Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.14 Published:25 May 2017

  Impacts of Artificial Lodging at Grain Filling Stage on Rice Growth and Yield 杨连新 and 2017, 33 (14):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080063 Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 381 ) Rice plants of Nipponbare and L81 were grown in cement pool filled with paddy soil, and artificial lodging was induced at 20 days after heading or 10 days after heading. [Objective] The impacts of artificial lodging at different grain filling stages on rice growth, grain yield, yield components, and dry matter production and distribution were investigated. [Result] The artificial lodging treatments of 20 days after heading and 10 days after heading decreased the grain yield of Nipponbare by 8% (p>0.1) and 20% (p<0.01), and that of L81 by 21% (p<0.01) and 29% (p<0.01), respectively. The number of panicle per unit area and spikelet number per panicle were not influenced by artificial lodging, but rice grain filling capacity was greatly reduced. The treatments of 20 days after heading and 10 days after heading significantly decreased the full-filled grain percentage of Nipponbare by 8% and 16%, and that of L81 by 16% and 21%, respectively. Sim-ilar but less treatment effects were detected on full-filled grain weight and the average weight of all grains. Sig-nificant variety by treatment interactions (20 days after heading or 10 days after heading) were detected on full-filled grain percentage. Two treatments of artificial lodging significantly reduced total dry weight and the dry weight of each aerial organ, and the biggest reduction was 31% (p<0.01). On the contrary, the effects of artificial lodging on the dry matter distribution of two cultivars, in particular L81, depended on the treatment time: the treatment of L10 reduced the proportion of biomass distributed in the reproductive organs, but the treatments of 20 days after heading showed the opposite trend. [Conclusion] The experimental results show that the impacts of lodging during grain filling stage on rice grain yield varied with rice varieties and the time of lodging. The yield loss caused by lodging mainly associated with the decrease in grain filling capacity, especially the full-filled grain percentage, the latter may be related to the decrease in leaf photosynthetic capacity during grain filling stage.

  High Yield and Efficient Use of Late Sowing and Early-maturing Winter Wheat New Cultivar‘Hengke6021’ 孙书娈,李慧敏,孟祥海,李丁,赵明辉 and 赵凤梧 2017, 33 (14):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100115 Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 482 ) To clarify high-yield and high-efficient cultivation techniques for late sowing and early-maturing winter wheat new cultivar‘Hengke6021’, and to explore its combination with“Double Late- Cropping System”, the effects of sowing date and planting density on the yield and its components of this cultivar were studied. The experiment used a split plot design including 5 sowing dates and 6 planting densities. The experiment was conducted at Shenzhou Research Station (37°44′N, 115°42′E) in Hebei Province during 2014- 2015. The results showed that: (1) the sowing date affected the spike number per unit area, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield significantly, but did not affect the kernels per spike obviously, late sowing increased spike number, which was the base for high yield, and was suitable for“Double Late-Cropping System”, the planting density affected both grain yield and its components significantly; (2) the yield increased first, and then decreased along with the sowing date’s delaying, and increased with the planting density’s increase, the spike number per unit area increased along with sowing date’s delaying and planting density’s increase, the kernels per spike had no significant differences at different sowing dates, but it decreased with planting density’s increase, the 1000- kernel weight decreased along with sowing date’s delaying and planting density’s increase. Under one irrigation in spring, the suitable sowing date of‘Hengke6021’was October 12-25th, the best sowing date of‘Hengke6021’was October 17-21th, and the planting densities were 3.3×106-3.9×106/hm2. Combining with“Double Late-Cropping System”, the whole-year yield could reach 20221.85 g/hm2.

