Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.27 Published:09 October 2017

  Effects of Different Water Treatments on Moisture Dynamics and Plant Height of Spring Maize 2017, 33 (27):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110054 Abstract + ( 965 )   The paper aims at the period characteristics and phase threshold of the regional drought disaster formation of spring maize. In the typical arid area wuwei，the water consumption of the same breed is studied by the comparison of the different water control treatment. The results showed that the maize water consumption intensity was small in the early stage, in the middle stage it increased gradually, and decreased in the late stage. The maximum of soil water storage capacity was reached at sowing and seedling stage, while in jointing stage the soil water storage capacity reduce significantly. The plant transpiration dominate the consumption of water in tasseling stage, when the soil water storage capacity increased with the precipitation. The soil evaporation and plant transpiration are all intensified due to the hot weather in milk ripeness stage, thus the soil water storage capacity decreased to the minimum in the whole growth period. The long drought stress made the soil extremely arid, and the upper and lower layer of soil have the similar water storage capacity per weight. The drought stress doesn’t impact the plant height as strong as it impact the water storage. The influence of drought stress to plant growth of maize was strongest in jointing stage and weakest in seedling stage, the tasseling and silking stage gets the middle.

  Effect of Slow-release Nitrogen Proportion on Maize Specific Fertilizer Under Micro Region Scale 2017, 33 (27):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120106 Abstract + ( 969 )   Micro region burying bag tests were conducted to study the effect of slow- release nitrogen proportion on nitrogen use efficiency of maize specific fertilizer and spring maize yield, as well as that on saline-alkali soil environment, aiming to find out the suitable application proportion of slow-release nitrogen in north Shanxi. The results showed that the application of slow-release nitrogen could increase dry matter accumulation of maize and promote nitrogen uptake, significantly increase the yield of maize, and decrease soil pH value. Among them, the yield of 33% slow-release nitrogen treatment increased by 48.72% compared with that of urea treatment, nitrogen uptake amount and dry matter accumulation amount increased by 40.92% and 21.60%, respectively in mature period. The nitrogen use efficiency of spring maize significantly increased with the application of slow-release nitrogen, compared with the urea treatments, the use efficiency of 33% and 50% slow-release nitrogen treatment increased by 30.90% and 15.49%, respectively. After the application of slow- release nitrogen, pH value decreased by 0.45 units at most. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, adding 33% slow-release nitrogen in maize specific fertilizer could match nitrogen release and nitrogen uptake of maize, ensure high yield and improve soil environment.

  Study and Integration of Three-space Cultivation Pattern of Maize 2017, 33 (27):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020117 Abstract + ( 862 )   To reduce lodging rate and moisture without reducing density, and increase the yield of maize, maize three-space cultivation pattern is studied. Maize three-space cultivation pattern is the integration of space in ridges, space in the top of the maize field by cutting off stalk above the corn ear and space crosswise the field perpendicular to ridge direction. The results indicated that the three- space cultivation pattern included, the number of ridges without culture: the number of ridges with culture =2:12, the number of ridges with cutting stalk: the number of ridges without cutting stalk =2:4, the length of space crosswise the field vertically was 2 m per 500 m when the length of ridges was greater than 1000 m. With the above cultivation pattern, the lodging rate of maize was reduced by 11%, grain moisture was reduced by 9%, and the yield of maize was increased by 20.32%. Maize three-space cultivation pattern could significantly reduce the lodging rate and grain moisture of maize, and increase the yield of maize. Maize three-space cultivation pattern is suitable for maize production in Heilongjiang Province.

  Effect of Two Different Magnesium Salt on Nitrogen Fixing in High-temperature Phase of Cattle Manure Composting 张发宝,李苹 and 付弘婷 2017, 33 (27):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120053 Abstract + ( 1027 )   The authors applied the constant temperature incubator to simulate the composting high temperature stage with MgSO4, KH2PO4 and magnesium slag addition. The nitrogen protect effect of each component in magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) and magnesium slag as the feasibility of nitrogen fixing agent in composting process was studied. The results showed that magnesium fixing agent addition significantly reduced the pile pH value and decreased nitrogen loss. Addition of MgSO4 and KH2PO4 at the same time could bring the best nitrogen protect effect. There was no significant difference between MgSO4 and magnesium slag addition with the same rate. Nitrogen protection efficiency was positively related with magnesium slag addition amount, the nitrogen protection efficiency of magnesium slag addition amount 2%, 4% and 8% was 6.15%, 10.13% and 19.51%, respectively. Magnesium materials addition could increase EC value and reduce the GI value. All the trials could achieve maturity, indicating that magnesium materials could be used as nitrogen fixing agent in composting and magnesium slag had application prospects because of low price.

