Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.15 Published:26 May 2017

  Cadmium Tolerance of Ramie with Different Fineness Fu Huiqin,Jie Hongdong,Ma Yushen,Jie Yucheng,Xing Hucheng and Wen Shengxian 2017, 33 (15):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020058 Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 572KB )   ( 488 ) In order to understand the difference of ramie cultivars with different fineness in tolerance to heavy metal cadmium, the tolerance of 12 ramie cultivars under different cadmium stress was studied by soil cultivation pot experiment. Ramies cutting seedlings (60 days) under same growth condition were transplanted to soils treated with 0, 25, 75, 150 mg/kg Cd, respectively. The Cd tolerance experiment lasted for 1 year.The results showed that the comprehensive tolerance index of Cd for these 12 investigated ramies under a Cd stress at 25 mg/kg was range from 0.80~1.18, with the best and worst Cd tolerance shown by “Zhongzhu 1# (medium fineness) ” and “Dazhu Huangbaima(low fineness)”, respectively; and under a Cd stress at 75 mg/kg was range from 0.09~0.77, with the best and worst Cd tolerance shown by “Xiangzhu 3# (medium fineness) ” and “Dazhu Huangbaima(low fineness)”, respectively; and under a Cd stress at 150 mg/kg was range from 0.32~0.54, with the best and worst Cd tolerance shown by “Houpizhong 1# (high fineness) ” and “Dazhu Huangbaima(low fineness)”,respectively. Our results indicating that ramie has good tolerance to heavy metal Cd, with greater Cd tolerance of medium and high fineness cultivars than that of low fineness. The concentration of 75 mg/kg (Cd/soil) is the threshold of cultivars named “Dazhu Huangbaima”,“Ningxiang Chongtianpao”, “Liuyang Dayeqing”, “Lingshui Qingdingjiama”,”Chuanzhu 8#”, “Zhongzhu 1#”, “Wugang Hongpima” and “Xiangsi 1#”; and 150 mg/kg (Cd/soil) is the threshold of cultivars named “Xiangzhu 3#”, ”Duobeiti 1#”, “Zixing Ma” and ”Houpizhong 1#”. Key words: ramie; cultivar; fiber fineness; cadmium tolerance; threshold

  The Daily Change of Photosynthetic Characteristics Heterosis of Hybrid Wheat 2017, 33 (15):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020030 Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 377 ) To elucidate the daily change rule of photosynthetic characteristics heterosis of hybrid wheat and their correlations with environmental factors, common wheat hybrid‘Shaanken No.6’and its parents were taken as materials in this study and the photosynthetic parameters were measured respectively at the flowering stage, early grain filling stage, middle grain filling stage and post grain filling stage by using Li- 6400 photosynthetic system, and then the heterosis of each parameter was calculated and analyzed. The study showed that heterosis of net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were the weakest at flowering stage, but they were the strongest at middle grain filling stage. At the early grain filling stage, the net photosynthetic rate was positive heterosis in the morning and negative heterosis in the afternoon. The stomatal conductance was negative heterosis in the morning and positive heterosis in the afternoon. Heterosis of transpiration rate was the weakest in the early grain filling stage and the strongest in the middle grain filling stage. Heterosis of water use efficiency was the weakest in flowering stage and the strongest at the early grain filling stage, and then it started to decline from the post grain filling stage. Grey correlation analysis indicated that air CO2 concentration was the key environment factor that influenced the photosynthetic heterosis of wheat. So high photosynthetic efficiency breeding should be conducted in the middle grain filling stage in order to develop the photosynthetic heterosis of wheat efficiently. Meanwhile, water use efficiency should be handled rationally at different development stages in field management.