  Physiological Responses of Hybrid Millet Variety‘Zhangzagu 3’to Simulated Drought Stress by PEG 2017, 33 (14):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010051 Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 1398KB )   ( 366 ) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological response characteristics and drought resistance of hybrid millet variety ‘Zhangzagu 3’ under the drought stress condition simulated by PEG.The results will expand the way of agricultureal development in Chinese arid areas and provide support for the hybrid millet cultivation generalization in agricultural production system of rain-fed area. The physiological and biochemistry indexes, such as leaf chlorophyll, free proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) , were compared in four cultivars of ‘Zhangzagu 3’, Parental 1, Parental 2 and conventional millet variety ‘8311’ under the different PEG-6000 solution concentrations. Chlorophyll contents of leave in four millet varieties were significantly decreased under the simulated drought conditions with different PEG osmotic stress concentrations and ‘Zhangzagu 3’ was the smallest. Free proline content of leave in four varieties seedling were sharply increased with stress level. MDA contents in leave of the four millet varieties increased with the drought stress aggravation and ‘Zhangzagu 3’ was the smallest. Activities of SOD in four kind seedlings were increased with worsening drought and the activities of SOD under 20% and 30% PEG-6000 concentration were rapidly enhanced and ‘Zhangzagu 3’ was the largest increase varity. The adaptabilities of four tested materials were different under drought stress. For drought tolerance ‘Zhangzagu 3’ was the strongest, ‘8311’ the second, and the Parental 2 the last.

  Fiber Yield and Quality Traits and Their Correlation Analysis of Cotton Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines Population (BC7F2) from Gossypium hirsutum L.× Gossypium barbadense L. 2017, 33 (14):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010007 Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 472 ) The aims are to reveal the relationship between fiber yield and quality traits of cotton chromosome segment substitution lines (BC7F2), and select the new materials with excellent fiber quality. The cotton chromosome segment substitution lines (BC7F2) from Gossypium hirsutum L.× Gossypium barbadense L. were used as materials. Fiber yield and quality traits of advanced backcross populations BC7F2 were evaluated and analyzed using partial correlation. The results showed that the average values of the traits in the populations were near to that of the recurrent parent‘Zhongmiansuo 36’, and the abundant genetic variations existed in populations. The transgressive segregation over the recurrent parent‘Zhongmiansuo 36’was 30.25%, 71.25%, 29.38% for fiber length, fiber strength and lint percentage, respectively. Boll weight was very significantly positive-correlated with fiber micronaire and fiber uniformity. Lint percentage was negatively correlated with fiber length and fiber strength of the top half, while lint percentage was very significantly negative-correlated with boll weight. Plenty of individual plants with superior fiber quality were selected. The average length of the top half fiber was more than 30.00 mm, and fiber strength was more than 31.00 cN/tex.

  Starch Phosphorylase Prokaryotic Expression and Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies 2017, 33 (14):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060044 Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 1460KB )   ( 392 ) The aims are to express starch phosphorylase in vitro, and prepare monoclonal antibodies in immunized mice. Starch phosphorylase genes of cassava were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector (pET28a), the starch phosphorylase was expressed in E. coli and then purified. The purified starch phosphorylase was used to immunize Babl/c mice and the titer of mice serum was determined by indirect ELISA. Mouse spleen cells and murine SP2/0 cells were fused, and then hybridoma cell lines which could produce starch phosphorylase monoclonal antibody were prepared, the subtypes and stability of antibody were detected. Recombinant plasmid in E.coli could express starch phosphorylase efficiently, SP2/0 cells and spleen cells of 3# mice were fused, then 15 strains with antibody titer more than 105 were obtained, and the antibodies could against starch phosphorylase stably, and there was no cross reaction with calmodulin and bovine serum albumin, in which 13 strains were IgG type, and 2 strains were very stable. The monoclonal antibody of starch phosphorylase had high titer, strong specificity, and good stability, it could provide a basis for starch phosphorylase study on cassava.

  The Interaction Between SFB and S-RNase Protein Controlling Self-incompatibility in Xinjiang Wild Almond (Prunus tenella Batsch.) 2017, 33 (14):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120056 Abstract + ( 585 )   PDF ( 1450KB )   ( 350 ) The yeast two-hybrid system was used to study the interaction between pollen SFB and column SRNase protein of self-incompatibility in Xinjiang wild almond. Taking anther from Xinjiang wild almond as material, according to the experimental requirements and structure characteristics of gene, the cloned genes SFB andS-RNase were truncated and then used to construct the yeast two hybrid recombinant expression vectors. The results showed that the yeast two hybrid recombinant expression vectors were constructed successfully. There was no interaction between PtSFB17 protein and PtS16-RNase protein or PtS17-RNase protein. Based on the above, it was presumed that PtS16-RNase protein and PtS17-RNase protein were not in the identification spectrum of PtSFB17 protein. Collaborative non-self recognition system was also in Xinjiang wild almond. There was no interaction between PtSFB17 protein and PtS16-RNase protein or PtS17-RNase protein of self incompatibility in Xinjiang wild almond.