  Nitrogen Transformation and Nitrogen Conservation in Composting: Research Progress 2017, 33 (27):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050115 Abstract + ( 1101 )   Nitrogen loss during composting not only reduces the quality of the compost, but also pollutes environment. To study nitrogen transformation and proper measures of nitrogen conservation during composting, the authors summarized ammonification, ammonia assimilation, nitrification, denitrification and struvite formation in compost. Factors such as C/N ratio, pH value, temperature and ventilation influencing nitrogen loss during composting were also analyzed. Measures like regulating C/N ratio, inoculating microbial agents, adding adsorbents and chemicals, and controlling ventilation for controlling nitrogen loss were demonstrated. In future, further studies should be carried out on the C/N ratio based on the form of carbon and nitrogen, the microbiological mechanism of nitrogen transformation and the technology for minimizing nitrogen loss that suitable for large-scale composting production.

  Plant Nutrition of Beneficial Element Titanium: Research Progress 2017, 33 (27):  33-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050030 Abstract + ( 803 )   Titanium is a beneficial element and plays an important role in the growth and development of crops. In this paper, the content, distribution and influencing factors of titanium in soil and plants, the physiological and biochemical functions of titanium and its application in agriculture were summarized. The research on the form and bioavailability of titanium in soil, transformation of titanium after application to soil, the effective form and the method for determination of titanium, plant absorption, transportation and transformation of titanium should be strengthened.

  Correlation Analysis of Carbon Source Types and Amino Acid Quantitative Traits of Pleurotus geesteranus 2017, 33 (27):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060109 Abstract + ( 560 )   [Objective] Analysised the effect of different carbon source on amino acids and various amino acid quantitative traits,in order to optimize the pleurotus ostreatus culture material to provide a scientific basis. [Method]The correlation degree of quantitative traits of amino acids and different amino acids with different kinds of carbon source by grey correlation analysis. [Result]The characters of amino acids on pleurotus ostreatus by different carbon source in the order of correlation: Brown sugar > lactose >Sugar > Soluble starch, the correlation degree of brown sugar treatment was 0.6127, the Soluble starch treatment was 0.5057;The characters of various amino acids on pleurotus ostreatus with different carbon source in the order of correlation: Brown sugar >Sugar >lactose >Soluble starch, The correlation degree of brown sugar treatment was 0.7654, Soluble starch treatment was 0.5085. [Conclusion]The bigger degree of connection is the better effect on pleurotus ostreatus amino acids, indicating the influence in the quantity and quality of amino acids on Pleurotus ostreatus by carbon source. Brown sugar was the best carbon source in the culture medium of pleurotus ostreatus.

  The Distribution, Development and Utilization of Bioactive Components Resources of Russian Melilotus officinalis 林年丰 and 2017, 33 (27):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120122 Abstract + ( 775 )   [Objective] We have focused on the detection and field development test of Melilotus officinalis bioactive ingredients since 2009 in order to find outSthe content and distribution of bioactive ingredients in Russian Melilotus officinalis. [Methods]We use Kjeldahl method and efficient gas chromatography to measure the proteinScontent, automaticSaminoSacidSanalyzer to measure theSkinds and contents of aminoSacid, Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) and molecular distillation apparatus to measure the fatty acid content, gravimetric method to measure the Saponin and alkaloid contents, high performance liquid chromatograph to measure the coumarin content, the forint reagent colorimetric method to measure the polyphenol content, anthracene copper - sulfuric acid colorimetry to measure the polysaccharide content, and aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite-sodium hydroxide colorimetric method to measure the flavone content.[Result]This paper shows the bioactive ingredients content and distribution featuresSin Melilotus officinalis’ roots, stems, leaves, seeds, and measures the total production of bioactive ingredients, i.e. 3016.3 kg/hm2. The bioactive ingredients, crude protein, amino acids and fatty acids, are 1400.6 kg/hm2, 112.2 kg/hm2, 1246.8 kg/hm2, respectively. The output of saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, coumarin are 97.0 kg/hm2, 77.9 kg/hm2, 41.7 kg/hm2, 40.1 kg/hm2,respectively. [Conclusion] After separation, extraction and purification, the aboveScomponents can be used as the natural ingredients to develop the medicine, food, chemical and other biotechnology products. This paper provides a new way for the development and utilization of natural resources of plants.

