astragalus membranaceus: Effect of Selenium Application on Growth, Selenium Content and Translocation 2017, 33 (16):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030122 Abstract + ( 918 )   PDF ( 1079KB )   ( 267 ) The paper aims at selenium bio-concentration and translocation inAstragalus membranaceus . To study the dry matter weight of roots and shoots, selenium content and translocation inA. membranaceus under different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100 μmol/L) of sodium selenate and sodium selenite, root application and foliage spray were used in the experiment. The results showed that both sodium selenate and sodium selenite were beneficial to the increase of dry matter weight of roots and shoots and selenium content. With the increase of selenium concentration, the dry matter weight showed a trend of first increase then decrease, the selenium content of shoots showed a trend of rise, while that of the roots was the opposite. Adding sodium selenate and sodium selenite in nutrient solution, the dry matter weight in roots and shoots under 10 μmol/L Se concentration increased by 49.89%, 60.87% and 23.36%, 60.00%, respectively, compared with those of CK. Moreover, Se content in roots and shoots increased more in sodium selenate treatments than that in sodium selenite treatments under the same Se concentration, Se content of shoots reached the maximum of 119.13 μg/g in 100 μmol/L treatment and that of roots reached the maximum of 52.25 μg/g in 5 μmol/L treatment. The root application of sodium selenite was more conducive to the enrichment of Se, moreover, the selenium translocation ability from roots to shoots increased with the selenium application concentration.

  Effects of Composting Methods on Nitrogen Loss and Conservation 2017, 33 (16):  97-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030145 Abstract + ( 933 )   PDF ( 718KB )   ( 439 ) To investigate the effect of different composting methods (farmer compost, anaerobic compost, mixed compost and aerobic compost) on nitrogen loss and conservation during manure composting, faeces of dairy cattle was used to study and compare the effect on nitrogen loss by N2O and NH3 emissions, leachate and other forms of nitrogen loss and nitrogen conservation. The results showed that the nitrogen loss rate was 27.9%, 27.0% , 30.0% and 25.1% of farmer compost, anaerobic compost, mixed compost and aerobic compost, respectively, after compost. Except farmer compost (65.9%), others reached the required maturity standard (＞80% ); NH3 emission was the main contributor to nitrogen loss, aerobic compost had the largest NH3 emission, which accounted for 22.5% of the total nitrogen loss amount, then was mixed compost (16.6%), while anaerobic compost had the least (7.5%). Cumulative N loss via N2O emissions was less, which accounted for 0.06% to 0.11% of the total; 1.5%-12.0% of initial nitrogen was lost through leachate, farmer compost had the largest leachate loss, while aerobic compost had the smallest; nitrogen loss in other forms was 1.0% to 10.2%, aerobic compost had the lowest nitrogen loss in other forms, while anaerobic compost had the highest. Aerobic compost could meet the requirement of maturity standard and benefit to nitrogen loss reduction and nitrogen conservation.

  Effects of Astragalus smicus on Cadmium Effectiveness in Paddy Soil and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice Plant 2017, 33 (16):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030086 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 1159KB )   ( 300 ) To study the effect ofAstragalus sinicus on cadmium effectiveness in Cd-contaminated paddy soil and cadmium accumulation in rice plant, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect ofAstragalus sinicus on biological yield, Cd content of rice, soil pH value, and available Cd content in soil, local traditional fertilization was used as CK. The results showed that the application of Astragalus sinicus promoted rice growth, compared with the treatment of chemical fertilizer, the average yield of overground part increased by 11%. At the same time, the content of Cd in rice decreased, the Cd content in rice grains decreased by 23.8% on average, and the Cd content in rice straw decreased by 50.2% on average, the average cadmium accumulation of rice decreased by 40.8%. The application ofAstragalus sinicus increased soil pH value and reduced the bioavailability of Cd in soil. The correlation analysis showed that the content of available Cd in soil was negatively correlated with pH value, while Cd accumulation in paddy rice was positively correlated with available Cd content in soil. The study shows that in Cd-contaminated paddy soil, the application of chemical fertilizer alone should be avoided, and the application ofAstragalus sinicus which is a representative green manure could not only increase the yield of rice, but also reduce the Cd activity in the soil and Cd accumulation in the rice.