  Effect of Water Stress on Physiological Activity of Pinus tabulaeformis 2017, 33 (14):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010046 Abstract + ( 544 )   PDF ( 1193KB )   ( 370 ) The paper aims to study the physiological responses of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings to water stress and discuss drought resistance mechanism. In the present investigation, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of Pinus tabulaeformis needles were analyzed and determined. Needles obtained from 3 years seedlings which were planted in the flowerpots. With water controlling, the soil water content of each treatment was established (T1: over 20%; T2: 10.1%-20%; T3: 5.1%-10%; T4: under 5%). The activities of SOD and PPO were determined by colorimetric analysis every 3 days. The results showed that: along with the stress time, the SOD activity increased at first and reached the maximum on the 6th day, then decreased, while there was a rebound phenomenon on the 12th day. Under the same time of drought stress, the SOD activity showed no significant difference among T1, T2 and control group, while those of T3 and T4 were significantly lower than that of the control treatment (P <0.05). The PPO activity increased first then decreased with water stress time. The PPO activity of T1 decreased after 9 days, while that of T2, T3 and T4 decreased after 12 days. It proved that Pinus tabulaeformis had stronger self-repair ability and could repair itself in a short time when the soil water content was over 20%. The PPO activity increased along with the degree of water stress when soil water content was over 10%, while it decreased when soil water content was less than 10%, indicating that enzyme activity decreased when the water stress was excessive.

  Screening of Flue-cured Tobacco Float Seedling System in Linyi 2017, 33 (14):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050171 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 284 ) To achieve sustainable development of tobacco production, explore new types of substrate for the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and get rid of its dependence on peat soil substrate, in this paper, the influence of alternative substrate on the germination time, emergence rate, planting percent and the quality of tobacco seedlings is studied by taking local wheat straw, leftover bits and pieces of mushroom and coarse sand common in the place investigated as the raw materials and peat soil as the control group. The results showed that in the group of wheat straw substrate, the rate of emergence and part of the seedlings’ agronomic property were significantly different from CK, but the planting percent was basically the same; in the group of mushroom substrate, the emergence rate was consistent with CK, but there was no seedlings; and in the group of coarse sand substrate, the emergence rate, planting percent and agronomic property were superior to or in proximity to CK; The cost of all these three types of alternative substrate is lower than that of CK, among which the cost of coarse sand substrate is the lowest. Therefore, the substitution effect of coarse sand substrate is the best, so it could be properly publicized as an alternative to peat soil as the substrate formulation for floating seedling.

  Pigment Content of Colorful Fruits of Wenshan Capsicum annuum Cultivars in Ripening Period 2017, 33 (14):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070126 Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 1392KB )   ( 515 ) To reveal the chemical basis of diversity and peculiarity of fruit colors of Capsicum annuum cultivars cultivated in Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan Province, in ripening period, the chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (Car) and anthocyanin contents of the purple, red, golden and variegated C. annuum fruits collected during the ripening period were studied by using spectrophotometry. The results showed that, during the ripening period, the characteristics of the Chl a and Chl (a b) contents and Chl a/b and Chl (a b)/Car of the colorful fruits of the C. annuum cultivars cultivated in Wenshan were all as: the purple＞the variegated＞the red＞the golden, the characteristic of the Chl b content was as: the purple＞the variegated＞the golden＞the red, that of the Car content was as: the golden＞the red＞the variegated＞the purple, and that of the total anthocyanin content (TAC) was as: the purple＞the red＞the golden＞the variegated. Furthermore, the differences of the contents of the Chl a, Chl b and Chl (a b) of the fruits with the four colors all reached extremely significant levels, whereas the differences of the Car content and TAC did not. Thus, the color difference of the fruits of the C. annuum cultivars cultivated in Wenshan during the ripening period is mainly decided by the Chl contents, Chls and anthocyanins jointly contribute to the fruit purple, and the Car content determines the golden and red colors of the fruits. This study could provide a reference for studying fruits’coloration and the breeding of the cultivars with new fruit colors.

