Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.13 Published:16 May 2017

  Yield-increasing Effect of NPK Fertilizer on High-yield Peanut in East Henan Plain Wang Hongjun,Zhang Jing,Huangfu Ziqi,Zhang Shenju and Guo Zhensheng 2017, 33 (13):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060004 Abstract + ( 1091 )   PDF ( 499KB )   ( 368 ) Abstract: The paper studies on the peanut NPK fertilizer effect and its rational application rate through the "3414" test. The results showed that in the optimum economic output, a quadratic equation and binary quadratic equation were slightly lower (-3.2%, - 2.3%) than ternary quadratic equation; in the optimum application rate of economic output, a quadratic equation and binary quadratic equation were apparently lower (-12.0%, - 13.2%) than ternary quadratic equation; in the output-input ratio, a quadratic equation and binary quadratic equation were higher (9.3%, 12.5%) than ternary quadratic. Therefore, the best application rate is the average of the optimum application rate of economic output of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium solved from effect function of seven categories and three kinds: nitrogen (N) 134.7 kg / hm2, phosphorus (P2O5) 210.4kg / hm2, potassium (K2O) 172.0kg / hm2. The optimum economic output is 6307.4kg / hm2, and the output-input ratio is 14.02. The interaction effect, in turn from maximum to minimum, is NPK, NP, NK, and PK.

  Phosphorus Uptake, Distribution and Migration of ‘Zhengmai 7698’ Under Different Soil Fertilities Zhang Shuiqing,Huang Shaomin,Guo Doudou,Hu Lin and Wang Gengxin 2017, 33 (13):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050151 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 815KB )   ( 462 ) Phosphorus(P) uptake, distribution and migration of a new variety of wheat-Zhengmai 7698 in different fertility plots was studied in long term fertilization station which started in 1990 in fluvo-aquic soil. The results showed that P uptake of Zhengmai 7698 were 43.3 kg?ha-1and 49.4 kg?ha-1 under the medium and high fertility level, respectively. The P amounts needed for the formation of 100 kg grain yield are 0.55 and 0.63 kg．Two P absorption peaks were observed. One was during turning green stage to jointing stage. The other was filling period at which time 52.8% and 49.5% of total P uptake of overground were accumulated. The maximum P absorption intensity was 1.14 and 1.76 kg?ha-1?d-1 at initial filling stage. The maximum P accumulation by leaves, 85% of which transferred to other organs when harvested, appeared in jointing stage. The P accumulation of stems reached the maximum value in heading stage, 74.7% of which transferred to other organs. The P accumulation of grains reached the maximum value (38.3 kg?ha-1) in ripening stage, 94.2% of which transferred from leaves and stems. In mature period, 74.3% of the total P uptake was stored in the grain, and the remaining stored in the stems, leaves and glumes.

  Dynamic Change of Soil Microbe and Soil Enzyme Activities During Barley Main Growth Stages Under Different Long-term Fertilizer Treatments Xu Yilan,Tang Haiming,Li Yifeng,Xiao Xiaoping,Li Weiyan,Sun Geng and Cheng Kaikai 2017, 33 (13):  12-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060047 Abstract + ( 994 )   PDF ( 599KB )   ( 568 ) Soil microbe and soil enzyme activities are closely relative with the fertilizer inputs. Our objective was to explore the dynamic change of soil microbe and soil enzyme activities in paddy soil during barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) main growth stages with different long?term fertilizer managements in the double cropping rice system. we analyzed the soil microbe and soil enzyme activities with mineral fertilizer alone (MF), rice residues plus mineral fertilizer (RF), 30% organic matter and 70% mineral fertilizer (OM1), 60% organic matter and 40% mineral fertilizer (OM2), and without fertilizer (CK) basis on long?term fertilizer experiment. The results showed that different fertilization managements on paddy soil significantly affected some physiological function soil microbial quantityl. The amount of methanogens and methanotrophs in soil with OM2 and OM1 was highest, and was significantly higher than that of MF, RF, CK at the main growth stages of barley. And the amount of nitrifying and denitrification bacteria in soil for different fertilizer managements was OM2>OM1>RF>MF>CK and OM2>OM1>CK>RF>MF at the main growth stages of barley, respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of azotobacteria and ammonifiers in soil for different fertilizer managements was OM1>OM2>RF>MF>CK at the main growth stages of barley, and the amount of cellulose?decomposing bacteria in soil for different fertilizer managements was OM1>MF>OM2>RF>CK at the main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, the soil enzyme activities were increased by application with fertilizer at the main growth stages of barley. The soil urease activity for different fertilizer managements was RF>OM2>OM1>MF>CK at the main growth stages of barley. The value of soil catalase activity with OM2 was highest, and was significantly higher than that of RF, MF, CK at the main growth stages of barley. The value of soil invertase and soil dehydrogenase activities with OM2 was highest, and was significantly higher than that of CK at the main growth stages of barley. And the value of soil cellobiohyrolase activity with RF was highest, and was significantly higher than that of MF, CK at the main growth stages of barley. As a result, the soil microbe and soil enzyme activities were increased by applied with fertilizer managements, the effect of inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure is better than that of only inorganic fertilizer.

