Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.26 Published:19 September 2017

  Antioxidant Characteristics of Different Sweetpotato Root Types with Different Drought Tolerance 2017, 33 (26):  1-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080115 Abstract + ( 1351 )   In order to revolve physiological mechanism of drought tolerance in sweetpotato, Jishu21 (JS21) with strong drought tolerance and Jizishu1(JZS1) with weak drought tolerance were choosed to research antioxidative character of sweetpotato under normal and drought treatments in rain-shelter. The results showed the decreasing range of H2O2 content and O2— generation rate in fibrous root, thick root, storage root of JS21 was more larger than JZS1. Whether normal or drought treatment, H2O2 content and O2— generation rate were the lowest in fibrous root, H2O2 content was the highest instorage root, and O2— generation rate was the highest in thich root. Under drought condition, the increasing range of Vc and polyphenol content in two varieties were about the same, but the decreasing range of Vc and polyphenol content in three root types of JS21 was more larger than JZS1. Whether normal or drought treatment, Vc and polyphenol content were the highest in thick root, and the lowest in storage root. The activities of SOD, CAT, APX and PPO were the highest in fibrous root of two varieties, but CAT, APX and PPO were the lowest in storage, and SOD were the lowest in thick root. Under normal treatment, the activity of POD was the highest in thick root, but lowest in storage root. Under drought treatment, the activity of POD was the highest in fibrous root, but lowest in thick root, and the increasing range of SOD, CAT, POD, APX and PPO in three root types of JS21 were more lager than JZS1 from transplanting to 3rd sampling date, the decreasing range of CAT, POD, APX and PPO in three root types of JS21 were more smaller than JZS1 from 3rd sampling date to 5th sampling date. In conclusion, 70 days after transplanting maybe was the time of the highest antioxidative capacity, antioxidant content was higher in thick root, but antioxidantive enzymes were higher in fibrous root, antioxidative enzymes of the variety with stronger drought tolerance increased more faster and decreased more slower under drought condition.

  Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) in Plants Applied in Crop Genetics Research 李保全 2017, 33 (26):  11-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080112 Abstract + ( 1651 )   MITE was first discovered in exon 11 of wx-B2 gene in the genome of Maize and be sorted to a novel non-autonomous DNA transposable elements which constitute a short DNA fragment (usually <600bp) with TIR and TSD. Since the TIRs complementing with each other, it tend to form a stem-loop in the secondary structure of MTEs. In the preliminary research stage, two super-families were mainly classified based on TSD sequences: Tourist-like (3-bp, TAA) and Stowaway-like (2-bp, TA). With explosion of genomic sequence inforamtion and development of analysis tools, later studies also find hAT-like (8bp TSD) and Mutator-like (9bp TSD) superfamilies. Subsequent researches reveal MITEs prevalence in almost all organism genomes, animals, plants and bacteria, ect. MITEs exist in genome with large amount of families and high copy numbers, and they become an important constituent of genomes.They distributed in genome widely, but not randomly, most copies prior to distribute in euchromatin regions and significant gene associated. Despite the short length limited proteins coding capacity of MITEs, part of their sequence can be transcript accompany with the neighboring genes. The novel transcripts deriving from MITEs provide sourse for new gene generation or serve as an alternative exon. Moreover, MITEs are the main contributor for siRNAs in plants, indicating the epigenetic regulation mechamism of MITEs induced gene expression. MITEs originate from internal deletion of autonomous transposable element, their activity and amplification induced by specific recognition and binding to the TIR region of transposase. Different profiles of MITEs insertion provide genetic diversity for natural selection and domestication. Recent results demonstrate that MITEs associated important agricultural traits through regulating the key genes expression about those traits. This paper mainly review progresses on the function and evolution of MITEs in recent years and propound perspective in crop genetic improvement.

