Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.12 Published:28 April 2017

  Effects of foliar fertilizer rates on growth and comprehensive benefit of ratoon riceYU Gui-long1, LIU Xiang-chen1, FENG Da-qing1, LI Yan-ting1, 余贵龙 and 2017, 33 (12):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050176 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 575KB )   ( 412 ) In order to provide the basis for scientific and efficient fertilization of ratooning rice of the south area of Henan, the indica rice cultivar ‘Liangyou 6326’, ‘Yueyou 9113’ and ‘Huanghuazhan’ were used as the experimental materials in this study and different nitrogen supplySlevels for bud development in 15 days after the first season riceSfullSheading were carried out to proven promoting bud fertilizer and ratooning ability, yield and comprehensive benefits. The results show that: The relationship between difficent N amount of bud promoting fertilizer and yieldSofSmainScrop was not significant, but there was a significant difference between the difficent N amount of bud promoting fertilizer and the yield of the ratooning rice, and the relationship was a parabolic correlation. Moreover, the main factor affecting the yield of ratooning rice was the number of the regenerated ears. When the fertilizer application rate of bud fertilizer was 345.00 kg/hm2, the yield of ratooning rice and comprehensive benefit of the two cultivar ‘Liangyou 6326’ and ‘Yueyou 9113’ were the highest, while the yield and the comprehensive benefit of Huanghuazhan reached the peak at 390.00 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Different Fertilizer-Water Coupling Models on Yield and Yield Components of‘Jijing511’in Saline-Alkali Paddy Field 2017, 33 (12):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010098 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 672KB )   ( 457 ) In order to optimize the cultivation model of efficient for rice planting in saline-alkali paddy field，to improve yield and promote economic efficiency. To‘Ji jing 511’as the experimental material, it was carried out with split-plotex periment design, the effects of irrigation methods and nitrogen application on their yield and its constituent factors were studied. The results showed that: (1)As the nitrogen application increased, the plant height gradually increased. Plant height was significant positive correlation with seed yield, r=0.794*. (2) Nitrogen application had greater effect on yield, effective panicles and 1000-grain weight, had less effect on grains per panicle and grain number per panicle. Irrigation rate had greater effect on effective panicles and 1000-grain weight, had less effect on yield,grains per panicle and grain number per panicle.(3)Yield were positively correlated with effective panicles, r=0.647*. They were correlated with grains per panicle and grain number per panicle, but not positively. The regression equation was Y=922.475 350.159X1.（4）The highest yield of seed was obtained when nitrogen application was N2 and irrigation methods rate was traditional irrigation, they were 3.3% higher than intermittent irrigation, 6.7%higher than irrigation of control. The results showed that the effective panicles, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were significantly affected by the change of nitrogen fertilizer, which was the key factor affecting yield.

  Effect of Combined Application of Gypsum and Organic Materials on Crop Yield and Grain Nutrient Content in Saline-alkali Soil 2017, 33 (12):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050156 Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 612KB )   ( 418 ) In order to study the short- time improvement effect of different application models (single and combination) of different materials (desulfurization gypsum, grass carbon and humic acid) on crop yield and grain nutrient content in saline-alkali soil, a randomized block experiment with eight treatments and three repeats was conducted in Laoling, Shandong from 2014 to 2015. The results showed that compared to the treatment without improvement of the first season wheat, single application or different combinations of desulfurized gypsum and organic materials did not significantly increase wheat yield. Compared to the treatment without improvement of maize, single application or 1:2 combination of desulfurized gypsum and humic acid did not significantly increase maize yield, while 1:1 combination increased maize yield by 40%. 1:1 combination treatment increased N and K contents in maize kernel significantly, decreased pH value by 0.5 unit, increased available K content and decreased exchangeable Na content, which could maintain the balance of K/Na in soil solution. 1:1 combination of desulfurized gypsum and humic acid has application prospect in short-time improvement of saline-alkali soil.