  Effects of Polygonum lapathifolium on Soybean Growth and Its Economic Threshold 2017, 33 (15):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080150 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 741KB )   ( 270 ) Polygonum lapathifolium L. is a troublesome weed seriously damaging soybean growth and reducing soybean yield in soybean fields. To determine economic infestation level and economic threshold of P. lapathifolium in soybean fields,a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of P. lapathifolium of different densities (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 plant/m2 ) on the soybean growth and yield by the method of additive series experiment. [Result] Results showed that increasing density of P. lapathifolium significantly reduced soybean’s pods per plant and yield. There was no significant impact on soybean plant height.The linear function model was the best in describing the relationship between P. lapathifolium density and soybean’s pods per plant as y = -0.443x 39.453(R2=0.962;F=75.887;P=0.003); While the quadratic regression model as y=3027.810x2-54.395x 0.702(R2=0.972;F=34.843;P=0.028) was better for describing the relationship between P. lapathifolium as y=-23.458lnx 16.131(R2=0.9112;F=20.532;P=0.045) density and soybean yield; while the logarithmic regression model was better for describing the relationship between P. lapathifolium density and yield loss. Economic threshold of P. lapathifolium control was 1.42 plants /m2 for manual weeding , while for the chemical herbicides of 75% thifensulfuron WG, 80% flumetsulam WG,95% s-metolachlor EC were 1.88,1.82 and1.77 plants /m2, respectively. S[Conclusion] Herbicide application effectively and economically controlled P. lapathifolium in soybean fields.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Potato Germplasm Resources from Abroad Zhao Guanglei,Zhang Yakui,Wu Lingjuan and Wan Qunfang 2017, 33 (15):  21-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080019 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 339 ) The random amplified polymorphic DNA procedure (RAPD) was used to study the genetic diversity of potato varieties abroad, which were to clear the genetic relationship of these varieties and provide the theoretical basis for selecting and breeding of fine potato varieties. The genetic diversity of 24 potato varieties abroad were analyzed using 29 selected RAPD primers. The result showed that there were 165 bands amplified with 29 RAPD primers, in which 116 bands were polymorphic, and the polymorphic rate was 70.3%; The coefficients of genetic similarity among 24 potato varieties were ranged from 0.514 to 0.816, with an average of 0.667; The variety pairs with similarity coefficients less than 0.6 only accounted for 7.25%; 24 potato varieties could be divided into 2 classes and 6 subclasses. These results suggest that the genetic similarity is high and the genetic base is narrow among 24 potato varieties abroad.

  The Responses of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Sweet Sorghum to Mixed Organic Liquid Fertilizer Xu Weizhou,Shi Lei,Wang Xiaolin,Bo Yaojun,Zhou Li and Kang Furen 2017, 33 (15):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020084 Abstract + ( 1717 )   PDF ( 512KB )   ( 390 ) To clarify the effect of mixed organic liquid fertilizer on photosynthesis of forage crops in agro-pastoral ecotone of northern Shaanxi, the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Sorghum bicolor were investigated after fertilization four concentration BMW solutions (i.e. B1, B2, B3 and B4 is each for 600, 400, 200 and 100 dilution times of BMW solution) and three concentration Aidoora solutions (i.e. A1, A2 and A3 is each for 1000, 500 and 300 dilution times of Aidoora solution) under potted experiment conditions. The results showed that: moderate levels of mixed organic liquid fertilizer significantly increased the maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), active photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP) and apparent electron transport rate (ETR), but significantly decreased the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in leaves of Sorghum bicolor under most single liquid fertilizer or mixed liquid fertilizer conditions, and the effects of mixed liquid fertilizer were more significant than single liquid fertilizer, which indicated that mixed organic liquid increased the PSII photochemical efficiency and apparent electron transport rate, but decreased the non-radiative energy dissipation. These results suggested that B2A2 was the most suitable mixed organic liquid fertilizer of the BMW and Aidoora solutions, and it could improve the PSII photochemical activity in the seedling leaves of Sorghum bicolor.

  Empirical Analysis of Yield Influencing Factors of Zhang Hybrid Millet——A Case Study of Pianguan County, Shanxi Province Wang Guirong,Wang Huijun,Zhang Xinshi,Shang Dan,Li Min,Hu Ling and Li Xin 2017, 33 (15):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100064 Abstract + ( 563 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 288 ) This paper taking the Pianguan County of Shanxi Province as an example, the decisive factors influencing the high yield of Zhang Hybrid millet are studied in depth, and the data of Zhang hybrid millet in Pianguan County are modeled by the multivariate linear model.The results showed that planting time, planting pattern, cost, investment of agricultural facilities and bird damage had significant effects on hybrid millet yield.The related suggestions were put forward from the perspectives of planting pattern, technical level and personnel training in view of the main problems.