  Effects of Maize Variety and Planting Density on Plant Characters Liu Hai,Duan Hongkai,Zheng Liping,Li Zuoyi,Cheng Yonggang,Li Aijun,Tian Senlin and Wan Yanjuan 2017, 33 (13):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010096 Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 428KB )   ( 471 ) [Objective]In order to study that plant characters’ (plant height,ear height and staminate flower branch) otherness under the diffenrent maize variety and plant density and discuss how to improve maize group’s plant characters to achieve corn super-high-yield. [Method] The experimental design with the three corn materials was a randomized block with fifteen treatments and three replications. The area of each plot was 50 m2(20 m length × 2.5 m width). [results] The results showed that’Xianyu335’>‘Xieyu 4’>‘Xieyu 3’ on maize plant height and ’Xianyu335’ have difference with the 0.01 level under the five planting density with ‘Xieyu 3’. ‘Xieyu 4’>‘Xieyu 3’>’Xianyu335’ on corn ear height and three maize varieties have difference with the 0.05 level and have difference with the 0.01 level under some planting density. ‘Xieyu 3’>‘Xieyu 4’>’Xianyu335’ on staminate flower branch and three maize varities have difference with the 0.01 level. [Conclusion] Maize variety have the obvious effect on plant height,ear height and staminate flower branch.Ear height haven’t obvious relationship between with plant height.Every variety have different result in ear height and plant height.If you want to improved plant characters of corn,you should choose selfing line from breeding.you should choose proper plant height、lower ear height and lower staminate flower branch’s selfing line.

  Effects of Different NPK Rates on Nutrient Absorption andFertilizer Use Efficiency of Red Kidney Beans Jin Fansheng,Han Yanlong,Li Xiaoping,Li Jie and Li Haijin 2017, 33 (13):  26-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020033 Abstract + ( 1448 )   PDF ( 674KB )   ( 277 ) To provide a theoretical basis of appropriate and rational fertilization for field planting and highlyefficient production of red kidney bean, the authors studied the effects of different NKP rates on nutrient absorption and fertilizer use efficiency of red kidney bean. The“3414” field fertilizer experiment was conducted using‘Yingguohong’as material. The results showed that N, P, K absorptive amount by red kidney bean during the whole growth period had rapid accumulation in the early stage, slow increase in the middle stage and decrease in the late stage; the senescence and drop of leaf were the main reasons for the decreasing amount of nutrient absorption. The nutrient absorption of red kidney bean was promoted most under treatment 6 (N2P2K2), its absorption amount of N, P and K was 169.31, 42.58 and 135.92 kg/hm2, respectively. The nutrient absorption of all organs were different, that in leaves showed a rapid rate in the early period, remained stable in the middle period and declined in the late period; N absorption amount in stems followed the rule of “increase- decrease- increase”, P, K uptake increased first and then decreased; P, K uptake in pod shell increased rapidly in the early stage, but were later transferred to pea and decreased; on the contrary, P, K uptake in pea was low at first, but later much larger than that in pod shell. The dynamic nutrient distribution in different organs of red kidney bean showed that the nutrient distribution in leaves decreased gradually with the growth, that in stems increased first and then decreased, and that in pod shells and peas showed an increasing trend. The absorption of the three nutrients in red kidney bean were interactive and the interdependence was relatively high; to form 100 kg peas, the absorption amount of N, P2O5 and K2O was 5.49, 1.33 and 4.9 kg, respectively; the average nutrient absorption ratio was 1:0.24:0.89. The fertilizer use efficiency of NPK did not have a significant rule with the fertilizer application amount, the maximum utilization rate of NPK reached 46%, 11.04% and 66.06%, respectively in the season, and the relative absorption rate was up to 100.25%, 90.23% and 115.21%, respectively.