  Comparative Study on Expression of miR-1298-5p and its Potential Target Gene TGF-βR1 in Fine-wool Sheep and Cashmere Goats 2017, 33 (27):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080015 Abstract + ( 783 )   The study aimed to investigate the regulation of miR-1298-5p and its potential target gene TGF-βR1 on skin and hair follicles development at different stages in fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats for obtaining theoretical research data on miR-1298-5p and TGF-βR1 in the development of skin and hair follicles. Using skin and hair follicles tissues from cashmere goats and fine-wool sheep at different stages as materials, potential target genes of miR-1298-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Expression of miR-1298-5p and its potential target gene TGF-βR1 were determined by qRT-PCR. Expression of TGF-βR1 protein was determined by Weston blot. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 3''UTR of TGF-βR1 from fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats presented a binding site of miR-1298-5p. Relative expression of miR-1298-5p from fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats were both up regulated from anagen to catagen and down regulated from catagen to telogen, and presented difference between fine-wool sheep and cashmere goats. Relative expression of TGF-βR1 mRNA in cashmere goats was higher than that in fine-wool sheep at anagen and lower at catagen and telogen. And miR-1298-5p and TGF-βR1 showed a negative regulation trend, which implied that TGF-βR1 might be the target gene of miR-1298-5p. Relative expression of TGF-βR1 protein in cashmere goats was also higher than that in fine-wool sheep at anagen and lower at catagen and telogen, being the same as the relative expression of TGF-βR1 mRNA, which further implied that TGF-βR1 was target gene of miR-1298-5p.

  Development of TP-M13-SSR Primer for Prunus tenella Batsch. 2017, 33 (27):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080079 Abstract + ( 768 )   In this research, the TP-M13-SSR primers of Prunus tenella Batsch. were designed, and the primers with high polymorphic were screened out for further research. Two sample of leaves were selected from five populations respectively to extract the genome DNA, and the amplification production were analyzed by using the capillary electrophoresis with fluorescent-labeled primer. It was calculated that the number of different alleles(Na), the number of effective alleles(Ne), Shannon''s information index(I), Observed heterozygosity(Ho), Expected heterozygosity(He) and Fixation index(F) of 12 pairs of TP-M13-SSR Primer for Prunus tenella Batsch. ranged from 0.656-0.859, 0-0.281, 3.796-9.580, 4-8, 1.213-2.014, -0.164-1 0.605-0.843, respectively. In the above primers, all of the information data of primer PT-6 was the highest except the Fixation index(F) , and totally 12 pairs of TP-M13-SSR primers contained abundant polymorphisms were choosed These primers’ amplified fragments ranged from 100 to 300 bp, most of which were dinucleotide repeat.

  Research Progress of Bacterial β-mannanase 2017, 33 (27):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030210 Abstract + ( 830 )   Mannanase is a kind of endo-hydrolase, which can randomly hydrolyze β-1,4- glycosidic linkages. Mannanase is widely found in animals, plants and microbes. By contrast, the bacterial mannanase from microbes has a smaller molecular weight, a lower cost, shorter fermentation period, easier to extract than it from others, and also has a broader tolerance range on optimal reaction temperature and pH, which is widely used in many fields such as feed, food, oil extracting, paper-making and so on. Therefore, this paper reviews the source, characteristics, molecular biology of mannanase and its application in feed, which would offer a foundation for further exploration and utilization of bacterial mannanase.

  Chlorine Nutrition on Tobacco Plants 2017, 33 (27):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080066 Abstract + ( 587 )   This paper expounds the physiological function and the mechanism of absorption and distribution of chlorine. Recent researches on the relationship between chlorine and tobacco quality, the main factors influencing chlorine content and the genetic analysis of chlorine in tobacco were also reviewed. The distribution of chlorine content in domestic tobaccos exists imbalanced phenomenon, mainly manifested as south-low and north- high. The problem of high chlorine in the northern area, especially Huanghuai Tobacco Region remains the influence factor limiting tobacco industrial availability. This article presents that precision agriculture in the direction of the development of tobacco chlorine nutrition, and points out the research of chlorine nutrition in tobacco molecular genetic level were still few studies. Correlation analysis technology was an important means of macro and micro combination on the modern research of chlorine nutrition in tobacco. These conclusions and prospects were to provide reference for the cultivation of tobacco science and the improvement of the quality of tobacco leaf.

  Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Liriope platyphylla 2017, 33 (27):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040057 Abstract + ( 610 )   To study the tissue culture and rapid propagation technique of Liriope platyphylla, we analyzed the effects of plant growth regulator on callus induction, bud differentiation and test- tube plantlet rooting of rhizome bud and leaf. The results showed that MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L was the best medium to induce the callus of rhizome bud, and the induction rate was 100%; MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L was the ideal medium to induce the callus of leaf, and the induction rate was 52%. The induction rate and bud multiplication of rhizome bud callus were significantly higher than that of leaf callus, the highest induction rate was 100%, and the highest propagation times was 4.6. 1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L and 1/2MS+IAA 0.25 mg/L medium were suitable for test-tube plantlet rooting, the rooting rate was 100% and the average rooting number was above 5. The survival rate of test-tube plantlet was more than 90% after transplanting.

  Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Yield, Quality and Taste of Eleocharis dulcis 2017, 33 (27):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040021 Abstract + ( 768 )   In order to learn the effect of farmyard manure on Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis), we assessed the yield, quality and taste of the elite cultivar“Taiqi 1”on different sources of farmyard manure and the chemical fertilizer. Sources of farmyard manure included rapeseed meal, quail dung compost, sheep dung compost,cow dung compost and swine dung compost. The chemical fertilizer was used as control. Results showed that all the farmyard manures significantly improved yield of water chestnut. However, the effects of different farmyard manure were significantly different on the quality and tastes of water chestnut. Rapeseed meal, quail dung compost and sheep dung compost were effective to improve the quality of water chestnut but cow dung compost were not effective. Negative effects on quality of water chestnut were from swine dung compost, which bring water chestnut light salty taste. Moreover, water chestnuts from the swine dung compost tasted hard and waterless. Terminal buds were longer as well. Seed coat was darker. These negative effects caused bad quality of water chestnut and resulted in 33% of price decrease in market. Farmers should avoid swine dung compost in water chestnut growing.

  Effects of Drought and Salt Stress on Seed Germination of Two Kinds of Aquilegia viridiflora 2017, 33 (27):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070020 Abstract + ( 932 )   With two species Aquilegia viridiflora Pall. as the experimental material,study the effects of different temperature,drough and salt stress on Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) and Aquilegia(Dwarf),analysis the germination rate,leaf area,embryo and radicle length and other indicators of them,then explore the effects of temperature,PEG treatment and salt stress on the seed germination and seedling growth of Aquilegia. The results show that:(1)At the room temperature and drought treatment of 5% PEG-6000 the highest germination rate was 92% of the Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) seeds，but under the same conditions the Aquilegia（Dwarf）germination rate was only 40%.(2)The drought resistance of Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) was stronger than that of Aquilegia(Dwarf).When the PEG-6000 concentration reached 20%,the Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) can still germinate,but the Aquilegia(Dwarf）can not.(3)0.3% concentration of Na2SO4 could promote the seed germination, compared with CK group the germination rate was increased by 14% ,but other concentration salt solutions were inhibited, and the inhibition increased with the increase of concentration.

  The Appropriate Collection Period of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Yunnan 2017, 33 (27):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060006 Abstract + ( 792 )   To determine the optimum harvest time of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Yunnan, the polysaccharide content, fresh and dry weight of P. cyrtonema were determined in different growing years and different harvest months in Jinping County, Yunnan Province. The results showed that the polysaccharides content of each section of five years old P. cyrtonema decreased with the increase of the growing year, and the content of polysaccharides in 1-3 years’section was relatively high, which was 128, 121, 97 mg/g, that in 4-5 years’ section reduced to 67 mg/g and 58 mg/g; in different harvest months, the content of polysaccharides was higher in December (131.11 mg/g) and next January (133.85 mg/g), respectively, and the fresh weight of rhizome was the highest in December, reaching 821.41 g, and the drying rate was 26.51%. The most suitable harvesting period of P. cyrtonema in Yunnan Province should be at the end of December and the beginning of next January, and the best harvest time of P. cyrtonema with rhizome propagation is 3 years.

  Fruit Characters and Their Correlations of Ziziphus jujuba‘Lingwu Changzao’ 2017, 33 (27):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080069 Abstract + ( 592 )   [Objective]To offer a reference in Cultivation and breeding of jujuba fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.cv.Lingwu Changzao),the difference and relationship of?fruit?characters were analyzed.[Method]In??mature?period , jujuba fruitts were picked and collected randomly from five planting bases respectively. Then, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and single fruit weight were measured to analyze fruit?characters.?[Result]Results show that jujuba fruitts mature fruit mean single fruit weigh 13.67 g and its amplitude varied between 7.65 g and 24.83 g;the average longitudinal diameter was 43.54 cm and its amplitude varied between 34.12cm and 56.42 cm;the average diameter was 26.76 cm and its amplitude varied between 21.89 cm and 33.03 cm.[Conclusion]Single fruit weight variation was maximum and fruit horizontal diameter variation was minimum. single fruit weight and vertical diameter, transverse diameter Showed a linear positive correlation. Besides, jujuba fruitts shape showed a typical long elliptic and its fruit size varied in a wide range.