  Regeneration and Transformation of ‘Jingyao’ Strawberry: Some Influencing Factors Xiang Fayun,Han Yongchao,Zeng Xiangguo,Zhang Qinghua,Chen Fengying and Gu Yucheng 2017, 33 (15):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060067 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 684KB )   ( 325 ) In this paper, strawberry investigated for factors affecting the regeneration of adventitious bud. We established the plant regeneration of “Jingyao” strawberry with leaf. The results showed that the optimum callus inducing medium of the petioles from Jingyao was MS TDZ 2.0 mg / L 2,4-D 0.05 mg / L and the regeneration of adventitious buds rate was 79.17%. Factors on Agrobacterium tumifaciens-mediated gene transfer was discussed in detail.The optional concentration of kanamycin to strain fungus was 30 mg/L and of carbenicillin was 450 mg/L.Transient expression radio of GUS improved by adding of 150 μmol/L AS to medium.The ideal time for leaves dipping in Agrobacterium was 10-15min and the optional co-cultivation was 3 days. Kanamycin -resistant shoots regenerated with the radio of 1.1were preliminarily identified as transgenin shoots.

  Stability Analysis, Isolation and Purification of Antimicrobial Protein From Brevibacillus laterosporus BL-21 Zhang Miao,Zhou Limei,Xu Deyang and Du Chunmei 2017, 33 (15):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110071 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 982KB )   ( 399 ) To clarify the type of antimicrobial substance produced by Brevibacillus laterosporus BL-21, the stability of the fermentation liquor was analyzed, and the active ingredients were isolated and purified based on this. The thermostability, pH stability and protease stability of antimicrobial metabolites from B laterosporus BL-21 were detected by cylinder plate method. The antimicrobial substances were isolated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM- Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and SDS- PAGE. The results showed that the antimicrobial substance produced by B laterosporus BL-21 was stable below 50℃, its antifungal activity was the best at pH 7-8, and it was sensitive to protease. Several antimicrobial components were isolated from the fermentation liquor, the molecular weight of one of the components was about 20.1 kDa. Fermentation liquor of B. laterosporus BL-21 could inhibit the growth of Alternaria solani and Bacillus cereus, so it was valuable for the research on its application potentiality in the field of biological control.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Fraxinus velutina smh1 Gene Coding Region Zhang Dongjie,Yan Liping,Wu Qichao,Liu Cuilan,Wang Yinhua and Wu Dejun 2017, 33 (15):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120077 Abstract + ( 619 )   PDF ( 729KB )   ( 327 ) To study the function of Fraxinus velutina smh1 telomere binding protein gene in telomere and regulation mechanismin in the process of plant growth and development, we clone and analysis Fraxinus velutina smh1 telomere binding protein gene. By selecting Fraxinus velutina seedling as experiment material and based on the transcriptome Unigene data which gained by Illumina HiSeq 2000 high throughput sequencing technology, this experiment choose RT-PCR method to clone Fraxinus velutina smh1 Gene Coding Region and to make bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that a sequence of Fraxinus velutina smh gene coding region was cloned successfully. Gene coding region length is 879bp, encoding 292 amino acids with a mass of 31.66 kDa, pI of 6.5, atoms to the total number4457, molecular formula C1371H2242N392O439S13. Conserved Domains database analyzed the protein conserved domains and the result shows that this protein sequence have the typical structures of plant Smh telomere binding protein subfamily including the Myb like domain located at the N-terminal and the middle histone H1/5 like domain. Carrying on constructing phylogenetic trees between FvSmh1 and other telomere binding protein which contain telobox shows that both SMH telomere binding protein and TRF1, TRF2 belong to a same branch and have close relationship with each other. From the analysis above, it is inferred that the cloned Fraxinus velutina smh1 gene may play an important role in maintaining the structure and function of the plant telomere.

  Effect of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Combined with Biological Agents on Soil Fertility and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Mao Jiawei,Yang Lijun,Zhang Xiang,Li Liang,Si Xianzong and Wu Junlin 2017, 33 (15):  56-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060031 Abstract + ( 597 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 294 ) In order to explore the effects of biological agents application on flue-cured tobacco, the effects of reduced nitrogen fertilizer application combined with biological agents (RN&BA) on soil fertility and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that RN