  Stability and Adaptability of Rapeseed Cultivars to Warm and Cold Winter in Low Altitude Plateau Mountainous Area Yang Jincheng,Bai Yuecai,Hu Xinzhou,Li Hongyan,Li Mingfang,Chen Liangxin,Yang Yaohua,Qu Guan,Pu Jiafu,Liu Jianjian,An Zhengyun and Zhang Zhong 2017, 33 (13):  37-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020009 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 716KB )   ( 347 ) In order to cope with the climate challenge of winter drought, frequent natural disasters in low altitude mountain areas, it is necessary to screen and evaluate the rapeseed varieties having more stable and stronger adaptive traits. As such, seven rapeseed varieties were tested in 4 different latitude areas in the warm year of 2012 and the cold year of 2015. [Method]By using grey relation analysis, multi-regression analysis, AMMI model and fuzzy clustering analysis, the yield and main agro economic traits of different varieties were compared. [Result] The results have illustrated that:(1) there is significant difference of correlationbetween the yield and main climate factors in cold year and warm year; (2) in AMMI model, the variance of gene type, interaction between gene and environment in warm winter are higher than those in cold winter, whereas the variance of environment in warm winter is significantly lower than that in cold winter; (3) in warm winter, the gene type, environmental variation, and the interaction between gene type and environment can significantly affect the yield, effective plant per unite area, pod number and silique number; whereas in cold winter, the interaction between gene type and environment can significantly affect yield, whole growth period, effective plant per unite area and silique number. [Conclusion]the rapeseed varieties of Yunhuayouzaoshu 1#, Huayou 6#, Yuhongyou 1# and Huayou 5# were recommended to grow in low altitude mountain areas, due to their excellent traits of good adaptability, stable and high yield in both warm and cold winter.

  Forestry Carbon Sink Projects in China: Development Obstacles and Suggestions Zhang Rong,Li Shuaifeng and Zhang Zhijun 2017, 33 (13):  45-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070087 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 500KB )   ( 415 ) Forestry ecological construction has characteristics of long time production cycle, heavy investment and low efficiency of carbon sink benefits, so the authors discussed the development obstacles of forestry carbon sink projects according to capital, technology, institution and patterns under the background of the voluntary emission reduction trading system of greenhouse gas of China. Simultaneously, the authors proposed the suggestions including of broadening investment and financing channels, expanding the project methodology, exploring the pre-sale system of emissions reduction, and improving the anti-risk ability of project owners from the actual situation. The aim was to provide a reference for promoting the growth of forestry carbon sink project.

  Genetic Analysis of Vitamin C in Pepper Fruit Wang Xue,Chen Lixin,Hu Shaoxin,Fu Lixin,Xie Libo and Quan Hong 2017, 33 (13):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010008 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 470KB )   ( 540 ) In order to analyze genetic rule on vitamin C (Vc) of pepper, the pepper variety L5 having high vitamin Vc and L158 including low vitamin were used as female and male, respectively. And Vc content in pepper fruit was carried out. Accordingly, the correlation between Vc content of fruit and related traits was analyzed according to six generations. The results showed that Vccontent in exhibited continuous variation trends and was quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In addition, Vc content was significantly positively correlated with average weight of single fruit and was a significant negative correlation with the thickness of fruit fresh. And Vc content and fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit diameter and soluble solids have no relevant relationship. It belongs to C-O model similar to the additive - dominant - epistatic genetic hybrid genetic model.