  In Vitro Cultivation Technology of Winter jasmine L. 刘芳,袁有美,陈建荣,朱天彧,邝鼎 and 唐映红 2017, 33 (26):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110115 Abstract + ( 1153 )   To study the effects of different culture conditions on regeneration of adventitious bud and rooting of Winter jasmine, and screen the optimum culture condition, we used flower stems with buds of Winter jasmine as materials. By means of inducing the callus, callus differentiation of shoots and rooting, the rapid propagation system of Winter jasmine was established. The results showed that the effective medium for callus-inducing was WPM + 3.0 mg/L6-BA + 0.5 mg/LNAA, and the ratio was 100%. The effective medium for stem-inducing was WPM + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA, and the ratio was 56.8%. The effective medium for rooting was 1/2 WPM+0.5 mg/L NAA, and the rooting rate was 85%, roots were flourishing, and the test-tube plantlet was strong. The culture condition was illumination intensity 1500 lx, illumination time 12 h/d and culture temperature 25℃. The type and concentration of growth regulator had obvious effects on sprouting time and regeneration rate of adventitious bud.

  Triterpenes from Astragali complanati Semen: Enzyme-assisted Extraction Technology Optimized by Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Activity 史美荣 2017, 33 (26):  25-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020067 Abstract + ( 874 )   The aim is to study the enzyme- assisted extraction technology of triterpenes from Astragali complanati Semen and the antioxidant activityin vitro . Based on a single factor experiment, the four factors of Box-Benhnken experimental design were determined, including liquid to solid ratio, enzyme additive amount, enzymolysis temperature and enzymolysis time. Using the extraction rate of triterpenes as the response value, the response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process of triterpenes in Astragali complanati Semen and a mathematical model was built and analyzed. Antioxidant activity of triterpenes from Astragali complanati Semen was evaluated by free radical scavenging ability system. The optimization analysis showed that the optimal process parameters were as follows: liquid to solid ratio was 40 mL/g, enzyme additive amount was 500 μg/mL, enzymolysis temperature was 40℃, enzymolysis time was 50 min. The theoretical value of triterpenes extraction rate was 8.08%, the actual value was 7.98%, the relative standard deviation was 0.12%. Astragali complanati Semen had a stronger capacity to scavenge DPPH free radical, O2-· free radical, hydroxyl free radical and Fe3+ free radical. Therefore, this method is efficient and simple, and can be used to extract the triterpenes from Astragali complanati Semen; triterpenes from Astragali complanati Semen have significant antioxidant capacityin vitro

  Advances in the Functional Study of Vertebrates RNase1 王卫民 2017, 33 (26):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100111 Abstract + ( 974 )   Pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase1) gene is a member of ribonuclease (RNase) A gene superfamily. Currently, RNase1 gene has been widely studied in mammals. RNase1 gene has attracted many researchers’ attention. It has become one of the key genes in studying animal adaptive evolution of feeding habits. In order to study the functions and characteristics of RNase1 gene in vertebrates, this paper briefly illustrated the molecular and protein structure characteristics of RNase A, and summarized the expression patterns and the research progress on functions of RNase1 gene in mammals, fish and other vertebrates. In addition, this paper also summed up the evolution analysis of RNase1 gene, and speculated the research trend of RNase1 gene in the future.

  Afforestation Effect of Vaccinating Different Probiotics on Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla‘GLGU9’ 张丽琼,秦武明 and 2017, 33 (26):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090111 Abstract + ( 945 )   The authors investigated the growth factors in sample plot of 3.5-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla‘GLGU9’plantation with the inoculation of different probiotics, and analyzed the economic benefit and the effect of vaccinating different probiotics on Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla‘GLGU9’, by using the single-factor randomized block design method. The results showed that: compared with control, after 3.5 years afforestation of Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla‘GLGU9’vaccinating N1, P1 and 40K, DBH, tree height and single timber volume increased by 15.3%, 9.8%, 24.7%; 19.1%, 15.0%, 15.0%; 53.4%, 35.7%, 70.9%, respectively. From the perspective of economic efficiency indicators, the investment profit rate, the profit and tax, the net present value and the internal rate of return increased more than 12.8%, 7.0%, 47.3% and 21.9% compared with those of control. The statistical analysis indicated that the increase of tree height, DBH, single timber volume and the indicators of economic growth of Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla ‘GLGU9’vaccinating probiotics were obvious and reached significant level, among them, Eucalyptus grandis× E.urophylla‘GLGU9’vaccinating 40K had gained the maximum profit and had the best economic benefit.