  Flowering Regulation in Hybrid Cymbidium by Orthogonal Experimental Design 2017, 33 (14):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060021 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 452 ) To provide a theoretical basis for flowering regulation of hybrid Cymbidium, the effects of 6-BA, GA3, spraying times and spraying interval on floral bud differentiation and flowering quality of hybrid Cymbidium‘Hongmeiren’were studied with an orthogonal experimental design. The results indicated that 6- BA GA3 facilitated the floral bud differentiation of hybrid Cymbidium, and the optimum treatment was 6-BA 200 mg/L GA3 200 mg/L spraying 2 times every 5 days, the number of flowering stalks were up to 6.42 per pot. 6-BA concentration was the most important factor influencing the number of flowering stalks per pot, followed by spraying interval, spraying times and GA3 concentration. Spraying times was the most important factor influencing the number of flowers per stalk, followed by GA3 concentration, 6-BA concentration and spraying intervals.

  Screening of the Best Lavandula angustifolia‘French Blue’Seed Soaking Way 2017, 33 (14):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070022 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 393 ) In this paper,soaking treatment with non-hormone and hormone of Lavandula angustifolia ‘French Blue’ seeds and their effect on seeds germination and seedling growth whether a more effective role in promoting was expored. Using 4 kinds of non-hormonal method, seeds soaked in cold water for 24h, 30℃ constant temperature water for 24h, acetic acid for 30 min, 1% NaOH for 15 min respectively, and 200,300,400,500,600mg/L of GA3 soaking treatment, without soaking seeds as control, observed the seeds germination rate and seedling growth.Then by comparing data of two groups, the best non-hormonal treatment as soaking pretreatment, combined with the optimal hormone concentration soaking without pretreatment, to select the most suitable seeds germination soaking method.The results showed that seeds germination and seedlings growth significantly promoted using cold water for 24h(P<0.05), inhibited using acetic acid and 1% NaOH, promoted significantly using GA3(P<0.01).The best GA3 concentration was 600 mg/L,but we found no significant effection on seed germination and seedling growth with cold water pretreatment before GA3 soaking seeds.So soaking can soften the seed coats to promote seeds germination and seedlings growth, but cold water soaking is not necessary before GA3 soaking.

  Soil Structure Effect of Conservation Tillage in Yellow Soil Slope Cropland in Southwest China 2017, 33 (14):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010082 Abstract + ( 939 )   PDF ( 1416KB )   ( 491 ) Effect of conservation tillage on soil structure of yellow soil was explored through setting two kinds of conservation tillage by continuous testing through 6 years to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation tillage technology application and development in yellow soil area in South China. [Method] Soil bulk density and soil aggregates were determined by ring-knife method and dry-wet sieve method. Soil mechanical composition was determined by MS2000 laser particle size analyzer, and soil porosity and aggregate failure rate were calculated. [Result]The results indicated that soil bulk density decreased and soil porosity increased in two kinds of conservation tillage of no-tillage with mulch(NTS) and sowed on ridges with mulch in furrows(LS). LS optimize the role of soil bulk density superior to NTS, and NTS optimized soil pore conditions effect is more pronounced for deeper levels of soil. The optimization process of conservation tillage on soil bulk density and soil porosity were gradually from surface to interior. Conservation tillage can increase the 0-20 cm layer of soil >0.25mm aggregate content. When it came to water stable aggregate content there"s no obvious difference between the three treatments but the content of 0-20cm layer of soil is slightly larger than 20-40cm layer. Conservation tillage can increase soil aggregate stability and reduce aggregate destruction and NTS have more significant effect to improve the stability of soil aggregates. [Conclusion] The experiment proved that the conservation tillage had some effect on the soil bulk density, porosity, aggregates and other structural traits of the yellow soil. The improvement was a very long process from the surface to the surface, which was the conservation tillage technology in the yellow soil region Application and development has laid a solid foundation.

  Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Enzymatic Activity and Nutrient Content of Tobacco Planting Soil in Centre Henan 2017, 33 (14):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010001 Abstract + ( 611 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 252 ) The paper aims to select the optimum organic fertilizer for tobacco planting soil in central Henan by analyzing the effect of different organic fertilizers on major soil enzyme activities and nutrition content. A field experiment was carried out with the same application amounts of chemical fertilizer and sesame cake fertilizer, four treatments were set up: (1) no organic fertilizer (CK); (2) refined-organic fertilizer, 1500 kg/hm2(T1); (3) organic fertilizer No.1, 600 kg/hm2(T2); and (4) compound-organic-bio-fertilizer, 1500 kg/hm2(T3). The results showed that soil sucrase and urease activity were significantly improved by the maximum value of 11.47 mg/(g·d) and 1.45 mg/(g·d), respectively, under T1 treatment, the available phosphorus and available potassium content were also elevated by the maximum value of 43.08 and 472 mg/kg, respectively. The soil available nitrogen content was significantly improved under T3 treatment, and reached 400 mg/kg in vigorous growth stage. At Xuchang tobacco area, the combined application of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer could obviously improve soil fertility, especially the treatment of refined-organic fertilizer or compound-organic-biofertilizer combined with sesame cake fertilizer.

  Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Under Organic Fertilizer Application in Farmland 2017, 33 (14):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070034 Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 612 ) The authors reviewed effects of organic fertilizer on improvement of soil fertility and yield in modern agriculture and its farmland application effect on nitrogen and phosphorus loss, the authors discussed farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss situation after the application of poultry manure, straw and biogas, as well as the technical and control measures against the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that the loss amount of nitrate nitrogen decreased at the initial stage of poultry manure application, but the loss amount increased with the increase of application time; long-term application of poultry manure could increase the amount of phosphorus in surface water and as well as in seepage. Straw could effectively reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland, the effects were different due to different straw types, returning methods and tillage methods. After the application of slurry, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaching water significantly increased, which caused water pollution. Mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus loss under organic fertilizer application should be studi ed as well as the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in different regions.

  Resistance of Oilseed Rape to Soil Cd: Research Progress 刘超 2017, 33 (14):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010048 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 1302KB )   ( 383 ) In recent years, the cadmium pollution is progressively serious with the rapid development of mineral industry and smelting, sewage irrigation, application of fertilizers and pesticides. The cadmium with strong toxicity is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, which not only affects the growth of plants, but also harms human and animals health through the food chains. Owing to the strong absorption and high tolerance to cadmium, oilseed rape has the potential to renovate the polluted soil. This paper aims to review and synthesize the information on the impacts of cadmium on oilseed rape from three aspects, Ⅰ the absorption, transport, accumulation and redistribution of cadmium in oilseed rape, Ⅱ impacts of cadmium on growth of rape, Ⅲ the tolerance mechanisms of rape on cadmium. It provides theoretical support of high efficiency planting and absorption of cadmium in cadmium-polluted farmland.

  Diagnostic Analysis of Rainstorm Associated with Typhoon“Rainbow”in the Autumn of 2015 2017, 33 (14):  87-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110105 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 2830KB )   ( 358 ) The paper aims to investigate the cause of the severe rainstorm caused by typhoon Rainbow in Guangxi in autumn of 2015, resulting in serious loss of the genesis of late rice. Based on the data of regional mesoscale automatic meteorological station, conventional ground station rainfall observation data and NCEP 6-hour objective analysis data (resolution 1 ° × 1 °, vertical direction 26 layers), using the method of synoptic diagnostic analysis, the typhoon Rainbow was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that: Typhoon Rainbow moved to the northwest along the edge of the 590 dagpm contour under the guidance of the subtropical high, and intensified in the coastal area, and the later circulation and terrain conditions favored typhoon strong precipitation; The first stage of strong rainfall typhoon based on ontology and its asymmetry structure, rainfall concentrated in the east of the typhoon jet convergence region. The second stage of precipitation was based on the interaction of residual vortex and high-altitude trough, ground convergence line, monsoon jet and cold air, and the rainfall concentrated in the east-south convergence region; The results showed that the uplifting effect of the topographic effect on the typhoon Rainbow had a significant effect on the growth of the two torrential rain centers in Daer-shan and Shitang - shan by changing a set of sensitivity experiments designed in the area. Typhoon Rainbow heavy rain caused serious waterlogging in the southeast, was an important reason for serious loss of late rice.