  Application of Pollen in Plant Genetic Research 2017, 33 (13):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060005 Abstract + ( 700 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 325 ) The pollen of higher plant is an ideal material for plant transformation. It could be as the acceptor or intermedium of extrinsic DNA for transgenic research and this method has become an important part in pant transformation technology. Microspores can develop to matured pollen normally in planta and then take part in fertilization, or it can develop to haploid plants under in vitro culture conditions by parthenogenesis. It also could be cultured to maturation pollen in vitro. The writer will briefly introduce the research actuality, methods of pollen culture and the application in plant genetic transformation of the three ways mentioned above. The comprehensive assessment of each way offers a new thinking for researchers and breeders to study flower development mechanism, functional gene expression and crop genetic improvement.

  Introduction, Cultivation and Evaluation of Succulents in Wuhan 周媛,童俊,,,,李伟, and 2017, 33 (13):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060058 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 531KB )   ( 394 ) The study aims to select Succulents cultivars suitable for climate conditions in Wuhan area. The experiments were conducted in simple greenhouse to evaluate the ornamental characters、ecological adaptability and comprehension of 29 cultivars of Succulents in Wuhan during 2015- 2016. The results showed that 29 introduced succulents had strong adaptability in simple greenhouse in Wuhan, the grades of Crassula capitella ‘Campfire’、Sedum pachyphyllum 、Sedum rubrotinctum and other 22 succulents were Ⅲ or above Ⅲ, illustrating these 22 succulents are suitable for cultivation and extension in Wuhan area.

  Change of Vegetation Coverage in Shiyang River Basin 2000-2014 Han Tao and Wang Dawei 2017, 33 (13):  66-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010105 Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 1404KB )   ( 330 ) Vegetation coverage is an important indicator to measure vegetation growing and evaluate the regional ecosystem health, It is of great significance to study the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation coverage in the Shiyang River Basin for the environmental changes of terrestrial ecosystems research in inland arid areas of China. Based on the EOS/MODIS satellite data and the analysis of landscape ecological spatial distribution patterns, the evolution of spatial distribution and pattern of vegetation in the Shiyang River Basin during the period from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed by the change of vegetation coverage area and the trend of type conversion. The results showed that the low coverage vegetation in the Shiyang River Basin was mainly vegetation coverage type from 2000 to 2014, the very low vegetation coverage’ fluctuation was the most intense and the mid-high vegetation coverage’ fluctuation was the least. The Shiyang River Basin vegetation ecological degradation process appeared four times in 2001, 2004, 2009 and 2013. Vegetation coverage in four land cover types showed an increasing trend in inter-annual variation, ecological restoration of farmland vegetation was evident, ecological restoration of unused land was relatively slow. The ecological quality of the Shiyang River Basin had been restoring in the recent 15 years. The area transfer paths and the amplitudes of all the vegetation cover grades were similar between the early stages(2000-2009) and late stages(2005-2014), and the ecological restoration degree of late stages was more severe than the early one. The change of vegetation cover was concentrated in the areas with more human activities. Ecological changes of vegetation were mainly stable and slight recovery. Among several land cover types, the spatial change of farmland vegetation coverage was the largest. The spatial distribution and unequal use of water resources were the main factors leading to the uneven spatial distribution of vegetation cover change. The ecological restoration in the middle reaches plain area was better,the ecological degradation significantly in Minqin oasis after 2010.

  Cultivated Land Ecological Security and Economic System: Coordinated Development in Fujian Yang Yuzhen,Zhang Li,Qiu Lingjing and Fan Shenglong 2017, 33 (13):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110048 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 649KB )   ( 526 ) [Objective]This paper evaluates the cultivated land ecological security situation and the economic development state of Fujian province in recent years respectively,and analyzes the coordination between the two system. [Methods]This paper uses the entropy weight method to determine the weight of indexes,the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to analysis the condition,and the coordinated development model to get the coordination degree and the coordinated development degree of the two systems.[ Results] Results show that: (1) From 2004 to 2015 ,the cultivated land ecology value in Fujian province was high in general, and it has a further enhance after the 18th national congress of CPC puts forward the construction of ecological civilization,and at the same time ,the economy keeps a rapid and stable increasing speed. (2) The coordination between the cultivated land ecological security and the economic development in Fujian province from 2004 to 2015 goes through a uncoordinated situation and then in a high coordination state, the coordinate development status changes from the initial uncoordinated development status to the primary development status and intermediate coordinated development status in mid- period, and achieves a altitudinal coordinated development state eventually. [Conclusion] Using the coordination theory,the analysis of the coordinated situation between the cultivated land ecological security and the economic development can provide theoretical basis for the regional harmonious development and ecological construction.