  Resource Investigation and Exploitation of Wild Ornamental Vine in Zhangjiajie 2017, 33 (26):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120047 Abstract + ( 564 )   An investigation to know the present situation of wild ornamental vine species in Zhangjiajie city based on literature research, field study and summary analysis. The results showed that there were 40 families, 87 genera and 192 ornamental vines. By AHP, the 192 species of wild vines were evaluated, sorted and graded synthetically. Among them, the first class of the development and value in use about wild vines was 17 species. The second was 43, the third was 42, and the forth was 90. The results of the analysis would screen a batch of vine plants with high ornamental value for constructing the garden city of Zhangjiajie.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flowering Chinese Cabbage‘Sutai 1’in Field 2017, 33 (26):  52-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090041 Abstract + ( 1129 )   By studying the photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid variety flowering chinese cabbage sutai 1 in the field and understand the physiological basis for high yield, providing data support for environmental regulation on production, as well as improve the photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthetic traits heterosis of flowering chinese cabbage, provides a case study. Youlv 501 caixin, whose inbred lines is the male parent of Suetai 1, was used as the control, to determine the photosynthetic indicators of two varieties in different growth period, and daily changes in bud bolting stage. The experimental results showed that: (1) compare with control, sutai 1 displayed no difference on net photosynthetic rate under low light intensity in whole growth period, and displayed obvious higher than control under high light intensity. Moreover, sutai 1 appeared the photoinhibition phenomenon only in fruiting period, and was later than control. The control group appeared the photoinhibition phenomenon in all the stage except for collection period. The trend about both of the photosynthetic capacity of sutai1 and control leaves were exhibited this sequence from high to low: squaring and bolting stage, picking stage, flowering stage, seedling stage and fruiting stage. Moreover, the phenomenon that photosynthetic capacity of sutai1 leaves stronger than control became more obvious with later development progress. (2) the photosynthetic simulation parameters of sutai 1 in whole growth period: the range of light compensation point with sutai 1 was 14.31～40.57μmol?m-2?s-1, and the average was 24.18μmol?m-2?s-1, which lead to 7.38% reduction in value compared with control; the range of respiratory rate was 0.60～1.03μmol?m-2?s-1, and the average was 0.69μmol?m-2?s-1, which lead to 5.98% reduction in value compared with control; the range of apparent quantum yield was 0.0263～0.0323μmolCO2?μmol-1?photons-1, and the average was 0.0287μmolCO2?μmol-1?photons-1, which lead to 10.64% increment in value compared with control; the range of light saturation point was 1521.79～2008.53μmol?m-2?s-1, and the average was 1776.61μmol?m-2?s-1, which lead to 8.36% increment in value compared with control; the range of maximum net photosynthetic rate was 17.33～25.72μmol?m-2?s-1, and the average was 21.51μmol?m-2?s-1, which lead to17.51% increment in value compared with control. (3) In the bud bolting stage, the daily variation of net photosynthetic rate of sutai 1 displayed unimodal curve, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate was 27.30μmolCO2?m-2?s-1 at 10:00, and lead to 7.79% increment in value compared with control; light intensity was more than 800μmol?m-2?s-1 during 8:00~15:00 period, and the net photosynthetic rate was higher than control; the net photosynthetic rate displayed no difference with control when light intensity was less than 500μmol?m-2?s-1 during 16:00~17:00 period; the maximum net photosynthetic rate of sutai 1 decreased 13.37% when the temperature was above 35℃ during 12:00~14:00 period, but remained 23.65μmolCO2?m-2?s-1 high, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate of control decrease 17.43% at the same time. The experimental results showed that the photosynthetic capacity of sutai 1 was stronger in whole growth period, especially in key period of forming commodity (squaring and bolting stage), and can still keep higher net photosynthetic rate in high temperature and intensive light, possessing the photosynthetic physiological basis of high yield.