  Physiological Response and Yield Performance of Different Sorghum Varieties Under Alkali Stress 2017, 33 (12):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120127 Abstract + ( 928 )   PDF ( 782KB )   ( 485 ) In order to proven alkali stress on physiological and biochemical and yield of sorghum varieties,a split plot design method was studied.The results showed that activities of SOD and POD could be improved and contents of Pro and MDA could be increased under alkali stress.in alkali concentration mmmol / 20-40 mmmol L/L range, with the increase of concentration of alkali stress ,SOD, POD, Pro and MDA increased, but the increasing range of the above four physiological indexes of different varieties were different.For niu S7 x, the SOD, POD, Pro and MDA increased amplitude were not significant with the increase of the concentration of alkali, only DS40 reached 5% difference significance than CK, showed that the species is not sensitive to alkali.And for 13 h2842 , with the increase of the concentration of alkali, SOD, POD, Pro and MDA increased significantly, differences reached significant or extremely significant level between the different deal, illustrated that the variety sensitive to alkali. Photosynthetic rate of different varieties reduced with the increase of alkali concentration , and thus leaded to express a similar change trend on the change of yield components, finally form the different production.

  High-yielding and High-efficiency Cultivation Technology of“Sorghum Ratoon Sorghum” 2017, 33 (12):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100090 Abstract + ( 894 )   PDF ( 574KB )   ( 380 ) To improve the cultivation benefit of sorghum in temperature and light conditions which were more for growing one season of crop and less for two seasons,‘Lu Nuo 12’was used as the material, the highyielding and high-efficiency cultivation technology of“Sorghum Ratoon Sorghum”was studied by optimizing the sowing time and fertilizing for bud development, and then compared with the traditional technology. The results showed that the key points of“Sorghum Ratoon Sorghum”were that, the sowing time was between the end of February and March 5th, the planting density was 101055 plants/hm2, 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer was applied in time about 10 days before the first season sorghum harvested, the cutting height was controlled within the first internode near the ground and 2-3 regeneration plants per hole were retained. Compared with the traditional planting technology, the yield and benefit of sorghum with“Sorghum Ratoon Sorghum”highyielding and high-efficiency cultivation technology were improved by 120.3% and 84.3% respectively, the high- yielding and high- efficiency effects were very significant. So“Sorghum Ratoon Sorghum” highyielding and high-efficiency cultivation technology was worth spreading to more areas.

  Resistance Breeding of Food Legumes 2017, 33 (12):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070063 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 530KB )   ( 499 ) In this paper, studies on food legume germplasm screening and identification, resistance mechanism, resistance inheritance and genetic markers were reviewed. The previous achievements in food legume breeding were summarized, particularly the research trends of resistance related genes (Br ). The authors pointed out that the future research direction was targeting Br and functional verification, and discussed current difficulties in the research. The importance of resitant bruchid breeding was explored, and several important directions for the future researches were put forward, in order to provide useful information to the resistance breeding of food legumes in China.

  Innovation and Evaluation of a New Sweetpotato Cultivar ‘Rongzishu No.1’with High Protein and Anthocyanin 2017, 33 (12):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120067 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 811KB )   ( 317 ) The feasibility of overcoming the hybridization barrier between different sweetpotato parents and expanding natural selection lange through the techniques of open-pollinated group cross was discussed in this study for the reference of super parent strain breeding. A new sweetpotato cultivar ‘Rongzishu No.1’ high in protein and anthocyanin hybridized between a high protein female parent ‘Tis5125’ and male parental materials of 28 varieties (lines) with great difference of genetic background in the open-pollinated group was selected. The morphological characteristics, agronomic characteristics, quality characteristics, disease resistance, productivity and adaptability of ‘Rongzishu No.1’ were experimental studied and the results demonstrated that it had strong sprout ability, steady vigor during all growth period. In Fujian Provincal Sweetpotato Regional Trial (2011-2012), the average yield of fresh tuberous root of ‘Rongzishu No.1’was 31.1739 t/hm2. The average dry matter rate was 29.35% and 4.36 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’ (CK). The average starch rate was 19.18% and 3.80 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’. The test value of cooked taste was 81.4 and 1.4 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’. The test value of extrinsic feature was 81.2 and 1.2 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’. The anthcoyaninanthocyanin content in fresh tuberous root was 47.39 μg/g.FW. The crude protein content on dry basis was 7.5%; The resistance to Fusarium oxysporum was moderate and the storability of tuberous root was strong. It was approved by Fujian Provincial Crop Varieties Appraisal Committee in 2014(the approval No: MinShenShu2014003). As a cultivar used for fresh-eating or specially starch processing, it is suitable for growing in plain and hilly areas where the Ralstonia solanacearum wilt is lighter.

