Abstract: Understanding the population dynamics and the occurrence rules of arthropod in vegetable field could provide a reasonable theoretical basis for formulating an ecological control strategy to vegetable pests, a systematic investigation of arthropod community diversity was carried out in the vegetable fields of Jianxin town, Fuzhou city. According to the systematic investigation, arthropod communities in vegetable fields consisted by 76 species in 43 families, belonging to 10 orders, 2 classes including 38 species of pests, 5 species of neutral insects and 33 species of natural enemies. The diversity index and the species evenness of arthropod in vegetable field were low, but the dominant concentration index was higher. Basing on the species dominance hierarchy method in ecology, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) was the dominant pest, Opius dimidiatus (Ashmead) was the dominant predatory natural enemy, Opius dimidiatus (Ashmead) had the biggest amount, and the proportion of Chironomus oryzae Matsumura was larger in neutral insects. A well know of the diversity and the structure of arthropod communities will play an important role in ecological control of pests in vegetable fields.