  Synergy of Polyaspartic Acid in Plant Nutrient Solution Wang Yaoqiang,Zhu Wenlong,Zheng Kai,Li Guoyi,Deng Weijie,Duan Shuaihong and Cao Hui 2017, 33 (15):  62-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060048 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 878KB )   ( 365 ) [Objective]In order to release the nutrient elements of solution sustainablely and controllably , improve plant nutrition liquid fertilizer and hydroponic crop yields, reduce the cost of hydroponic, a new fertilizer synergist-polyaspartic acid (PASP) was added to the plant nutrition solution, investigating the effects on the growth of hydroponic plants.[Method]Using hydroponic nutrient film technique (NEF) and the balanced nutrient solution formula as the blank control group,hydroponic nutrient solution and green-house soilless culture expansion tests were conducted on Chinese cabbage and celery with different polyaspartic acid(PASP) dosages. [Result]The results showed that the nutrition solution with a certain amount of PASP had great effects on the growth of Chinese cabbage and celery, and could well reduce the content of nitrate in vegetable hydroponics. Drying weight of 30d-cultivated hydroponic cabbage in the laboratory increased 9.51 %. Compared with the control group, nitrate content decreased 50.93 %; VC content has an increase of 1.86 times. Celery’s wet weight per plant increased 45.07% and dry weight per plant increased 46.29 %. Nitrate content, compared with the control group ,dropped by 29.94 %, VC content is 1.27 times of the control group. The wet weight of green-house hydroponic celery 30d-cultivated increased 8.5 % and the dry weight increased by 19.5 %. [Conclusion]The solution with a certain amount of PASP will increase the production of hydroponic vegetables and improve the quality of vegetables. A large number of experments showed that 1.5 % PASP is the best dosage.

  The Occurrence and Control of Vitrification Shoots of Populous suaveolens in Vitro Regenerative Culture Zhao Xinwen and Liang Dejun 2017, 33 (15):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110139 Abstract + ( 527 )   PDF ( 756KB )   ( 310 ) The vitrification of populous suaveolens was found during tissue culture. The influence factors on the reversion of vitrification were studied using orthogonal experimental design, include culture illumination, concentration of sucrose and agar. The results showed that concentration of sucrose have significant influence on the the reversion of vitrification, while the concentration of agar and the culture illumination have little. The rate of reversion can reach the highest 100% in the medium that added 9g/L sucrose, 20g/L agar, and with the culture illumination 3000lx. As a result, it is concluded that the medium adding higher concentration of sucrose would have great effect on the reversion of populous suaveolens.

  Influence of Cultivation Medium on Yield and Nutrient Composition of the First Tide Mushroom Chai Meiqing,Li Qing,Han Pengyuan,Zhao Yi,Li Yunxia,Zhang Suofeng and Yao Yusheng 2017, 33 (15):  76-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060012 Abstract + ( 561 )   PDF ( 617KB )   ( 389 ) This experiment select mushroom K5 as experimental material and sets four kinds of cultivation medium including hardwood,mulberry trees,apple trees and jujube trees,and each medium set three treatment levels of nitrogen content.We attempt to study the influence of different cultivation medium to the yield and nutrient composition of the first tide mushroom through testing and analyzing the yield and the content of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The result indicates that four kinds of fruit trees can be used as the cultivation medium of mushroom, and the production and the biological efficiency of the jujube C and mulberry A are higher than others.But when the mulberry trees as the cultivation medium,the mushroom-stick began to shrink after the first tide,and it is not conducive to the late fruiting.The nutritional including the organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium of the jujube C are at a higher level,therefore,jujube trees can be used instead of the traditional hardwood as the cultivation medium in the mushroom substitute cultivation.

  Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Isatis indigotica Fort in Eastern Gansu Province Yang Fuhong,Bao Guojun,Wang Haiyan and He Yongbo 2017, 33 (15):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090069 Abstract + ( 445 )   PDF ( 583KB )   ( 257 ) In this paper, in order to get the best Nitrogen and Phosphorus fertilizer rate,we study the effects of different treatments of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on growth and yield of Isatis indigotica Fort in the eastern Gansu province. The results showed that the each treatments’ leaf length,leaf width and leaf number exhibited a trend of “to decrease after the first increase, and again the second time increase” in the whole growth period.Both root length and root diameter were showed a increase trend of “fast-slow” in the whole growth stages.The treatment two leaf length and root length is longest in the six treatments,which is 33.6cm and 24.4cm respectively.Treatment five leaf width,leaf number and root diameter is largest in the six treatments,which is 8.6cm,21.2 and 2.16cm respectively.Variance analysis showed that treatment two leaf yield and biological yield and treatment five root output is largest in the six treatments,and Compared to others treatments were extremely significant differences under the 5% level.The leaf yield and biological yield of Treatment two is 0.112kg and 16.77kg respectively,the root output of treatment five is 0.056kg. According to the yield of leaf and root,treatment five is the best choice.