  Effect of Different Additives in Wheat Fertilizer in Mild Saline-alkali Soil 李乾和 2017, 33 (26):  62-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110082 Abstract + ( 628 )   A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different amounts of additives (humic acid, active calcium and trace elements) on the growth of winter wheat in mild saline-alkali soil. The results showed that the addition of level 1 of trace elements could significantly enhance the tillering ability of wheat, and the addition of level 0 and level 1 of active calcium also had positive effects on it. Level 1 of humic acid and active calcium could significantly increase plant height of wheat; the addition of humic acid could increase the chlorophyll content in the early stage of wheat growth. The addition of humic acid, active calcium and trace elements could increase the biomass of wheat, but had no significant effect on the 1000-grain weight of wheat. Adding high amount of humic acid and trace elements could significantly increase the yield of wheat, while the effect of active calcium was better in low application amount. In this study, level 2 of humic acid, level 0 of active calcium and level 1 of trace elements could increase the yield by 36% and had the best economic benefit, then was level 2 of humic acid, level 1 of active calcium and level 1 of trace elements, which increased the yield by 30.4%. Therefore, under this condition, level 2 of humic acid and level 1 of trace elements were recommended in wheat fertilizer formula, which could ensure high yield of wheat and maintain reasonable fertilizer input.

  Spatial and Temporal Variation of Vegetation Coverage in Mountain Area of Longnan: Based on MODIS EVI 牟建新,徐璐 and 马兴刚 2017, 33 (26):  70-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060017 Abstract + ( 738 )   The paper aims to analyze the influence of the strategy of returning the grain plots to forestry and grass since 2000 to Longnan City of Gansu Province，a high coverage area.Based on the MODIS EVI data during the period from 2000 to 2010, the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation coverage in the Mountain Area of Longnan was studied by using the EVI average analysis, method of vegetation coverage and linear regression trend analysis. The results showed that: The change of vegetation cover the Mountain Area of Longnan increased slowly with the increase of 0.2%/10 From 2000 to 2010, which was lower than that of He-dong region of Gansu Province, Gansu Province, Qinba mountain area and northwest China. Influenced by the distribution of regional elements such as temperature and precipitation, there was a obvious regional difference in vegetation coverage, which had a trend of decreasing from southeast to northwest. The vegetation types in the whole mountain area with vegetation coverage above 45% accounts for the majority part, which were the type of middle and high coverage, and high coverage vegetation., the proportion of forest land is larger than others in Gansu Province. [Conclusion]Although the area of vegetation improvement is larger than that of the degraded area, However, there was a trend of degradation in high vegetation coverage area, Considering the relatively fragile ecological environment, its not be ignored for the Mountain Area of Longnan to strengthen vegetation protection in the future ecological construction.

  Diagnostic Analysis of a Snow Storm Process in North-central Shanxi in Early Winter 2017, 33 (26):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070113 Abstract + ( 742 )   The paper aims to explore the causes and mechanism of snow storm and extract the technical indicators of snow storm forecast. The conventional meteor ological observational data and MICAPS data were used to carry out a diagnostic analysis of a snow storm process occurred on November 5-7, 2015 in northcentral Shanxi. The results showed that: (1) the snow storm occurred under a favorable background caused by the interactions of airflows separately from high and low latitude, and by the combined effect of the surface inverted trough and the backflow, the formation of the backflow was caused by the cold air which was divided from the high pressure and blew southward and stored in the northeast China plain; (2) the maintenance and superposition of low-level jet and super low-level jet were benefited to the abundant provision of water vapor for the snow storm area; the big vapor flux area was consistent with the position of the low-level jet, and the convergence area of moisture flux divergence had a very close relationship with snow storm area, which had a significant instruction for snow storm forecast; (3) the start time of snow was closely related to the convergence and ascending motion; when the dry and cold northeaster flew back to the northern Shanxi and converged with the warm and wet south low-level jet, the shear line and the dry line were formed and the snow was began; after that, the snow gradually expanded to the south with the move of shear line and the dry line southward. The shear line and the dry line was the trigger system of the snow storm process; the northeast cold air on the northern side of the shear line and the dry line played a role as a cold pad, which forced the warm moist air flow to climb along the cold pad, then ascending motion was strengthened and the snow storm was prompted.