  Soil Heavy Metal Cd in Sewage-irrigated Saline Soil: Chemical Forms and Influencing Factors 2017, 33 (12):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010085 Abstract + ( 838 )   PDF ( 492KB )   ( 496 ) Cd polluted salinity soil in Tianjin sewage-irrigated area was used as the study object, chemical form distribution of Cd and its influencing factors were analyzed. The studied salt type was mainly NaCl and Na2SO4, 7 salinities were conducted, added mass fractions were 0% (CK), 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 1%, 2% and 5%, the first three kinds of Cd form (exchangeable, carbonate bound and Fe Mn the oxidation state) were studied by Tessier continuous extraction method, and the distribution law was obtained. The results showed that under the condition of adding NaCl, the carbonate bound state > exchangeable state > Fe Mn oxidation state, the exchangeable state content was significantly correlated with salinity, total heavy metal, pH value and organic matter. Under the condition of adding Na2SO4, the Fe Mn oxidation state > exchangeable state > carbonate bound state, the exchangeable state and carbonate bound were significantly correlated with pH value and organic matter, and the Fe Mn oxidation state was negatively correlated with pH value. There was also a correlation between salinity and Cd forms. Under the condition of adding NaCl, pH value had important effect on exchangeable Cd content; and organic matter had important influence on the carbonate bound state; the content of Cd had important influence on the Fe Mn oxidation state. Under the condition of adding Na2SO4, organic matter had important influence on exchangeable Cd content; pH value and organic matter had important effect on carbonate bound state; CEC had important influence on Fe Mn oxidation state. The distribution pattern of Cd and the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on Cd forms obtained by this study could provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution and for the ecological risk assessment.

  Soil Available Phosphorus Change of Caragana Microphylla Lam. with Different Stand Ages 2017, 33 (12):  48-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010053 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 598KB )   ( 309 ) The paper aims to research soil available phosphorus in different soil layers ofCaragana Microphylla Lam. forest, and provide a theoretical basis for further study soil property and regional vegetation construction in farming-pastoral zone in north China. Field investigation and laboratory analysis were used to analyze soil available phosphorus in different soil layers ofCaragana microphylla Lam with stand ages of 5, 11, 17, 23 and 29 years. The results showed that soil available phosphorus of the same stand age but different site conditions decreased with the increase of soil depth, which showed the order of dune lowland ＞ shady slope ＞ sunny slope; Soil available phosphorus of the same site condition but different stand ages increased with the increase of stand age. The cultivation ofCaragana microphylla Lam was conducive to the improvement of soil properties.

  Combined Application of Biomass Charcoal and Nitrogen Fertilizer: Effects on Microbial Biomass C, Microbial Biomass N and C/N in Tobacco Soil 2017, 33 (12):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050159 Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 656KB )   ( 503 ) Abstract: In order to study and develop the effect of biomass C on soil improvement and quality of tobacco, the soil microbial biomass C, N and carbon-to-nitrogen ration were measured, Dark brown soil as the research object, in order to research the soil microbial C, soil microbial N and carbon-to-nitrogen in three key periods of tobacco applied the biomass C in Mudanjiang area. The results showed that compared with control group, the three key periods of the biomass C and N fertilizer adhibition significantly increased the soil microbial biomass C. The biggest increased 63.25%, 58.00% and 69.81%.The biggest soil microbial biomass N content of three periods was 2.29 times, 2.79 times, 2.01 times as much as control groups differentiate. But the carbon-to-nitrogen of soil microbial biomass C had different degrees lower, the reduction of three periods were 24.06%-28.90%, 29.37%-43.47%, 20.64%-34.44% respectively, and the 1200 kg/hm2 biomass C and 5.5kg/hm2 N fertilizer combined application had obvious reduction effect to the carbon-to-nitrogen of soil. Therefore, through the biomass C, N fertilizer could effectively improve the soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N content and N biological activity of dark brown soil.