  Variation Characteristics of Heating Energy Consumption in Heilongjiang Under Climate Warming Zhu Hongrui,Liu Henan,Zhang Hongling,Yin Changjiao and Wang Chunhua 2017, 33 (15):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060103 Abstract + ( 576 )   PDF ( 1053KB )   ( 325 ) Based on the daily mean air temperature data of 62 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2015, the spatial and temporal variations of heating indexes in Heilongjiang are analyzed by using climate tendency rate, accumulative anomaly, Mann Kendall test and the establish multiple linear regression model. The results show that, since 1961, the first heating day in Heilongjiang is significantly delay, the last heating day is significantly ahead of schedule, winter in Heilongjiang became warmer and warmer and heating duration shorter and shorter, the heating intensity for winter heating decrease about 498.4℃. The heating intensity decrease gradually from north to south and the zonal distribution is quite obvious. All areas of Heilongjiang show a decreasing trend, and the rate of change is between -50～-169℃.d. (10a)-1. The mutation of heating intensity occurs in 1988, after the mutation the heating intensity significantly decrease. Under the global warming, the energy consumption per unit area for winter heating decrease year by year, the heating cost is reduced and the energy is saved. By using statistical models between the heating intensity and air temperature, it can be estimated that with the temperature increase 1℃, the heating energy consumption will decrease about 3.9%.

  Research Progress of Relative Characteristics of Sweet Sorghum Biofuels Wang Ronghua,Li Hongxia,Zhang Wenbin and Liu Naixin 2017, 33 (15):  91-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020025 Abstract + ( 435 )   PDF ( 601KB )   ( 415 ) This paper reviewed the research progress on comprehensive characters relative to biofuels of sweet sorghum, such as roots, leaves, stems, flowering, plant height, tillering, QTL molecular level, storage after harvest and bioconversion efficiency, etc, to provide a reference for the development of sweet sorghum for biofuel production.

  Analysis ofAgricultural Wetland EcologicalService Value and Environmental EconomicLost in Zhengzhou Xu Tingting,Bai Baoxun,Zhang Guoguo,Chen Donghai,Qiao Yuying,Zhang Huijuan and Dai Keyan 2017, 33 (15):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070099 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 640KB )   ( 271 ) This paper collected the data and information of zhengzhou agricultural wetland to study the ecology value on fishery and planting of wetland, environmental economic loss and net value. Ｒesults from this study showed that: Economic value of agricultural wetland ecosystem services was about 3.03466 billion yuan. The direct economic value accounted for 62.4%, indirect economic valueaccounted for 11.7%, ecological environmental value accounted for 25.9%. The high to low sequence of ecological environmental value of the five index value is: water supply, pollutant degradation, nitrogen fixation and oxygen release, improve microclimate, matter accumulation. This study also make the adverse effect of the agricultural production to monetize environmental impact assessment, the environmental economic loss is 1.01642 billion yuan.

  Effect of Different Relay Intercropping Patterns on Soil Fertility and Economic Benefits in Southwest China Liu Xin,Chen Xiaorong,Yong Taiwen,Song Chun,Liu Weiguo,Wang Xiaochun,Yang Feng,Wu Xiaoling and Yang Wenyu 2017, 33 (15):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060075 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 903KB )   ( 359 ) To explore the effect of different crop arrangements on the economic benefits and yearly soil fertility, and aims to find a low input and high output relay intercropping patterns. The research used a randomized complete block design experiment to research soil fertility, yield and economic benefit in four relay intercropping patterns (wheat/maize/soybean, wheat/maize/sweet potato, wheat/sorghum/soybean and potato/maize/soybean). The soil nutrient maintained or improved after planting for continuous three years (except available K); the sweet potato stubble absorbed a large amount of total K and available K, therefore, the application of K fertilizer should be increased; the wheat/maize/potato got the maximum total yield, while the wheat/maize/soybean got the maximum soybean yield. There was no significant difference of wheat yield. The economic benefits of different patterns showed wheat/maize/soybean>potato/maize/soybean>wheat/maize/sweet potato>wheat/sorghum/soybean. Compared with other relay intercropping patterns, wheat/maize/soybean achieved the highest economic benefit (14196.41 yuan/ha) and the highest output-input ratio (3.69:1), moreover, soybean stubble can activate soil nutrient, therefore, wheat/maize/soybean can be regarded as the best crop arrangement for relay intercropping.