  Variation Characteristics of Spring Sunshine Hours in Anhui During 1961-2015 2017, 33 (26):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080113 Abstract + ( 975 )   The daily observational data of sunshine hours at 78 stations in Anhui during the period of 1961-2015 were used to analyze the variation of spring sunshine hours in Anhui and provide the basis for farming arrangements. The variation of the spring sunshine hours in Anhui was analyzed by the methods of correlation analysis, linear tend analysis, Mann-kendall test and Morlet wavelet analysis etc. The study indicated that, the annual average sunshine hours in the spring of Anhui province were between 381.55 and 626.75 hours, increasing from the south to the north of spatial distribution characteristics. The interannual variation of sunshine hours in spring were obvious. The most yearly sunshine hours were 1.7 times more than the least yearly sunshine hours. The change trend of sunshine hours was first decrease and then increase in recent 55 years. There are differences in the duration of sunshine hours. The periodicity of sunshine hours per decade was different. The change trend of sunshine hours from decreasing to increase in the 21st century which was a mutation phenomenon. The spatial distribution of that change trend of spring sunshine hours in Anhui had obvious spatial difference.The sunshine hours had a upward trend in the Huaibei region and a half increase over the Yangtze-Huaibei basin, the trend in the Jiangnan region and along the Yangtze river were mainly increasing.

  Field Efficacy Experiment of Microbial Agent on Potato 2017, 33 (26):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120139 Abstract + ( 676 )   To study the Biological Control and Growth Effect of Bacterium Bacillus subtilis on Potato Scab, black scurf，Small potato rate and Yield.In this experiment, eight different biological agents were selected for field efficacy test. The results addicted that potato microbial agents promoted the yield of potato, and the best use rate was 225kg /hm2 ,Potato-specific microbial agents can significantly reduce the potato scab , black scurf index;the best amount of controlling of potato scab and black scurf is 225kg/hm2 . Key words: potato,potato scab,black scurf

  Investigation on Arthropod Community Diversity in Vegetable Fields 2017, 33 (26):  93-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110113 Abstract + ( 834 )   Understanding the population dynamics and the occurrence rules of arthropod in vegetable field could provide a reasonable theoretical basis for formulating an ecological control strategy to vegetable pests, a systematic investigation of arthropod community diversity was carried out in the vegetable fields of Jianxin town, Fuzhou city. According to the systematic investigation, arthropod communities in vegetable fields consisted by 76 species in 43 families, belonging to 10 orders, 2 classes including 38 species of pests, 5 species of neutral insects and 33 species of natural enemies. The diversity index and the species evenness of arthropod in vegetable field were low, but the dominant concentration index was higher. Basing on the species dominance hierarchy method in ecology, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) was the dominant pest, Opius dimidiatus (Ashmead) was the dominant predatory natural enemy, Opius dimidiatus (Ashmead) had the biggest amount, and the proportion of Chironomus oryzae Matsumura was larger in neutral insects. A well know of the diversity and the structure of arthropod communities will play an important role in ecological control of pests in vegetable fields.

  Effect of Water and Fertilizer on Plant Community Diversity and Productivity in Leymus chinensis Mowing Meadow in Horqin 2017, 33 (26):  100-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060122 Abstract + ( 661 )   [Objective][Method] The experiment was designed with random blocks, and discussed the effects of different applied time and level of water and fertilizer coupling on productivity, community characteristics and species diversity of Leymus chinensis mowing pasture in Horqin. [Result] The result showed that the community height, coverage, density and aboveground biomass significantly increased in the level 15 mm and 150 kg/hm2 (15N) in 15th June and 30th May, and the aboveground biomass was double compared with control. Water and fertilizer coupling was decreased the plant species diversity, and the community Margalef diversity index, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, and Simpson dominance index significantly decreased in 15N of 15th May(P＜0.05). [Conclusion] In conclusion, the optimal improvement time, level of water and fertilizer coupling should be later 30th May, 15N can be respectively recommended in Leymus chinensis mowing pasture in Horqin.