  Analysis of Major Fertility Characteristics of Different Tobacco Cultivation Soils in Panzhihua City 2017, 33 (12):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050178 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 473KB )   ( 420 ) In order to provide technical references for fertilization indifferent tobacco cultivation soils in Panzhihua, soil major fertility characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that among the six different tobacco cultivation soils investigated: (1) soil pH value of 61.86% purple soil was suitable for flue-cured tobacco growth, followed by yellow brown soil, red soil, lateritic red soil, paddy soil and limestone soil; (2) the highest proportion of soil organic matter content above 15 g/kg was found in yellow brown soil with 73.4%, followed by paddy soil, purple soil, red soil, limestone soil and lateritic red soil; (3) soil average available nitrogen contents in all tested soils were above 100 mg/kg, the highest amount was detected in the paddy soil with a mean value of 123 mg/kg, while the lowest was in the lateritic red soil with average content of 106 mg/kg, available nitrogen content in purple soil was 117 mg/kg; (4) though all the tested soils were in medium available phosphorus level with an average value ranged from 15 to 20 mg/kg, the variation of soil available phosphorus among different soils was obvious; (5) the average content of soil available potassium was all above 100 mg/kg, but the proportion of soil available potassium less than 150 mg/kg exceed 50% of all the analyzed soil which indicated that half of the tobacco cultivation soils in Panzhihua were potassium deficiency.

  Extreme Temperature Events in Arid Region of Northwest China during 1961-2012: Seasonal Spatio-temporal Analysis 2017, 33 (12):  63-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080111 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 2003KB )   ( 439 ) Based on daily temperature data (minimum, maximum) of 83 stations, spatial and temporal changes of extreme temperature events over arid region of northwest China were analyzed and predicted for the period 1961~2012, so as to better service for the ecological protection and agricultural production. (1) From the trend of time, the average minimum/maximum temperature(TMINmean/TMAXmean) had an ascending tendency, especially after 1981, winter and autumn are the most significant; Extra-minimum air temperature (TNn) and extra-maximum air temperature (TXx) had an raising trend, warm days (TX90p) and nights(TN90p) had an increasing trend, it was worthwhile to note that the most significant change above was the night indices of summer; Additionally, mutation were found firstly in winter during 1979~1986. Apart from the variation rate of TNn in summer, the seasonal and seasonal variations of the other indices in the period 2013-2020 are consistent with the increase and decrease in the period 1961-2012. (2)From spatial distribution, the maximum number of days (nights), the minimum number of cold days (nights) were in the Northern Division, while Inner Mongolia - Ningxia Division of the fastest rate of change; 2013-2020, Xinjiang In the Inner Mongolia - Ningxia and Nanjiang sub - regions, the extreme minimum (high) temperature extremes of the summer days decreased drastically (increased) in the cold days and cold nights.

  Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Events: In Qingyang Loess Tableland Region, 1965-2015 焦美龄,路亚奇 and 王燕凌 2017, 33 (12):  74-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090021 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 984KB )   ( 482 ) To research the change characteristics and regularity of extreme temperature and precipitation events in Qingyang loess tableland region, and provide a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation, based on average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, precipitation and other observation data of Xifeng station during 1965- 2015, we conducted the analysis by applying a variety of methods and indexes. The results indicated that: (1) in Qingyang loess tableland region, the annual average precipitation was 539 mm, the extreme precipitation threshold was 22.7 mm; the extreme precipitation days were 4.8 days; the extreme precipitation intensity was 36.6 mm/d, the times of rainstorm was 32; (2) the annual average temperature was 9℃; the extreme maximum temperature was 29.2-36.4℃, the extreme minimum temperature was -22.6 ? -11.3℃, the summer days were 65.1, the low temperature days were 125.7, the high temperature frequency was 31 times; (3) the annual precipitation, the extreme precipitation, the extreme precipitation days and the intensity presented a decreasing trend, the maximum daily precipitation in the year had an insignificant upward trend, storm change trend was steady; (4) the annual average temperature, the extreme maximum temperature, the extreme minimum temperature and the total summer days all presented a rising trend, the low temperature days decreased corresponding to the increase of the annual mean temperature and the extreme minimum temperature; (5) there was a positive linear correlation between the annual precipitation and the extreme precipitation, the extreme precipitation and the extreme precipitation days and the intensity; the increase of the extreme minimum temperature and the decrease of the low temperature days significantly contributed to the increase of the average temperature.

