SCMC Affecting Cytoplasmic Lattices Formation and Development of Early Embryo: A Review

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080091

Abstract

Abstract: A large amount of RNA and proteins exist in oocytes before fertilization and play a vital role in subsequent early embryonic development. Subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is one of the most important compounds in oocytes, and plays an essential role in oocyte maturation, gene controlling of oocyte-to-embryo transition in early embryo development and imprinted gene expression. In order to clarify the mechanisms of SCMC regulating these important functions, we mainly focused on four components of SCMC, i.e., FLOPED, MATER, TLE6 and PADI6. The research progress of these components and their functions on formation of cytoplasmic lattices (CPLs) in oocytes and the early embryo development was overviewed, which could provide a reference for the study on SCMC.

References

1. Tong, Z.-B. and L.M. Nelson, A mouse gene encoding an oocyte antigen associated with autoimmune premature ovarian failure. Endocrinology, 1999. 140(8): p. 3720-3726.
2. Liang, L.-f., S.M. Soyal, and J. Dean, FIGalpha, a germ cell specific transcription factor involved in the coordinate expression of the zona pellucida genes. Development, 1997. 124(24): p. 4939-4947.
3. Capco, D.G., et al., Cytoskeletal sheets of mammalian eggs and embryos: A lattice-like network of intermediate filaments. Cell motility and the cytoskeleton, 1993. 24(2): p. 85-99.
4. Kim, K.-H. and K.-A. Lee, Maternal effect genes: Findings and effects on mouse embryo development. Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine, 2014. 41(2): p. 47-61.
5. Bettegowda, A., et al., JY-1, an oocyte-specific gene, regulates granulosa cell function and early embryonic development in cattle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007. 104(45): p. 17602-17607.
6. Ohsugi, M., et al., Maternally derived FILIA-MATER complex localizes asymmetrically in cleavage-stage mouse embryos. Development, 2008. 135(2): p. 259-269.
7. Li, L., B. Baibakov, and J. Dean, A subcortical maternal complex essential for preimplantation mouse embryogenesis. Developmental cell, 2008. 15(3): p. 416-425.
8. Schultz, R.M., The molecular foundations of the maternal to zygotic transition in the preimplantation embryo. Human Reproduction Update, 2002. 8(4): p. 323-331.
9. Tong, Z.-B., L.M. Nelson, and J. Dean, Mater encodes a maternal protein in mice with a leucine-rich repeat domain homologous to porcine ribonuclease inhibitor. Mammalian Genome, 2000. 11(4): p. 281-287.
10. Tong, Z.-B., et al., Mater, a maternal effect gene required for early embryonic development in mice. Nature genetics, 2000. 26(3): p. 267-268.
11. Yurttas, P., et al., Role for PADI6 and the cytoplasmic lattices in ribosomal storage in oocytes and translational control in the early mouse embryo. Development, 2008. 135(15): p. 2627-2636.
12. Condic, M.L., The Role of Maternal-Effect Genes in Mammalian Development: Are Mammalian Embryos Really an Exception? Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2016: p. 1-9.
13. Kim, B., et al., Potential role for MATER in cytoplasmic lattice formation in murine oocytes. PloS one, 2010. 5(9): p. e12587.
14. Bebbere, D., et al., Expression pattern of zygote arrest 1 (ZAR1), maternal antigen that embryo requires (MATER), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) genes in ovine oocytes and in vitro-produced preimplantation embryos. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2008. 20(8): p. 908-915.
15. Bebbere, D., et al., The subcortical maternal complex: multiple functions for one biological structure? Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2016: p. 1-8.
16. Lim, A.K. and B.B. Knowles, Controlling endogenous retroviruses and their chimeric transcripts during natural reprogramming in the oocyte. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2015. 212(suppl 1): p. S47-S51.