  Temperature Change and Its Influence on Thermal Conditions of Agriculture in Shandong: Based on Data of 52 Years 2017, 33 (16):  112-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010014 Abstract + ( 640 )   PDF ( 1831KB )   ( 269 ) The paper aims to understand the effect of temperature change on thermal conditions of agriculture and grain production in Shandong Province. Based on weather stations’data from 1961 to 2012, we extracted the change index of temperature and agricultural thermal condition using GIS to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution laws and variation characteristics of temperature and the effect on agricultural productive condition in Shandong. The results showed that: (1) the average temperature of the four seasons in Shandong and the west, the central and the east of Shandong increased significantly on the whole, after 2000, the trend was more obvious; the spring, winter and annual average temperature showed a significant warming from 1990s, temperature in summer and autumn fluctuated in the 50 years, but the overall warming was minor; (2) the temperature increased the most in east Shandong, while the least in west Shandong, the temperature showed an upward trend from the west to the east; (3) the temperature tendency rates of autumn and summer in Shandong and the west, the central and the east of Shandong were low, while“warm winter”and“warm spring” phenomena appeared in winter and spring; (4) the ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature rose in Shandong, especially in the last 10 years; the interval days between the first and the last day of ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ fluctuated greatly, but the trends were all rising.

  Gale Days in East of Hexi Corridor: Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Effect on Sand-Dust Weather 2017, 33 (16):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080011 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 494 ) Abstract: The paper aims to reveal temporal and spatial evolution of gale days and it effect on sand-dust weather and defend and mitigate the wind and sand disasters better. Based on gale, sandstorm and flying sand observational data from 4 meteorological stations in east of Hexi corridor from 1971 to 2010, the temporal and spatial evolution of gale days and the relationships between gale days and sandstorm, flying sand days were analyzed. The results show that the annual gale days decrease significantly with the rate of 10.77d/ decade in east of Hexi corridor in recent 40 years, so are the seasonal gale days and the decreasing rate is the largest in summer and is the smallest in winter. The gale days of year and season show decreasing trend with increased of age. The gale days is the most in spring and is the least in autumn, and the maximum occurs in April and the minimum appears in September. The spatial distributions of gale days are related to altitude and topography, the gale days is the most in high altitude mountain and is more in northern desert area and shallow mountain area and is the least in oasis plain. The annual sandstorm and flying sand days decrease significantly in east of Hexi corridor in recent 40 years. The annual sandstorm and flying sand days are significant positive correlations with annual gale days, and the correlation coefficients are 0.878 and 0.888 respectively. The variation of gale days has a remarkable positive effect to the variation of sand-dust days with time, and the decrease of gale days may be one of main reasons for the decrease of sand-dust days.

  Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Human Comfort Degree: In Yangtze River Regions Under Climate Change 2017, 33 (16):  129-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080070 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 752KB )   ( 410 ) To quantitatively evaluate the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of human comfort degree in Yangtze River regions, based on daily relative humidity and average temperature data from 434 conventional weather observation stations from 1961 to 2011, using human comfort index model, we systematically analyzed the seasonal variation and spatial distribution of human comfort degree in these regions and conducted a corresponding risk zoning. The results showed that: (1) except summer, human comfort degree value for the whole year and other seasons showed significant decrease in zonal distribution from south to north; (2) comfortable day and uncomfortable day gradually decreased from south to north, while very uncomfortable day showed a significant reverse trend; (3) the value of human comfort degree of the whole year and the four seasons rose with the rate of 0.302/10 a, 0.162/10 a, 0.211/10 a, 0.355/10 a and 0.484/10 a, respectively; the human comfort degree of the whole year as well as spring, autumn and winter gradually increased, but decreased significantly in summer; (4) human comfort value of the whole year and spring, autumn and winter had obvious mutation characteristics, the mutated point occurred in the late 1980s, showing an upward trend in the latter part, to a certain degree, climate change increased the human comfort degree of the whole year and spring, autumn and winter, reduced human comfort degree in summer. The results provide a basis for habitat environmental decision-making, comprehensive development and utilization of tourism climate resources and guarantee of tourism meteorological service in Yangtze River regions.

  Lightning Risk Assessment: Refined Research in Large Wild Area Based on Lightning Location Data 2017, 33 (16):  137-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070082 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 1097KB )   ( 295 ) In accordance with the evaluation method of lightning strike risk in IEC 62305-2:2010 standard, based on quantitative formula of lightning strike risk evaluation method for the large wild area, and the lightning location data in the large wild area, the authors made a detailed study about the certain risks that lightning strike might cause in the large wild area, analyzed the probability (PB) when it striked humans directly in the large wild area, the peak current (I) and rolling sphere radius (hr), and also took examples to introduce the specific calculating method of lightning strike risk in the large wild area aiming at providing the basis for the design of direct lightening strike protection in the large wild area.