  Construction and Analysis of Normalized Full-length cDNA Library of Bitter Melon Fruit in Goods Mature Period 2017, 33 (12):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050184 Abstract + ( 635 )   PDF ( 679KB )   ( 336 ) In order to construct a full-length cDNA library of bitter melon fruit in goods mature period and analyze the sequence of EST, in this research, we constructed a full-length cDNA library of bitter melon fruit for polypeptide bitter melon parent‘189-4’in goods mature period using the SMART technology. The tested results showed that the capacity of the library was 2.08×106, restructuring at a rate of 96.29%, the average insertion fragment ranged from 750 to 2000 bp, and the insert fragment average size was about 1000 bp. By sequenced 400 monoclonal randomly, we got 370 EST and the sequence analysis results showed that 350 had a homology, full length rate was 70%; 19 sequence had no matching, 320 was unigene, among them there were 10 contigs, 260 single genes, and there were about 48 genes possibly related to the nutrition quality. This research laid a foundation for the screening, cloning of functional genes for the bitter melon.

  Effect of Microbial Fertilizers on Survival Rate, Morbidity and Yield of Watermelon in Solar Greenhouse 2017, 33 (12):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070127 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 488KB )   ( 491 ) The authors used 3 kinds of microbial fertilizers (YBGJ, EM, MMJ) to study their effects on watermelon roots. The results showed that after the application of three microbial fertilizers, the growth of watermelon was promoted, there was significant difference among the three treatments on the morbidity of seedlings (P <0.01), YBGJ could effectively decrease the morbidity of wilt and had the best effect; after 1 year of the application of EM, the morbidity of watermelon root and stem decreased, after the application of YBGJ, the morbidity of leaf decreased and morbidity of clubroot decreased. There was no significant difference among the treatments on the yield (P >0.05), treatment YBGJ had better effect on yield, the order was YBGJ＞EM＞ MMJ＞CK. After the use of microbial fertilizers, survival rate, morbidity and yield were all improved compared with those of CK, the use of microbial fertilizer on vegetable in greenhouse should be suggested.

  Effects of Temperature and Gibberellin on Seed Germination of Solanum torvum 2017, 33 (12):  92-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050183 Abstract + ( 993 )   PDF ( 828KB )   ( 377 ) In order to study the germination characteristics of Solanum torvum and determine the effective and simple sprouting method in production, Solanum torvum seeds harvested in 2012- 2014 were treated by changing temperature, constant temperature and gibberellin (GA3) concentration, and the germination was analyzed. Results showed that 30℃ 16 h/20℃ 8 h was the best changing temperature to accelerate germination and seeds germination peak was at 7-13 d after sprouting in the best changing temperature. 200 mg/L GA3 treatment could speed up the germination of seeds which were stored more than one year. Besides, soaking in water with constant temperature sprouting was against Solanum torvum germination, but soaked by 600- 1000 mg/L GA3 for 24 h could make the seed germination peak at 7-10 d after sprouting, and germination rate could reach 90% . 600 mg/L GA3 soaking was the most suitable concentration for constant temperature germination. Our results suggest that seeds of Solanum torvum soaked in water and sprouting under 30℃16 h/ 20℃ 8 h changing temperature condition can meet the production requirements, if the sprouting is under constant temperature, 600 mg/L GA3 can be used for soaking. Although soaked in 600-1000 mg/L GA3 with constant temperature sprouting can make the seeds of Solanum torvum germinate faster than those soaked in water with changing temperature sprouting under 30℃16 h/20℃8 h, considering the quality and preparation of GA3, 200 mg/L GA3 soaking treatment with changing temperature sprouting under 30℃16 h/20℃8 h is more applicable in production.