  Zhejiang Wuniu Early Spring Tea: The First Picking Day and Frost Risk Zonation 2017, 33 (14):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110055 Abstract + ( 680 )   PDF ( 1876KB )   ( 458 ) The paper aims to understand the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of Wuniu early spring tea during initial picking stage and reduce its risk of spring frost in Zhejiang. Based on 71 conventional stations’daily data in 1971-2014 and 2094 regional automatic weather stations’every hour data in 2005- 2014, we took the developmental heat of Wuniu early spring tea for picking as the beginning period index and the total loss rate of the freezing levels as the freezing frost index, applied with GIS technology, used inverse distance weighting method, to get the initial picking stage zoning map and distribution map of frost risk zoning of Wuniu early spring tea in Zhejiang. The results showed that: the initial picking stage of Wuniu early spring tea in Zhejiang was from early February to early March, the date increasing from south to north, and that of coastal area in Wenzhou was the earliest, that of the south of latitude 29°N was in mid-February, that of the north of 30°N was the latest. It was suitable for planting Wuniu early spring tea in coastal areas, basin and low hilly areas in Zhejiang; the higher the altitude, the higher the risk of spring frost was, so areas with high altitude was not suitable for planting Wuniu early spring tea. The zoning results provide important references for planting layout adjustment of Wuniu early spring tea.

  Diurnal Temperature Variation Characteristics of Urban and Rural Areas in Xi ’an 2017, 33 (14):  100-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070139 Abstract + ( 646 )   PDF ( 1694KB )   ( 468 ) Based on the observation data of temperature of four times a day in Xi’an and Xianyang from 1961-2013, the characteristics of annual and seasonal temperature, the variation of 6 hours temperature，and night-day temperature difference were analyzed by comparing the changes of temperature in Xi’an and Xianyang to study the impact of urbanization on the daily variation of surface air temperature. The results show that: (1) no matter what time, the temperature in Xi’an is higher than that in Xianyang and has an increasing trend, there is a maximum increasing rate (0.56℃/10 a) of temperature,is at 2 o’clock in the morning, and the change trend of temperature at 14 o’clock in Xi’an is consistent with that in Xianyang; (2) the amplitude of the temperature rise has been significantly increasing since the middle of 1990s, and the obvious change of temperature is in spring in Xi’an, then is in winter, and the minimum change is in summer; the warming trend in Xianyang compared with the trend of Xi’an is lag for 5-8 years, the variation of temperature of 6 hours is maximum from morning to noon, and minimum is from night to morning.

  Field Control Effect of Five Fungicides on Sclerotinia trifoliorum 2017, 33 (14):  109-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060132 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 334 ) In order to screen high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue fungicides onSclerotinia trifoliorum , improve the fresh grass yield ofmilk vetch , and establish the green and safe prevention and control system, the control effect of five fungicides and fresh grass yields were studied in field by the investigation ofSclerotinia trifoliorum . The results showed thatSclerotinia trifoliorum was very serious in field with the incidence rate of 88%. The selected five fungicides had good inhibition effect onSclerotinia trifoliorum , 50% Cantus WDG had the best control effect of 94.9%, 400g/L Mepanipyrim SC had the worst control effect of 55.2%. Fresh grass yield under fungicide treatment in full-bloom stage increased by 11%-31% comparing with that of CK. 50% Cantus WDG and 50% procymidone WP had better control effect, the results established a foundation for the safe use and demonstration and extension for these two kinds of fungicides.

  Residue Degradation Behavior of Cyprodinil in Strawberry 2017, 33 (14):  113-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080017 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 1355KB )   ( 272 ) The aim is to evaluate the residue behavior and environmental safety of cyprodinil applied in strawberry under facility cultivation. According to the trial standard of pesticide residue, we studied the degradation dynamics and final residue of cyprodinil applied in strawberry with the field test method. Based on the residual analysis results, the drug-use condition was adjusted in actual production, then the best safety interval was explored. The results showed that when the drug was applied one time with 800 times diluents, the degradation half- lives of cyprodinil in strawberry was 3.180 d. Along with the increase of application concentration and application times, the final residue of cyprodinil and dietary risk increased, thus the safety interval should be appropriately extended.

  Bioactive-feed Fermented by Food Waste Affecting Growth Performance and Fecal Microorganism of Pigs 杨传伦,傅东海,秦森 and 刘影 2017, 33 (14):  117-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060094 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 260 ) This study was conducted to bioactive-feed fermented by food waste on growth performance and fecal microorganism of Pigs. A total 36 of growing Pigs (Duroc x Landrace X Yorkshire),weighted about 25kg,were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experiment last 91d. The control group diet was basal diet and the test group diet was basal diet added 30% bioactive-feed fermented by food waste. The result showed: the test group tended to improve average daily gain ( ADG)by 9.38 % and the feed conversion ratio of the test group was decreased by 9.12%（P＜0.05）in the total trial. It can also increasing Laetobacillus wllile reducing E coli. The trial results indicated that the bioactive-feed fermented by food waste can improve pigs'' growth performance and the miero-ecological environment.