  Effect of Different Farming Modes on Greenhouse Soil Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Soil Secondary Salinization Jin Huixia,Chen Hanyu,Chen Jisuan and Zhang Kefeng 2017, 33 (15):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020078 Abstract + ( 594 )   PDF ( 916KB )   ( 366 ) Through the comparative experiment，four sorts of soils included greenhouse soil, secondary salinization soil, farmland and salted soils in Cixi suburb were investigated in order to verify the affect of farming modes on microbial community distribution and activities and on the cause of soil secondary salinization．The soil sampled from the layer of the land in 5-15cm depth. And the parameters such as diversity of microbial community, the soil properties, soil respiration in different soil sample were analyzed. Results showed that the farming mode has important effect on organic material, salinity and nitrate content in soil. Facility cultivation mode may help increase the organic matter content and microbial populations in short period, but lead to the soil salinity accumulating in more years. The open-air and greenhouse cropping pattern can help to increase the quantity and the sort of microbes in soil. Although the closed cultivation mode is good for the increase of soil microbial community, but the accumulation of soil salinity in layer soil causes the degradation of microbial species and capacity, thus causes salinization of soil. Therefore, open and closed alternate farming mode is a good choice for improving the rhizosphere soil environment for different type and degree saline-alkali soil.

  Extreme Precipitation Event in Anhui: Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Its Dynamic Effect on Agricultural Production Fu Wei,Si Hongjun,Cheng Zhi and Liu Lei 2017, 33 (15):  117-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060072 Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 1009KB )   ( 352 ) [Objective] In order to reduce the loss of agricultural production brought from extreme precipitation event. [Method] Using the data of daily precipitation data of 17 cities in Anhui, the number of annual extreme precipitation event on 1965 ~ 2014 was counted by the centesimal value method. On this basis, the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation event (1988~ 2013) were analyzed by using the method of linear trend analysis and EOF analysis, and Based on the structural vector auto regression model in econometrics, take extreme precipitation event as a factor and build a new climate-economy model with output value of agriculture, gross domestic product and agricultural machinery gross power together, and then, using the means of impulse response functions and variance decomposition, the dynamic effect of extreme precipitation events on Agricultural production can be analyzed. [Result][Conclusion] The results show that: in nearly 50 years, 11.59 extreme precipitation event occurred each year on average in Anhui, no interannual variation trend, it showed d a diminishing scale from south to north. There were no interannual variation trends in all regions too. EOF analysis showed extreme precipitation event had two typical distributive characteristics in Anhui, first was coherently change in all regions and mid Anhui changed more than south and north, the center of change was the eastern part of Yangzi-Huai valley. Second was changed opposite, the center of change was southern mountains and center of along and north of Huaihe River. Both of two distributive characteristics appeared oscillatory variation in time, and in nearly 5 years, these two typical distributive characteristics manifest as consistent more occurred and more occurred in south, less occurred in north. The overall effect of extreme precipitation event on agricultural production was positive , the extent of effect is about 0.01 %, but the contributions ratio was quite low.

  Sunshine Hours in Shanxi: Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics Zhao Yongqiang,Wang Zhiwei and Li Haitao 2017, 33 (15):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060074 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 1537KB )   ( 290 ) Based on sunshine hours data of 109 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2010 in Shanxi, the authors used the methods of climate tendency rate analysis, M-K mutation detection and spatial interpolation, spatio-temporal variation characteristics of sunshine hours in Shanxi were analyzed. The results showed that: seasonal, annual, and decadal sunshine hours were decreased with an average rate of -64.16 h/10 a; sunshine hours in was summer the most, in winter was the least, seasonal changes in summer declined was maximum, in spring was minimum; monthly sunshine hours was unimodal, the maximum appeared in May; annual and seasonal sunshine hours happened mutation in 1987 from more to less; the annual sunshine hours decreased from north to south, north and middle was more than south; most of the region showed a decreasing trend, the individual area increased, of which, annual sunshine hours in Lucheng had biggest declines with the rate of 207.7 h/10 a.