  Effects of Different Modified Materials on Physical Properties of Clayey Saline Soil and Yield of Cotton Jia Limei,Mao Weibing,Sun Yuxia,Zheng Qiankun and Chang Hongjuan 2017, 33 (13):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010108 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 766KB )   ( 352 ) In order to determine the improving effect of different types of modified materials on the physical properties of coastal saline soil, a field experiment was carried out in the coastal saline soil area of the Yellow River Delta, two sedimentation amount were set up, which were 20, 40 t/hm2, three diatom mud amount were set up, which were 1.0, 3.5 and 4.0 t/hm2 and controlled trials, The effects of different modified materials and treatments on soil bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water and salt content, growth and cotton yield were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil bulk density and total porosity in 0-20 cm soil layer; the large pore ratio of the three diatom mud treatments decreased by 0.51%, 2.53% and 4.75% compared with that of CK, the saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by 1.18%, 15.88%, 22.65%, the soil salt content decreased by 62.76%, 72.01% and 75.76%, respectively (P<0.05),and the cotton yield decreased by 2.8%, 5.0% and 11.1%, respectively; the large pore ratio of the two sedimentation treatments increased by 17.75% and 37.09% compared with that of CK, the saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by 17.94% and 60.29%,respectively (P<0.01), the soil salt content decreased by 23.17% and 25.08%, respectively (P<0.05), and the cotton yield increased by 11.1% and 16.7%, respectively. Yellow River sediment can effectively improve the soil texture and pore conditions, increase soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, suitable for improving the physical properties of clayey soil. Diatom mud is not suitable for the improvement of physical properties of clay. Therefore, the key to improve the clayey soil is to select the material that can increase the quantity and proportion of soil macropores and increase the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil.

  Climate Warming: Influence on Early Rice Sowing Date Pan Yongdi,Zhao Peiou and 2017, 33 (13):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100086 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 600KB )   ( 322 ) To make full use of the climate resources under climate warming, through analysis of current early rice sowing dates in counties of Wenzhou, it was found that there were great differences in the arrangements of early rice sowing date responding to climate warming, and the sowing dates slightly changed in most area, but varied in large range in some places. On the whole, the potential of climate resources was not fully explored. Based on historical daily mean air temperature data at meteorological stations in counties of Wenzhou, we calculated the beginning date of 11℃ of each station every year, and systematically analyzed warmer period changes by using SPSS software to do the homogenous variance analysis and T test of the significance between mean values in two periods. The results showed that: the beginning date of 11℃ had changed significantly since 2000 in all counties except Taishun; the 80% guaranteed rate of the beginning date and the average value after 2000 was 10-day earlier than those before 2000. In considering current sowing situation in each county of Wenzhou, we proposed that local agricultural management departments and farmers should make arrangements for early rice sowing date according to the plan of crops and the sowing date forecast, which should be released by the local meteorological bureau in the middle of March every year, thus to increase farmers’income in dealing with climate change.

  Two Severe Convection Processes During Wheat Harvest in Xinxiang, 2016 Wang Jinlan 2017, 33 (13):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100052 Abstract + ( 687 )   PDF ( 4000KB )   ( 374 ) To study the occurrence and development rules of severe convective weather during the wheat harvest time, we comparatively analyzed two severe convective processes in Xinxiang during the wheat harvest in 2016, based on conventional observation data, mesoscale analysis products, satellite data and radar data. The results showed that: the severe convective process on June 4 was triggered by surface convergence line; the severe convective process on June 5 was triggered by surface cold air; the vertical structure that was dry and cold in upper and warm and wet in lower was beneficial to generate severe convective weather process; threebody scattering signs and suspended structure indicated the occurrences of hail, thunderstorm and strong wind; the occurrence and maintain of mesoscale convergence line, convergence zone and the upwind area were useful forecasting basis for local heavy rain; maintaining the large vertical integrated liquid could form larger rain than normal. This study could summarize forecasting and warning index for different types of severe convective weather, provide references for preventing and mitigating agriculture disasters to maximally alleviate the adverse effect caused by meteorological disasters.