  Growth and Development Regulation of Shaanbei White Cashmere Goat 毕台飞,朱海鲸,于鸿浩 and 屈雷 2017, 33 (26):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080085 Abstract + ( 968 )   The purpose of this study was to reveal the regulation of growth and development in Shanbei white cashmere goats, and provide reference for variety selection and breeding management. 16 males and 23 females, similar birth date were selected to measure weight and body measurement index. The results showed as follows:(1)the weight and body measurement index cumulative growth of the Shanbei White Cashmere Goats increased with ages. (2)Absolute weight gain and relative weight gain were the highest within 1 months of age, two indexes declined minimum value during 3 months of age. Then two peak of absolute weight gain appeared in 5 months of age and 8 months of age, however, relative weight gain showed stable change trend. (3)Absolute growth rate of body height of rams was the highest in 8 months of age, and absolute growth rate of body height of ewes was the highest in 9 months of age. Relative growth rate of body height of rams and ewes were the highest in 8 months of age and 9 months of age, respectively. Absolute growth rate of body length was the highest in 9 months of age, and relative growth rate of body length was the highest in 4 months of age. Absolute growth rate and relative growth rate of chest girth were the highest in 5 months of age. Absolute growth rate and relative growth rate of cannon circumference were the highest in 12 months of age. [Conclusion]In conclusion, weight gain rate of the Shanbei White Cashmere Goats was fast within 1 months of age, 4~5 months of age and 7~8 months of age. And growth speed of body measurement index was fast in 4~5 months of age and 7~9 months of age. So enough nutrition should be provided at these ages in order to meeting the nutritional needs of growth and development in Shanbei White Cashmere Goats.

  SCMC Affecting Cytoplasmic Lattices Formation and Development of Early Embryo: A Review 2017, 33 (26):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080091 Abstract + ( 721 )   A large amount of RNA and proteins exist in oocytes before fertilization and play a vital role in subsequent early embryonic development. Subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is one of the most important compounds in oocytes, and plays an essential role in oocyte maturation, gene controlling of oocyte-to-embryo transition in early embryo development and imprinted gene expression. In order to clarify the mechanisms of SCMC regulating these important functions, we mainly focused on four components of SCMC, i.e., FLOPED, MATER, TLE6 and PADI6. The research progress of these components and their functions on formation of cytoplasmic lattices (CPLs) in oocytes and the early embryo development was overviewed, which could provide a reference for the study on SCMC.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Chicken Interleukin-2 2017, 33 (26):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080101 Abstract + ( 614 )   We aimed to study the immune stimulating factor IL-2 from the perspective of molecular biology and explore its protein structure. Primer 5.0 was used to design a pair of primers according to the sequence of IL-2 in GenBank.IL-2 gene was amplified and cloned to pGM-T vector, and identified by restriction enzyme, and PCR. Then the nucleotide sequence was analyzed. Bioinformatics software was used to analyze the amino acid sequence, transmembrane domain, phosphorylation sites, and predict the secondary and tertiary structure of IL-2. The results revealed thatIL-2 gene was 430 bp and encoded 143 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that IL-2 protein contained 1 serine and 3 threonines, which might become phosphorylation sites of protein kinase. Besides, IL-2 might contain transmembrane domain within sites 5-28. The secondary and tertiary structure prediction results indicated that IL-2 was a hydrophilic protein, and dominated by α-helix, β-turn and random coil at N terminal. The study lays a foundation for the molecular research of IL-2.