  Control Effect of Abamectin·methoxyfenozide 10% SC and Other Insecticides Against Rice Chilo suppressalis Walkers Gu Guowei,Zhang Huaijie,Ling Xiaoming and Feng Xinjun 2017, 33 (15):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010062 Abstract + ( 1233 )   PDF ( 546KB )   ( 623 ) Insecticides resistance in C. suppressalis has been aggravated year by year, which may easily lead to the outbreak of disaster pests. It is necessary to carry out the research to curb the spread and hazard. [Methods]To screen out the most effective insecticides, six insecticides were used to control the rice stem borer on single cropping late rice. The control effects of all the treatments were investigated when the pest damage was stable. [Results] The results showed that abamectin?methoxyfenozide 10% SC (80 mL/667 m2) was most effective to control the rice stem borer; The control effect of offlufiprole 5% EC (100 mL/667m2), abamectin?flufiprole 5% EC (50 mL/667m2), abamectin 5% ME (50 mL/667 m2) and triazophos 40% EC (65 mL/667m2) were not satisfying, while control effect of emamectin-benzoate?indoxacarb 10% WG (10 g/667m2) was the worst. [Conclusion] Abamectin?methoxyfenozide 10% SC has been screened out, which can temporally replace Chlorantraniliprole to effectively control the rice stem borer.

  Processing Technology and Quality of Low-fluoride Brick-tea Li Lanying,Wang Yun,Yao Yu,Ma Weiwei,Li Chunhua,Zhang Ting and Liu Fei 2017, 33 (15):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060037 Abstract + ( 658 )   PDF ( 534KB )   ( 342 ) Abstract: In order to promote the quality of brick tea and effectively reduce the fluoride content in brick tea, the fluoride content in one bud and five leaves of 25 tea varieties was determined by the method of fluoride-ion specific electrode. The results showed that the content of fluoride of the varieties were 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, among which the fluoride content from ‘Zhongcha 302’ was the lowest in 25 tea varieties. On the basis of the traditional production process of brick tea, optimized three new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with raw materials of one bud and five leaves from ‘Zhongcha 302’. The fluoride content, physicochemical index, sensory analysis and main chemical contents of the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing technology of low-fluoride brick-tea was the third one, that includes fresh leaves，placing of green leaves，fixing，rolling，second fixing，second rolling，sunning，pile-fermentation，steaming，pile-fermentation，drying，shaping brick by vapor treating The results showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea samples of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accord with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory analysis of the brick tea samples were better than traditional brick tea. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble of the brick tea samples were increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23%, 15.29%. Selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tenderness of fresh leaves, and optimizing processing techniques could produce low-fluoride brick tea.

  Processing Technology of Camellia sinensis Seed Unsaturated Fatty Acids Duan Yifan,Gong Zhihua,Zhu Haiyan,Liu Linfeng,Li Guowu and Xiao Wenjun 2017, 33 (15):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090049 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 345 ) UseStheSseedsSofSdifferentSteaSvarietiesSasStheSrawSmaterials,Schoosing naturally dried on the basis of optimal screening drying technology, shelling and drying to enough status, with the index of the rateSofSextractingSunsaturatedSfattySacid,StheSresult,SbasingSonStheSextractionSpressure,SextractionStemperatureSandSextractionStime,SshowsSthatStheSnewStechniqueSofSextractingSunsaturatedSfattySacidSwithStheSconditionSofStheSsupercriticalSCO2SisSoptimized.STheSorthogonalSexperimentsSandSconfirmatorySexperimentsScanSproveStheSconclusion.AsStheSresult,StheSthreeSfactorsS(theSextractionSpressure,StheSextractionStemperatureSandStheSextractionStime)ShaveSdifferentSlevelsSofSimpactsSonStheSrateSofSextractingSunsaturatedSfattySacid;StheSextractionStemperatureShasStheSmostSsignificantSimpactsS(PS2SflowSaroundS20StoS30SkilogramSperShour,SandSaStimeSperiodSofS165Sminutes),StheSrateSofSextractingSunsaturatedSfattySacidSisS8.77%SandStheSpuritySisS80.30%.SComparingSwithStheSresultsSofSSoxhletSextractingSmethodS(theSrateSofSextractingSunsaturatedSfattySacidSisS6.02%SandStheSpuritySisS79.67%),StheSrateSofSextractingSunsaturatedSfattySacidShasSincreasedSbyS2.75%SandStheSpurityShasSincreasedSbyS0.63%.SS