  Summer Maize in Changqing: Growth Climate Condition and Agricultural Regionalization Shi Chunyan,Zhang Qiandong,Ouyang Qiuming,Zhang Yanfei,Wang Jinping and Geng Qiang 2017, 33 (13):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080100 Abstract + ( 583 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 488 ) According to the requirement of the summer maize on the meteorological conditions, use of Changqing area (1981~2015) climate data and topography and soil data, using the Kriging interpolation method, weighted comprehensive evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process method, combined with GIS technology in Changqing District summer maize planting suitability spatial distribution analysis and fine agricultural zoning. The results show that most of the Changqing agricultural climatic conditions suitable for the growth of summer maize. The suitability distribution of Summer Maize in Changqing district has obvious spatial difference, and the overall trend is decreasing from northwest to Southeast. The most suitable area is mainly distributed in the Pingan street office, Wenchang Street office and other parts of the region; Suitable area distribution is in Gushan Cloud Lake Street office, Wufengshan Street offices and other parts of the region; The general suitable area is mainly distributed in the southeast of Changqing. The results of agricultural regionalization have a certain application value for the rational utilization of climate resources in the region, the development of modern agriculture and the adjustment of summer maize planting planning.

  Aero-anion Concentration and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors: Scotch Pine and Larch in Arctic Village Tang Qiuyuan,Xing Haiying and Zhang Dongyou 2017, 33 (13):  105-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120128 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 590KB )   ( 385 ) In order to study the relationship among the forest negative air ions concentration and forest category and meteorologic condition, In this thesis, choose the suitable sample as the research object in the Arctic Village area. select a representative Arctic Village area forest partition negative air ions of forest environments from summer and autumn in 2013, statistical analysis of the collected data by means of time scale average and correlation analysis, and through research get that the relationship among the forest negative air ions concentration and forest category and meteorologic condition. The results showed that the negative air ion concentration in Arctic Village forest was between 548-1203 ions?cm-3, average concentration about 892 ions?cm-3. the negative oxygen ion concentration is positively correlated with air temperature and humidity, and is negative correlation with humidity. the negative air ion concentration of larch plots is higher than that of scotch pine plots, and different seasons had a great influence on the concentration of negative oxygen ions. To revealed the relationship among the negative oxygen ion concentration of Arctic Village area and forest category and season and meteorological factors.

  Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Winter Freezing of Tea Trees in Zhejiang Hu Bo,Jin Zhifeng,Li Ying,Ding Yeyi and Li Renzhong 2017, 33 (13):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020042 Abstract + ( 646 )   PDF ( 2741KB )   ( 259 ) In order to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of winter freezing of tea(Camellia sinensis) in Zhejiang province, the meteorological indexes and hierarchies of tea trees winter freezing were proposed in the article. With the indexes and the data in the 64 meteorological stations around the province during 1971-2011, the temporal and spatial distribution of winter freezing of tea trees in Zhejiang province was analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) and wavelet analysis. The results showed that the first EOF mode for the mild, moderate and severe winter freezing could reflected the average case of the whole province. The spatial distribution of first EOF mode for the mild and severe frost were all positive in the whole province, and both high value of mild and severe were around northwest Zhejiang. The EOF mode for moderate were overall negative, except east Wenzhou, southeast Taizhou. The maximum absolute values of the mode were around north and middle Zhejiang. The results could provide a scientific basis for tea trees production.