17. Li, L., P. Zheng, and J. Dean, Maternal control of early mouse development. Development, 2010. 137(6): p. 859-870.
18. Kim, B., et al., The role of MATER in endoplasmic reticulum distribution and calcium homeostasis in mouse oocytes. Developmental biology, 2014. 386(2): p. 331-339.
19. Tashiro, F., et al., Maternal-effect gene Ces5/Ooep/Moep19/Floped is essential for oocyte cytoplasmic lattice formation and embryonic development at the maternal-zygotic stage transition. Genes to Cells, 2010. 15(8): p. 813-828.
20. Peng, H., et al., Knockdown of NLRP5 arrests early embryogenesis in sows. Animal Reproduction Science, 2015. 163: p. 151-156.
21. Yu, C., et al., BTG4 is a meiotic cell cycle-coupled maternal-zygotic-transition licensing factor in oocytes. Nature structural molecular biology, 2016. 23(5): p. 387-394.
22. Park, M.-W., et al., Associations among Sebox and other MEGs and its effects on early embryogenesis. PloS one, 2015. 10(2): p. e0115050.
23. Hu, J., et al., Insulin–transferrin–selenium (ITS) improves maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro. Zygote, 2011. 19(03): p. 191-197.
24. Duncan, F.E., et al., Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split-6 (TLE6) Is a Substrate of Protein Kinase A Activity During Mouse Oocyte Maturation 1. Biology of reproduction, 2014. 90(3): p. 1-12.
25. Alazami, A.M., et al., TLE6 mutation causes the earliest known human embryonic lethality. Genome biology, 2015. 16(1): p. 1.
26. Yan-dong, L.I., et al., Signaling Pathways Involving in Mammalian Oocyte Maturation: A Review. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2015. 34(2).
27. Agarwal, M., P. Kumar, and S.J. Mathew, The Groucho/Transducin-ike enhancer of split protein family in animal development. IUBMB life, 2015. 67(7): p. 472-481.
28. Lu, Y.-q., X.-c. He, and P. Zheng, Decrease in expression of maternal effect gene Mater is associated with maternal ageing in mice. Molecular human reproduction, 2016. 22(4): p. 252-260.
29. van Beers, J.J.B.C., et al., Peptidylarginine deiminase expression and activity in PAD2 knock-out and PAD4-low mice. Biochimie, 2011. 95(2): p. 299-308.
30. Wright, P.W., et al., ePAD, an oocyte and early embryo-abundant peptidylarginine deiminase-like protein that localizes to egg cytoplasmic sheets. Developmental biology, 2003. 256(1): p. 74-89.
31. Zhu, K., et al., Identification of a human subcortical maternal complex. Molecular human reproduction, 2015. 21(4): p. 320-329.
32. Suzuki, A., et al., Decreased severity of experimental autoimmune arthritis in peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 knockout mice. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2016. 17(1): p. 1.
33. Esposito, G., et al., Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 6 is essential for oocyte cytoskeletal sheet formation and female fertility. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2007. 273(1): p. 25-31.
34. Monti, M., et al., Developmental arrest and mouse antral not-surrounded nucleolus oocytes. Biology of reproduction, 2013. 88(1): p. 2.
35. Docherty, L.E., et al., Mutations in NLRP5 are associated with reproductive wastage and multilocus imprinting disorders in humans. Nature communications, 2015. 6.
36. Jaitin, D.A., et al., Massively parallel single-cell RNA-seq for marker-free decomposition of tissues into cell types. Science, 2014. 343(6172): p. 776-779.
37. Tang, F., et al., Tracing the derivation of embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass by single-cell RNA-Seq analysis. Cell stem cell, 2014. 6(5): p. 468-478.
38. Deng, Q., et al., Single-cell RNA-seq reveals dynamic, random monoallelic gene expression in mammalian cells. Science, 2014. 343(6167): p. 193-196.
39. Yan, L., et al., Single-cell RNA-Seq profiling of human preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cells. Nature structural molecular biology, 2013. 20(9): p. 1131-1139.
40. Islam, S., et al., Quantitative single-cell RNA-seq with unique molecular identifiers. Nature methods, 2014. 11(2): p. 163-166.