  Induced Expression and Identification of Recombinant Protein of Bovine Inhibin pET32a-matpeptide 2017, 33 (14):  121-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060051 Abstract + ( 1308 )   PDF ( 1715KB )   ( 439 ) To expressed and purified good immune original of Bovine Recombinant Inhibin pET32a-matpeptide protein, the research induced and expressed Inhibin recombinant protein by determining the induction time, temperature and IPTG induced concentration, through the restructuring of the small protein expression to determine the target protein to soluble and inclusion body protein exists, by the recombinant protein expression to purify the target protein and by Western blot to identify the protein"s immunogenicity. The results showed that the use of 1MIPTG, 18℃ to induce the expression of 18h was induced to express the recombinant inhibin protein, the recombinant protein epsilon expression for determining protein exists in a soluble form and by Western blot to identify the protein has good immunogenicity. The Inhibin pET32a-matpeptide recombinant protein was induced to express soluble high immunogenicity, which laid the foundation for the preparation of anti-Inhibin α subunit antibody.

  Superovulation of Fleckvieh Cattle in Beijing 朱伯阳, and 倪和民 2017, 33 (14):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060154 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 346 ) To fully explore the reproductive potential of import dual-purpose cattle Fleckvieh, determine its feasible scheme of superovulation in Beijing and quickly establish a core group of Fleckvieh, two superovulation experiments were conducted in spring (Match) and autumn (September) respectively. The superovulation doses were based on cattles’weight and nutritional status, and the proceedings of the two experiments were the same. The results showed that the average number of available embryos per female (5.33± 1.51) and pregnancy rate (81.82%) in spring had no significant difference compared with those in autumn (6.00 ± 1.83, 69.57% ) (P >0.05). There were no significant difference on the average number of available embryos per multiparity between spring (6.50±2.21) and autumn (5.33±0.58) (P >0.05). And there were also no significant difference on the average number of available embryos per nulliparity between spring (5.75±1.26) and autumn (4.50 ± 2.38) (P >0.05). The results indicated that this scheme could be used to conduct superovulation of Fleckvieh at different parities both in spring and autumn in Beijing.

  Determination of Resveratrol in Agricultural Products Using HPLC Standardized Method 2017, 33 (14):  130-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070093 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 1822KB )   ( 469 ) A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) standardized method was established to simultaneous determine the content of resveratrol in agricultural products such as peanut skin, grape skin, alfalfa, Polygonum cuspidatum and Veratrum nigrum Linn.. The HPLC conditions were as follows: Waters Atlantis T3 C18 column (4.6 mm i.d.×150 mm, 3 μm) was used at 40℃ with acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% acetic acid (26:74, v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, diode array detector with the detection at 306 nm. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) for peanut skin, grape skin and alfalfa were 0.6 μg/g and 2.0 μg/g. LODs and LOQs forPolygonum cuspidatum andVeratrum nigrum Linn. were 7.5 μg/g and 25 μg/g. The results of methodological study demonstrated that the method met the requirements of the determination. The method was simple, fast, accurate and reproducible for the analysis of resveratrol in agricultural products.

  Ecological Breeding of Pomoxis nigromaculatus Larvae in Earth Pond and Bait Domestication of Juvenile 2017, 33 (14):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090087 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 1390KB )   ( 309 ) To explore the ecological breeding methods ofPomoxis nigromaculatus , larvae were bred in earth pond and bait domestication of juvenile was adopted in indoor concrete pond. The results showed that when using natural baits cultured in earth ponds by organic fertilizer and adding external biological baits, and the density was 76.5×104 larvae/hm2, we harvested 31.4×104 fry after 50 day’s cultivation. The average body length of fry was 3.37 cm, and the survival rate was 62.36%. The baits of larvae mainly consisted of rotifer and cladoceran. The regression equation of body length (LT ) and daily age (T ) wasLT =0.006T2 0.251T 2.875 (R2 = 0.995). Bait domestication was conducted when body length of juvenile fish was 30 mm. Water earthworm was used as pilot bait. Success rate of bait domestication with compound feed was 99%-100% and the average survival rate was 93.87% after domestication. Water quality was stable and baits were rich in earth pond, thus ecological breeding in earth pond could improve survival rate of larvae and keep stable breeding efficacy.