  The Radiation Fog System Analysis in Eastern Gansu Loess Plateau Jiao Meiling and Zhang Hongfen 2017, 33 (13):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100039 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 379 ) To further study the development mechanism and effect system of fog in eastern Gansu, based on ground data and high and low level data of radiation fog from 2007 to 2013 in Qingyang, we analyzed its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, climate background and influence system. The results showed that: the fog in Qingyang occurred mainly in central and southern mountain areas, particularly in Ningxian; the fog occurred mostly in February and July to November, and highest occurrence rate was found in October. The high altitude situation of the fog happened at 20:00 the day before and at 08:00 of the day was mainly as follows: trough transit type, trough before type, northwest airflow, ridge before type, and straight flow type; the ground systems were modified classes after high-pressure area, high-pressure area control, low-pressure area control before cold front, saddle type field type and uniform pressure field type. Regional fog was radiation fog, highpressure area rear type fog occurred most frequently, and occurred in each season; then was high-pressure area control fog, which tended to occur in autumn and winter; fog before the cold front and fog of low pressure control were less than fog of high pressure control, and developed in late winter and spring, most frequently in March; fog of saddle field type and uniform pressure field type occurred in September to October, and the occurrences were less. The study reveals the development mechanism of fog in Qingyang, and provides references for fog forecast to reduce industrial and agricultural production damage caused by foggy weather.

  Adult Trapping and Killing against Delia antiqua (Meigen) Liu Yanyan,Wang Zheng,Zhao Haipeng,Sun Xia,Zhao Xi and Xue Ming 2017, 33 (13):  125-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050104 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 634KB )   ( 417 ) Delia antiqua (Meigen) is an important pest threatening onion, garlic and other vegetables in the lily family. The adult trapping and killing technology is an effective way to control the pest and avoid product and environment pollution, the control mechanism is pests’tropism and stomach poisoning action of insecticide. The authors compared the effects of 7 different neonicotinoid insecticides on adult trapping and killing. The results showed that clothianidin and emamectin benzoate had high activities, but the effects of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, spinosad, cyromazine and fipronil were poor. In addition, clothianidin with the concentration of 2000 mg/L had the best trapping and killing effect, and could persisted for 5 days or more, therefore, it had a wide application prospect.

  Observation of the Adult Dynamics of Adoxophyes orana in Orchards Chen Chuan,An Kejiang,Yang Meixia,Zhang Guanping and Sheng Chengfa 2017, 33 (13):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120094 Abstract + ( 909 )   PDF ( 570KB )   ( 345 ) To forecast and control Adoxophyes orana efficiently, the adult dynamics of A. orana in orchards were observed by the method of sex attractant trapping. The results showed that A. orana had 3-4 generations per year in orchards, and the overwintering moth began emerging in early to mid-May. Each generation adult occurrence time was different every year, with generation overlapping. The number of trapped moths had certain difference at 1.0-2.0 m height of the apple tree. The number of the moths at 1.5 m height was the most. When the sex attractant was applied for trapping moths, sex attractants should be arranged near 1.5 m height of the apple tree in order to get better trapping effect. The moths mainly acted in 4:00-8:00, and the activities were more frequent and active in 4:00-6:00.

  Epidemic Regularity and Two Prediction Models of Plasmopara viticola in Yanqing of Beijing Xu Dandan,Han Tingyu,Liang Yanyan,Jin Meng,Wang Qi and Gao Lingwang 2017, 33 (13):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060032 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 897KB )   ( 363 ) In order to clarify the epidemic regularity of grape downy mildew disease on different grape cultivars in Yanqing of Beijing and search the suitable model for predicting downy mildew disease in Yanqing, an investigation of downy mildew disease on different grape cultivars was carried out during 2013-2015 and shortterm prediction model and empirical disease model were tested basing on the monitoring data. Research results showed that: 3 grape cultivars, based on their disease indexes, showed different resistance to downy mildew, ‘Muscat Hamburg’appeared the highest disease index of 76.58, whereas‘Jingya’and‘Venus Seedless’ showed disease index of 62.47 and 54.81, respectively. Downy mildew disease would be serious if there was a lot of precipitation and the average temperature is relatively low during early and middle July. Empirical disease model simulated 82.35% cases on‘Venus Seedless’, which preceded the accuracy on‘Muscat Hamburg’and‘Jingya’, therefore, empirical prediction model could be used as a powerful tool for predicting grape downy mildew disease on‘Venus Seedless’in Yanqing and improving the management of grapevine protection. However, short-term prediction model had lower prediction accuracy and was not appropriate for predicting downy mildew disease in Yanqing.