  Nutritional Component Analysis of Poplar Leaves and Pine Needles of Different Growth Periods in Sandy Region in Yulin 2017, 33 (26):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100026 Abstract + ( 982 )   Culturists and farms understand few about rational utilization of poplar leaves and pine needles as feedstuff, whose utilization in feed industry is not sufficient. The authors analyzed main nutritional component of poplar leaves and pine needles in April, July, September and October (early growth stage to leaf fall period) in 2007 in sandstorm area in Yulin. The results showed that the crude fiber content increased obviously with the growth, while crude protein content decreased, and the changes in crude fat, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, organic matter, nitrogen-free extract and other compositions had no obvious regularity. In the same time, the change of crude fiber and crude protein of poplar leaves was obvious, while that of pine needles was steady. The results could provide data for the utilization of poplar leaves and pine needles as feedstuff, and references for their utilization.

  Dispersive Solid-phase Extraction-Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detecting Sulfonamides Residues in Aquatic Products 2017, 33 (26):  128-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080104 Abstract + ( 719 )   In order to more fast, easily and precisely detecting sulfonamides residues in aquatic products, dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE)-ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. Three methods of purification, including dSPE, rotary evaporation condensation and the national standard purified method, were compared in this study. Aquatic samples were detected by UPLC-MS/MS after dilution. The results showed that dSPE was more fast, accurate and simple in dealing with aquatic samples than the other two methods. The calibration curves for selected sulfonamides (concentration range of 0.5~50 μg/L) were linear with correlation coefficients more than 0.9. Detection limits of instrument and method were 0.0007~0.002 μg/L and 0.007~0.02 μg/kg respectively. And limits of quantitation ranged from 0.02 μg/kg to 0.08 μg/kg. The recovery and RSD were 67.0%~173.5% and 2%~24.5% respectively. In a word, this method is fast, simple and accurate, can be developed for detecting and analyzing sulfonamides residues, and also provides a reference for research of fast and accurately detecting sulfonamides residues.

  Puerarin Affecting Non-specific Immune Function and Hepatopancreas Structure of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 2017, 33 (26):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010078 Abstract + ( 704 )   The study aims to research the effects of adding puerarin in diets on non-specific immune function and hepatopancreas structure of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). C. idellus with body weight of (4.52±0.22) g were fed with basal diet without (control group) or with 10, 50, 250, and 1250 mg/kg puerarin extract for 28 days. The results showed that the serum AKP activity significantly increased in the group with 10 mg/kg puerarin addition compared with that in control group (P<0.05), and SOD activity significantly increased in the groups with 10 and 50 mg/kg puerarin addition (P<0.05). However, LZM activity was not affected in all the tested groups. Hepatopancreas index and structure was not significantly different between tested groups and control group. After the feeding experiment, C. idellus were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Survival rates in the test groups all increased, and the increase was significant for the group with 10 mg/kg puerarin addition (immune protective rate of 73.33%, P<0.05). The results indicate that non-specific immune function can be improved by adding 10 mg/kg puerarin in diet, which cannot lead to hepatopancreas injury.

  Adding Rutin to Feed Affecting Inflammatory Cytokines in Serum of Juvenile GIFT Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 2017, 33 (26):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090032 Abstract + ( 603 )   The purpose of this study is to find the most suitable concentration of feed addition (0, 0.1, 0.3 g/kg rutin) for juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which was assessed by contents of serum IgM, antiinflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results showed that serum IgM (except for 0.1 g/kg at 45 d), anti-inflammatory cytokine IFN- γ (except for 0.3 g/kg at 45 d) and IL- 10 (at 30 d) significantly increased in rutin addition groups for juvenile GIFT tilapia. With regard to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-8 (0.1 g/kg at 30 d and 45 d) significantly decreased in rutin addition groups for juvenile GIFT tilapia. The present study demonstrated that a certain concentration of rutin showed inflammatory response in juvenile GIFT tilapia.