  The Wavelength Selection of Reducing Sugar Quantitatively Determined by DNS Method Liao Xiangbing,Chen Xiaoming,Xiao Wei,Zhang Xianghui and Tian Jia 2017, 33 (15):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020094 Abstract + ( 2010 )   PDF ( 2224KB )   ( 455 ) The aim is to get the optimum determination wavelength of reducing sugar quantitatively determined by DNS method. The samples were scanned by UV visible spectrophotometer, and then the absorbance and the concentration of reducing sugar were linearly fitted and analyzed at each wavelength. And to verify whether the wavelength selection is reasonable, the RSD of 10-time scan results of the same sample was analyzed. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficient (R2) of glucose was very close to R2 max at 520 nm ( R2 520 ≈ R2 max ). In the range of 520-580 nm, R2 was stable at 0.9998 and the slope decreases with the increase of wavelength. R2 of galactose was also very close to the R2 max at 520 nm ( R2 520 ≈ R2 max ). In the range of 520- 580 nm, R2 and the slope also decreased with the increase of wavelength. The results of RSD analysis of the same sample showed RSD520≈RSDmin. In addition, the absorbance value of control group was stable in the range of 480-580 nm, while the absorbance value of the experimental group fluctuated significantly in the short wavelength range, the smaller the wavelength, the greater the fluctuation. The results showed that the better linear relationship and resolution could be got at 520 nm, which was verified by the verified experiment of the same sample. The absorbance fluctuation of the experimental group showed that it was unreasonable to choose a shorter wavelength; it also showed that the light absorbing group of the newly formed amino compound was different from the original light absorbing group of the DNS.

  Influence of Different Temperatures of Controlled Freezing Point on Physiology andQuality of Hawthorn Fruit Li Chao,Wang Liang,Zhao Meng,Jiao Xuan and Wang Chunsheng 2017, 33 (15):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110016 Abstract + ( 670 )   PDF ( 721KB )   ( 300 ) To prolong fresh-keeping period of hawthorn fruits, improve storage quality, and screen proper temperature parameter of controlled freezing point, the authors studied the changes of post-harvest physiology and quality of‘Open’hawthorn fruits under four storage temperatures such as common freezing (0±0.5)℃, - 0.4℃, -1.0℃, and -1.6℃. The results showed that the treatment of -1.0℃ reduced generation rate and the maximum generation quantity of ethylene in hawthorn fruit, slowed down the decline of fruit hardness, contents of titratable acid (TA) and vitamin C (Vc), efficiently restricted accumulation of MDA in fruit, lessened the increase of PPO activity and the decline of phenols in the late period of storage. In addition, the treatment postponed physiological aging process of hawthorn fruit and maintained excellent storage quality. While, after 160 days of storage, the peak value of ethylene release increased significantly in the hawthorn fruits under the temperatures of controlled freezing point of - 1.6℃ , titratable acid (TA) and vitamin C (Vc) were rapidly degraded, the content of MDA significantly increased, PPO activity rose obviously and the contents of phenols rapidly decreased. All of these accelerated the browning speed of fruit, characteristics of physiological harm were obvious, and the quality was seriously deteriorated. In conclusion, under the temperature of controlled freezing point of -1.0℃, physiological metabolism of hawthorn fruit was efficiently restricted and there was no physiological harm, so storage effect was the best.

  The Optimal Scale of Bond Financing of New Rural Financial Organizations——From the Perspective of Service Li Xiaohe 2017, 33 (15):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1811 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 609KB )   ( 457 ) With the gradually developing of all types of new rural financial organizations, the regulators have been more pressure, asked to relax control and expand them financing ability. But as international experience showed, following the growth financial capacity, this kind of financial organization have to deviate or give up the aim of servicing the farmers and small and medium enterprises. On the base of private information, a limited supply theory model is constructed in this paper. It can be used to answer the question of what is the optimal financial scale of this kind of organization. The conclusions as following: each of them can only service limited vulnerable group, have only limited supply capacity; with excessive increase of financial ability, this kind of organization will reduce the size of the loan service to vulnerable groups, such as ‘SanNong’; in contrast, the direct selling is better than the underwriting on bond financing, because the direct selling can help to improving the financial coverage; because of the lack of private information ,if the financing objects are restrained, the bond financing will be very difficult.