  Biological Characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Pericarpium zanthoxyli Song Ting,Xi Junqiang and Jiao Jian 2017, 33 (13):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060014 Abstract + ( 672 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 343 ) The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the biological characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and effective prevention of Pericarpium zanthoxyli anthracnose. In this research, the mycelium growth rate method, Petri dish slide method and concentrated sulfuric acid method was used to study the influence of different environmental conditions on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides growth and spore germination. The results showed that: the optimum temperature of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides mycelial growth and spore germination was 25℃ and 20℃, respectively; pH 8 was the most suitable condition for the mycelial growth and spore germination; alternating light and dark was beneficial to mycelial growth and full sunlight promote to spore germination; the higher the relative humidity, the greater the spore germination rate. Therefore, the occurrence and spread of pericarpium zanthoxyli anthracnose could be controlled effectively when suitable temperature, pH value, light condition and relative humidity were avoided in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides growth.

  Bond Behavior Between Rape Straw Ash Concrete and Steel Bar Yi Duhang,Liu Baohua,Zeng Zhe,Yi Lian,Zhou Yun and Huang Wei 2017, 33 (13):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020017 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 745KB )   ( 408 ) The paper aims to explore influences of bond behavior between steel bar and concrete mixed with rape straw ashes. To do this, a center pull-out test on 3 test-pieces of steel bars and rape straw ashes concrete with 3 different amounts of rape straw ashes was conducted, and the corresponding bond behaviors were compared at the same time. The results showed that a positive correlation between steel bars and rape straw ashes concrete and the compression strength of concrete; when the water-binder ratio was constant, the bond behavior of steel bars and rape straw ashes concrete decreased with the increase of rape straw ashes amount; the water-binder ratio of 0.47 could make the bond behavior between steel bars and rape straw ashes nearly the same with that of plain concrete, which was the optimal mix ratio. Therefore, by replacing cement with the right and equal amount of rape straw ashes in the ordinary reinforced concrete with lower bearing requirements, energy can be saved in cement production and agriculture wastes can be used rationally and scientifically.

  Controlling Pests in the Processing of Dry-cured Ham 2017, 33 (13):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090108 Abstract + ( 750 )   PDF ( 595KB )   ( 586 ) The problem of pests is an important factor that affects the quality of dry-cured ham, dry-cured ham can become infested easily with pests during the aging time, and the most serious pests are Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Piophilidae. In order to provide references for the prevention and treatment of pests in drycured ham in actual production, this paper reviewed relevant research progress of dry-cured ham pest control methods, summarized the insecticidal effect of chemical control, physical control and biological control methods, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of those methods, and pointed out that the problems concerning each method in the application. Finally, the analysis showed that the most promising control methods were the fumigation method with methyl bromide alternatives, the use of propylene glycol film on ham surface and the plant derived pesticides, and the prospects of pests control ham were discussed as well.

  Influence of Brewing Conditions on Antioxidant Activity in Vitro of Tieguanyin Tea Yang Qing,Liu Zhiyu,Li Guannan and Hu Wei 2017, 33 (13):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100032 Abstract + ( 588 )   PDF ( 813KB )   ( 439 ) The study aims at looking for the optimal brewing condition of Tieguanyin tea to obtain the most beneficial components for human body. The effects of brewing conditions (brewing temperature, solid to liquid ratio, brewing time, brewing numbers and water quality) on total antioxidant capacity, DPPH clearance rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and total phenols were studied by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity, DPPH clearance rate and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of the first tea extract were the highest in distilled water of 70 mL at 75℃ for 90 s, and the total phenols were the highest. Under the experimental conditions, the tea leaves were distilled by distilled water, the total antioxidant capacity, DPPH clearance, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and the total phenolics content increased with the brewing temperature decreasing, brewing time prolonging and solid to liquid ratio decreasing. The total antioxidant capacity, DPPH clearance rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and total phenols of the first tea extract were the highest in the experiment of brewing times.