  Resistance Identification Method on Buckwheat Ring Rot and Screening of Disease Resistance Germplasm Resources 2017, 33 (12):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120120 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 588KB )   ( 483 ) The using of resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method to control the diseases. In this study, with TP2 and KP14 as the material, the adaxial surface of healthy buckwheat seedling leaves which were respectively treated with one time pricking, three times pricking and five times pricking were inoculated with the disc from LW11 strain culture of buckwheat ring rot pathogen to establishing an effective method to identify buckwheat resistance to ring rot. To verify the accuracy and the stability

  Effects of Triazole Fungicide on Ultrastructural Changes of Botryosphaeria dothidea 2017, 33 (12):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060070 Abstract + ( 806 )   To study the influence of triazole fungicide on the morphology and structure of Botryosphaeria dothidea. Tebuconazole and difenoconazole, which were commonly used in production, were selected to treat Botryosphaeria dothidea. By optic and electron microscopy technology, the effects of new triazole fungicide on the histology and ultrastructure of Botryosphaeria dothidea were studied. The results showed that tebuconazole and difenoconazole could cause a series of changes of Botryosphaeria dothidea significantly, for example, inhibiting growth of hyphae, hyphae no longer had prostrate growth, but had epitrophy growth. And the hyphae were wizened, abnormal, the branches increased, some long and some short, irregular and unevenly swollen. Some of hyphae showed cracking phenomenon with different degrees. All these structural changes hindered the growth of hyphae of Botryosphaeria dothidea severely, and then hyphal cells broke up and died.

  Analysis of Stability and Antifungal Effect of Fermentation Broth of Two Streptomyces albidoflavus 2017, 33 (12):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110148 Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 780KB )   ( 389 ) To lay the foundation for clarifying the biocontrol potential ability and developing the biological pesticide formulation of two Streptomyces albidoflavus, the stability and antifungal effect of the fermentation broth were analyzed. The antifungal activity on Fusarium oxysporum was detected by cylinder plate method, plate growth inhibition assay, mycelium dry weight method and spore germination inhibition method, and the membrane permeability was measured by conductivity test. The results showed that the fermentation broth of HD-103 and HD-109 had good stability under the condition of fluorescent light and low temperature, and could maintain antifungal activity at the original level of 80% after being treated with proteinase K, but had different sensitivities to organic solvents. EC50 values of the antifungal crude extracts of HD-103 and HD-109 were 97.9 μg/mL and 120.2 μg/mL on inhibiting F. oxysporum hypha growth, whileEC 50 on spore germination was 90.57 μg/mL and 83.36 μg/mL, respectively. Conductivity test indicated that the fermentation broth of two strains caused damage of plasma membrane of F. oxysporum. HD-103 and HD-109 had inhibitory effects on mycelia growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum, their fermentation broth had good stability，therefore they have the potential to develop into biocontrol agents.

  Anti-mosquito Effect of 3 Kinds of Insecticides on Ades albopictus 王宏进,林宇翔,黄嘉玮 and 常健 2017, 33 (12):  115-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090035 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 342 ) The lethal effect of three different pesticides on two Aedes albopictus strains was explored in this study. The resistance was compared and studied. At the condition of (26.3±1.0)℃ and relative humidity of (65.0±10.0)%, the medium lethal concentration (LC50) and resistance ratios of beta-cypermethrin, dichlorvos, propoxur on susceptible-strain and wild-strain A. albopictus in 24 hours were measured by dipping method. The results showed that the LC50 of beta cypermethrin in 24 hours on susceptible-strain and wild-strain A. albopictus was 0.0073 mg/L and 0.0189 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 of dichlorvos was 0.2062 mg/L and 0.5115 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 of propoxur was 3.5987 mg/L and 1.6796 mg/L, respectively. In resistance detection test, propoxur showed a resistance ratio of 2.1, the lowest compared with the other two pesticides, with beta cypermethrin and dichlorvos showing 2.6 and 2.5 of resistance ratio, respectively. Based on lethal and accumulation effects of pesticides, it is concluded that the three pesticides all show low drug resistance and beta cypermethrin presents the best lethal effect while propoxur the lowest drug resistance.