  Original Plants of“Algae”and Its Corresponding Plants in Historical Books and Records of China 2017, 33 (14):  143-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060046 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 408 ) “Algae” is a distinct group in modern plant classification systematics. Modern researches suggested that there were more than ten phyla in this group. However, the data on its history and its utilization by Chinese ancestors are poorly cared. The names and features related to “algae” were collected and sorted, and method of comparative morphology was employed to have a clear idea of“algae”. The research showed that there were ten plant names related to “algae” in the historical books and records of China, and eight of them were given a scientific name. Finally the understanding of Chinese ancestors on “algae” was analyzed. Medical value and edible value were the major reasons for the attention paid by Chinese ancestors.

  Benefit Comparative Analysis of“Grass-cattle”Circular Agriculture Model 邹冬生,肖和艾,, and 2017, 33 (14):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110103 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 411 ) The authors took the circular agriculture research base in Jinjing Town of Changsha County in Hunan Province as an example, analyzed the comparative benefits of“only cattle”,“grass-cattle”and“grasscattle-fertilizer”model. The results showed that compared with“only cattle”model, the gross output value, net output value and profit of“grass-cattle-fertilizer”model increased by 18.3%, 76.7% and 88.4%, respectively. The results of cost and investment analysis showed that cost use ratio, utilization efficiency, investment use ratio and investment results of“grass-cattle-fertilizer”model were the best, then was“grass-cattle”model and“only cattle”model was the worst. Analysis of labor input showed that the labor cost of“grass-cattlefertilizer” and“grass-cattle”accounted for 26.8% and 25.9% of the total cost, which were 57.7% and 56.2% higher than that of“only cattle”model, and it indicated that the labor cost of“grass-cattle-fertilizer”and “grass-cattle”was relatively high, it was imperative to accelerate the application of mechanization technology. Compared with“only cattle”model, the total output value and net output value of“grass-cattle-fertilizer” model increased by 1.2 times and 4.3 times, after deducting labor cost, the net return of“grass- cattle-fertilizer”model increased by 8.60 times and 1.16 times compared with that of“only cattle”and“grasscattle” model. Therefore, the clarification of“grass- cattle- fertilizer”model could not only prevent the environmental pollution caused by the wastes in cattle farms effectively, but also have better economic benefits.

  Optimization of Urban and Rural Income Distribution Under the New Normal 2017, 33 (14):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060165 Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 272 ) The aims of this study are to meet the requirements of economic new normal in China, and optimize the severe imbalance of income structure between urban and rural areas. Work complication and household discrimination were found to be the main causes of income imbalance between rural and urban areas through analysis of the current situation and causes of income distribution structure. Then the optimization path of income distribution in urban and rural areas was given, which included improving rural education, accelerating reform of household registration system (canceling the limitation of farmer and non-farmer), implementing integration of social security in urban and rural areas, increasing expenditure on infrastructure in rural areas, and developing rural inclusive finance so as to improve farmers’income.

  Cooperatives’Resource Base and Willingness to Participate in E-commerce Mode: Based on 118 Cooperatives in Zhejiang Province 李佳 2017, 33 (14):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090056 Abstract + ( 519 )   Farmers'' professional cooperative is an effective relationship between production and operation, its external development environment is improving, and its participation in e-commerce has become a necessary way of self- transformation and upgrading. Based on investigation of farmers'' professional cooperatives in Zhejiang Province, this paper used binary logistic model to build a structural equation model, and analyzed the influence factors of the cooperatives’e-commerce development. The results showed that human resource is the main factor affecting the willingness of farmers'' professional cooperatives to participate in e-commerce. The ecommerce of farmers’professional cooperatives could be enhanced by measures such as increasing capital investment, moderate scale operation, upgrading the technical training level of the cooperative members and establishing a platform for experience exchange. In addition, this paper also provided suggestions on the effective participation of farmers’professional cooperatives in e-commerce and the sustainable development ofthis business mode.