  Efficiency Improvement of China’s Agricultural Subsidy System in New Urbanization Process 孙强 and 2017, 33 (26):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120110 Abstract + ( 607 )   Agricultural subsidy is a policy tool to promote the sustainable development of agriculture, which is not only influenced by the characteristics of agricultural production but the economic environment. This paper studies on the pattern of agricultural subsidies of abroad and China"s agricultural subsidy system and its implementation are analyzed, and found that the current research has focused on the subsidy system itself, but the study on macro environment affect the operation is not enough; Then the implementation of the new strategy of Urbanization Impact on agricultural subsidies are analyzed. On this basis, the target selection of China"s agricultural subsidy system is analyzed, and put forward specific ideas of subsidy policy; finally the author put forward the concrete path and the safeguard mechanism to improve the efficiency of China"s agricultural subsidies.

  Fluctuation of Grain Production in Liaoning Province Since 1978: Periodic Characteristics and Influencing Factors 2017, 33 (26):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100054 Abstract + ( 1315 )   The study characteristics and genetic analysis of the law of the fluctuation of grain production, to ensure food security, stability, food production is of great significance. Liaoning province is located in the south of northeast China, is a grain of rice, corn and other food crops, as one of the 13 major grain-producing areas in China and important commodity grain production base, over the years, for the effective protection of our country has made a significant contribution to the food security, its food production fluctuation has significant effect on China''s grain production and supply. Liaoning province grain production since the reform and opening up has experienced a tortuous process of periodic, so the fluctuations of grain production in liaoning province since the reform and opening up are studied, in-depth analysis of the law, characteristics and influence factors, can not only clarify its law of development, and to ensure economic and social development of the growing demand for food. First of all, the basic situation of food production in liaoning province from 1978 to 2014 is analyzed, through the macro data such as liaoning statistical yearbook, the total grain output in liaoning province from 1978 to 2014, the grain sowing area and unit area grain yield several indicators to analyze statistical description, and the grain yield per unit area in liaoning province and the country of comparative analysis, observe the change rule of grain production in liaoning province since the reform and opening up. Second, according to the relevant data of grain production in liaoning province from 1978 to 2014, using the method of residual analysis of the characteristics of grain production fluctuation, the results show that: (1) the higher volatility index of grain production in liaoning province in 1978-2014, volatility index between - 20.13% - 20.13%; Volatility is larger, the average volatility of 19.01%. (2) according to the fluctuation cycle theory, the 1978-2014 food production in liaoning province is divided into 11 fluctuation cycle and fluctuation cycle for an average of three years, and the fluctuation of grain production in liaoning province belongs to clear the typical fluctuation; And the empirical analysis to determine the main factors affecting grain production fluctuation, through the regression results of grain production in liaoning province from 1985 to 2014, it is concluded that grain production fluctuation is composed of inundated area of grain, find the common effect, the area sown to grain, which inundated area on the fluctuation of grain output, the most obvious and effective irrigation area, the area of machine-cultivated and last year was not significant; the influence of grain purchase prices Finally combining with the actual situation of grain production in liaoning province, and put forward: (1) completes the general land use planning, ensure the area sown to grain. (2) to strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities and water-saving agriculture, increase the ability to withstand natural disasters. (3) the optimization of fertilizer input, the output of grain quality stable food production, such as reducing food production fluctuation of targeted countermeasures.

  Relationship Between Farmers’Household Characteristics and Mainly Vacant Land in Rural Areas 2017, 33 (26):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060052 Abstract + ( 532 )   Eight villages in Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang and Western Hunan were studied by questionnaire investigation. Based on the survey data, the Logistic model was built by using farmers’ household characteristics as the main object, the main reasons for vacant farmland and residential land were analyzed, and their correlation with household characteristics were also studied. The results showed that farmers’income and agricultural land types had significant effects on vacant cultivated land (Sig .=0.034 and 0.041,P ＜0.05), the higher the farmers’income, the greater the possibility of farmland vacant area, and the more the other types of land, such as fruit, forestry, fish area and breeding, the greater the possibility of farmland vacant area. Farmers’annual income, educational level and percentage of farming members in family had significant effects on vacant residential land (Sig .=0.015, 0.036 and 0.026,P ＜0.05), the higher the level of education, the less the possibility of vacant residential land, and the more the farming members in family, the greater the possibility of vacant residential land. This study could provide references for solving the problem of rural vacant land in the process of new urbanization.