  Toxicity and Control Effect of Nine Insecticides on Thrip Compound of Mango 2017, 33 (16):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060104 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 1122KB )   ( 1108 ) To clarify the toxicity and control effect of current insecticides, the toxicity of nine insecticides on Scirtothrips dorsalis 2nd instar nymphs and adults and the control efficacy in filed were evaluated. The results showed thatLC 50 of 1.5% Emamectin Benzoate was the lowest on the 2nd instar nymphs and adults, which was 0.90, 0.91 mg/L, respectively; followed byLC 50 of 6% Spinetoram, which was 0.91, 0.92 mg/L, respectively.4.5% Beta cypermethrin had the highest LC 50 on the 2nd instar nymphs and adults, which was 471.38, 1626.92 mg/L, respectively. TheLC 50 value of other insecticides on the 2nd instar nymphs ofS. dorsalis was less than that on adults except the 2.8% Avermectin, indicating that the 2nd instar nymphs were more sensitive to the insecticides compared with adults. The field trial results showed that 10% Acetamiprid ME, 6% Spinetoram SC, 1.5% Emamectin Benzoate EC, 480 g/L Chlorpyripos EC, 20% Imidacloprid SL and 12.5% Abamectin acetamiprid ME had excellent rapid availability to thrips species of mango. 22.4% Spirotetramat SC had weak rapid availability to the thrips. The results also showed that the Spirotetramat mixed with additive ‘Ha suteng’had high persistent effect. As a result, the Spirotetramat blended with other additives had higher rapid availability and intermiscibility to improve the control effect.

  Polysaccharide Purification from Wudang Taoism Tea by Resin 2017, 33 (16):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100125 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 389 ) The paper aims to study the effects of resin on decolorization and deproteinization of Wudang Taoism tea, and the effect of DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography on polysaccharide isolation from Wudang Taoism Tea. Based on single-factor experiments, orthogonal tests were employed to evaluate three factors including sample loading flow rate, temperature and ratio of material to water according to L9(34) scheme. The anthrone-sulfuric acid method and the coomassie brilliant blue method were eparately applied for the content detection of polysaccharide and protein. When the sample was absorbed by 201x7 in the condition of 50℃ , 1.0 mL/min and the ratio (material to water) of 11:1, the rates of decolorization, deproteinization and polysaccharide retention was 87.49% , 43.27% and 89.12% , respectively. Five polysaccharide fractions were isolated by subsequent DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography. The scheme is steady and effective, and suitable for further development and utilization of olysaccharide from Wudang Taoism tea.

  Design and Test of Rapeseed Spin Dryer 2017, 33 (16):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030064 Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 1279KB )   ( 348 ) The small gap between rapeseed could cause difficult heat dissipation and seed drying, and result in mildew of rapeseed. To tackle this problem in production, we designed a spin dryer on the principle of drying rapeseed with cyclone airflow. Base on the force analysis of rapeseed following the airflow movement in the drying chamber, we discovered the relations between the size of grading hole and the moisture content of rapeseed, and designed the structure of air blower and heater, then tested the demo dryer. The results showed that when inlet temperature of the dryer was 80℃, the wind speed of the dryer was 19 m/s and the diameter of the classifier was 135 mm, the water losing rate of rapeseed was 1.0833 %/min and the water content of rapeseed was 7.65% after being dried, which met the agronomy requirements for dried rapeseed.

  Production Risk Evaluation of Main Crops in Jilin 2017, 33 (16):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060057 Abstract + ( 701 )   PDF ( 2750KB )   ( 332 ) This study aims to understanding main crops’production risk in Jilin Province, and provide a reference for stabilizing food production and ensuring national food security. Linear sliding average method and non-parametric information diffusion model were used to evaluate production risk of soybean, rice and maize at county level. The results showed that different crops had different production risks, and the risk degree of per unit area yield was in a decreasing order of soybean, maize and rice. Areas had higher production risks mainly distributed in northwest Jilin, followed by southeast Jilin, and lower risks were mainly found in central Jilin. Per unit area yield loss ratio of soybean, rice and maize over 30% was small in Jilin Province.