  Effects of Distance, Temperature, and Concentration of Prey Fluids on Location of Pardosa preudoannulate 周子华,,, and 2017, 33 (12):  119-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090096 Abstract + ( 576 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 252 ) In order to clarify the relationships between Pardosa pseudoannulata and prey, the choice accuracy for the prey was used as the index, the effect of temperature (20℃, 24℃, 28℃, 32℃), distance (4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm, 16 cm) and concentration of prey fluids (15%, 30%, 45%, 60%) on Pardosa pseudoannulata locating the prey was studied through L16(43) orthogonal experiment. The range analysis results showed that the sequence of the choice accuracy caused by the factors was as follows: distance＞temperature＞concentration of prey fluids. The verification experiment confirmed that the optimal combination for choice accuracy was 4 cm distance, 24℃ and 60% prey fluids. Under this condition, the selection correct rate was (79.76±3.60)%.

  Research Progress of Functional Ingredients on Adlay 2017, 33 (12):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080098 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 623KB )   ( 1061 ) Adlay resource is very rich in China and has great pharmacy application value. To clarify adlay main functional ingredients and explore its utility value, this paper summarizes research progress in adlay functional ingredients including functional amino acid, protein, oil, vitamin, mineral element, polysaccharide, polyphenols, etc., and points out that compared with seed kernel parts of adlay, the non-seed kernel parts of adlay contain the same functional ingredients which can enhance immunity and inhibit tumor growth, moreover, have larger biomass and wider utilization prospects. At last, we presents the idea of using non-seed kernel parts of adlay to substitute seed kernel as feeds, medicines, food and cosmetics materials as well. The paper will provide references for further exploitation and utilization of adlay.

  Browning Mechanism of North Qinglongyi 王伟明 2017, 33 (12):  129-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100105 Abstract + ( 863 )   The browning phenomenon of water loss and color becoming darker of North Qinglongyi occurs during the storage period from fresh to dry. Studying the mechanism of the browning process can provide a basis for controlling the browning and improving the stability of medicinal materials. The North Qinglongyi fruit peel was used as the experimental material and stored at 4℃. The changes of browning degree (BD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reducing sugar and Vitamin C (VC) were studied. The experimental data showed that the color of the fruit peel became darker, TP content decreased, PPO activity decreased, PAL activity increased, SOD and POD activity increased first and then decreased, MDA content increased, reducing sugar and VC content decreased. BD, PPO, SOD, POD activity had significantly negative correlation with TP content, and significantly positive correlation with PAL activity, and had no significant correlation with VC as well as reducing sugar. The enzymatic browning and non-enzymatic browning appeared in the storage of North Qinglongyi, the enzymatic browning was the main browning, and PPO might act an important role in enzymatic browning.

  Study on Genetic Diversity of Bletilla striata Germplasm Resources Using RAPD and ISSR Markers 2017, 33 (12):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010097 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 419 ) The research aims at analyzing genetic relationship between wild and domesticated Bletilla striata populations in different areas, and providing support for the protection and utilization of B. striata resources. With RAPD and ISSR markers, at the molecular level, the study identified the differences of genetic diversity among 12 B. striata resources in Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan and Jiangxi. The cluster analysis was used to analyze the differences by UPGMA. The results showed that in 36 RAPD primers, 13 primers got clear band and high polymorphism. In 15 ISSR primers, 2 primers obtained clear band with high polymorphism, and 40 polymorphic bands. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that high genetic diversity was found among 12 B. striata resources. The genetic distance reached up to 0.975. The selected materials were divided into two branches: Hunan, Jiangxi as a branch, Hubei, Guizhou and Yunnan as another branch. RAPD and ISSR markers could reveal the genetic diversity of B. striata resources at the molecular level. Besides, it was found that ISSR markers could amplify more polymorphic bands and get higher polymorphic ratio than that of RAPD markers. And the conducting analysis was not restricted by time and place, and the analysis results were also more stable and reliable. It was concluded that there were some correlations between the differences of genetic diversity among the B. striata populations and geographic locations, which provided related data and theory to further study on B. striata species evolution and genetic diversity.

  Cluster Analysis of Sugar Beet Resistance to Cercospora Leaf Spot with SRAP Makers 2017, 33 (12):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120048 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 322 ) The aims are to identify and analyze domestic and foreign sugar beet varieties with better resistance to Cercospora leaf spot, and provide a basis for screening and breeding excellent disease-resistant varieties in the future. Field investigation and molecular marker were used in this study. 12 pairs SRAP molecule markers were used to detect 25 domestic and foreign varieties. A total of 104 unambiguous bands were obtained by SRAP-PCR, 67 of which were polymorphic. The average ratio of polymorphic bands was 64.4%. The genetic distance was 0.4670, and the genetic similarity was 0.6269. The results of field investigation showed that nine varieties belonged to the level 2 Cercospora leaf spot disease, and three varieties had Cercospora leaf spot disease level lower than level 2. The cluster analysis showed that 25 genotypes were divided into three cluster groups based on cluster analysis (at intercept of 0.20), and the first group was divided into two sub-groups. The clustering results were consistent with the field survey results. The results showed that‘TY305’(domestic), ‘TY309’(domestic) and‘w5-1’(domestic) had better resistance to Cercospora leaf spot. SRAP molecular markers had reference value for dividing Cercospora leaf spot resistant varieties of sugar beet.

  Study on the Characteristics During the Early Stage of Ontogeny in Nymphoides indica 2017, 33 (12):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010026 Abstract + ( 902 )   The paper aims to understand the early developmental characteristics of ontogeny of Nymphoides indica. The morphological structure from seed to seedling of N. indica was observed using a combined way of morphologic observation and conventional paraffin section technique. The results showed that papillary sculpture was on the surface of the seed, higher embryo differentiation was found when the seed was leaving the matrix, the root and seedling had no clear differentiation in the mature embryo stage. During the seed germination, the hypocotyl elongated, and the radicle broke through seed coat. In this stage, the root collar rose from the junction between the hypocotyl and the radicle, and then, the collet hairs were sprouting in the field of the root collar. The collet hairs of root had single cell structure, developed from the outward depression of epidermal cell, and they were different from the root hairs in the time and place of appearance. The cotyledon stage of seedlings lasted for at least 10 days, and during this period, the root developed from the taproot system to the fibrous root system. At the stage of the fruit maturity, most of embryo in N. indica developed to mature embryo stage. The root collar and collet hairs appeared from the junction between the hypocotyl and the radicle during the early stage of seed germination. The development of roots was faster than that of seedlings. So, it can be inferred that the early developmental process of N. indica from seeds to seedlings has the hydrophilous developmental traits, and the late developmental process has the terrestrial developmental traits.

  Dynamic Analysis of Farmer Household Model Production Specialization 胡可嘉 and 2017, 33 (12):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080086 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 328 ) In agriculture, well-defined labor division has not been constructed, and farmers still dominate as the mainstay in production. In order to study the mode of farmer household production, this paper used dynamic analysis methods from a production point of view. Firstly, farmers’production would be divided into labor- intensive and capital- intensive of farmers, and hence specialized division could be achieved. The optimal control theory and Bellman equation were adopted to analyze the optimal growth path under specialized production, the selection behavior of farmers in dynamic production process, and the reasons why the mode of farmers household production could not be specialized from the angle of factor supplying. It concluded that the farmers’specialized production was the optimal path to realize the optimal resource allocation. And unemployment risk of specialized production was the main limited factor leading to the outcome that farmers were unable to come to the specialization of producer in the two factors as labor and capital.

  Rural Homestead Consolidation Potential and Influencing Factors Based on Famers ’Willingness: A Case Study of Maoershan Town in Heilongjiang Province 2017, 33 (12):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090128 Abstract + ( 658 )   PDF ( 608KB )   ( 567 ) The research of rural homestead consolidation potential can provide a basis for estimating regional land resource potential. The author selected Maoershan Town in Heilongjiang Province as the study area, complex investigations and household survey were combined, the consolidation potential of rural homestead in the study area was calculated by the vacancy rates, the rural homestead consolidation potential influencing factors index system was built from individual variable characteristics, family characteristics variables and the variables of economic and policy. The logistic binary regression model was used to analyze the main influencing factor of homestead consolidation potential in the study area. The results showed that: there was great potential for consolidation of rural homestead in the study area, approximately 13% of the homestead could be organized; the main factors that influenced homestead consolidation in the study area focused on household characteristic variables and the variables of economic and policy, the impact of personal characteristic variables was relatively small. Rural homestead consolidation had strong feasibility, which could provide important reference for the potential exploitation of rural construction land and the intensive use of construction land.