  Variations of Quality Ingredients and Primary Enzymes Activities of Mengding Yellow Tea During the Piling Process 2017, 33 (27):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080075 Abstract + ( 784 )   To study the quality formation mechanism of yellow tea, the main quality ingredients, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase and cellulose activities during the piling process were studied.[Method] The main national seed mingshan baihao was selected as the test object, by fresh leaves→fixing (pot temperature 230 ℃, cast leaves speed 4min)→ piling 1 h →piling 2 h→piling 4 h→piling 6 h→spreading→drying. Then sampled in order to measure the main quality ingredients,polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase and cellulose activities.S[Result]During the piling process, the contents of tea polyphel and catechin was decreased. TheScontents of flavonoids and theabrownins was increased, while the theaflavins was decreased after increasing trend. The contents of amino acid and protein was increased. The content of soluble sugar was decreased after increasing trend. The activity of Polyphenol oxidase, catalase and cellulase was increased, the difference was significant. The peroxidase activity was decreased after increasing trend, the activity was the highest while piling 2 h, the difference was significant. [Conclusion] During the piling process, the quality ingredients are significantly changed. The contents of tea polyphel and catechin was decreased, which provides an important material foundation for the unique quality formation of yellow tea: mellow taste. Polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, catalase and cellulose activities are close to zero after fixing, then has a certain degree of ‘Resurrection’ during the piling process, which acts together with heat involved in the formation of yellow tea quality.

  Heat Resources Change in Qinghai Yellow River Valley 2017, 33 (27):  102-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120012 Abstract + ( 752 )   For reasonable development and utilization of heat resources in Yellow River Valley in eastern Qinghai, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the first day, the last day, duration days and accumulated temperature with ≥10℃ in Yellow River Valley by using climate tendency rate, moving average method and cumulative anomaly method and so on, based on daily average temperature data in 4 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2015. The results showed that: (1) the eginning date, the ending date, the accumulated temperature and the duration days with ≥10℃ accumulated temperature presented an obviously regional difference in the Yellow River Valley; (2) in recent 55 years, the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature had an increasing trend generally and regional variation was inconsistent in Yellow River Valley; (3) the beginning date with ≥10℃ accumulated temperature advanced while the ending date delayed, and the delaying trend of the ending date was more obvious than the advancing trend of the beginning date; the duration days with ≥10℃ showed an increasing trend; (4) the correlation coefficients between the annual mean surface air temperature and the accumulated temperature with ≥10℃, the duration days and the ending date were significant (P＜ 0.01), but the correlation degrees were different.

  Empirical Analysis of Farmland Change in Farming-pastoral Interlaced Region 2017, 33 (27):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080073 Abstract + ( 609 )   Farmland change is essential to the agricultural modernization and national food security and has aroused a wide concern. This paper, based on spot check data of 404 farmers in Yanchi and Tongxing county where located in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, analyzes features of farmland use change in farming-pastoral interlaced region, applies logistic model to analysis the influencing factors of cultivated land use change. The results showed that the farmland area were much difference in peasant family. In recent 30 years, the farmland areas per person has decreased by 0.23 hm2 in study area. Meanwhile, crop planting structure has changed which caused by farmland water conservancy works and government policies. Households with the rate of farm labors was family populations, policy factors and the income of non-agriculture, were more likely to farmland area change, its the main factors for peasant family"s farmland area change.

  Improvement Effects of Different Soil Conditioners on Acidity of Greenhouse Vegetable 2017, 33 (27):  112-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080008 Abstract + ( 744 )   Aimed at the problem of soil acidification in greenhouse vegetable soil in Jiande, the authors studied the effect of lime nitrogen, lime, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, Tianshifu and Suanyike on the characteristics of vegetable growth and soil physicochemical properties by field experiments. The results showed that all soil conditioner could increase soil pH value and reduce the amount of soil exchangeable acidity, and alleviated the Al3+ toxicity to pepper and improve the quality and yield of pepper; Tianshifu could significantly improve soil acidification, but it did not last for a long time; the combined application of lime and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer could effectively improve soil acidification for a long time. Among all of the treatments, T4 (lime 900 kg/hm2 + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 37.5kg/hm2) had the most prominent effect, compared with CK, soil pH value increased by 1.70 units, soil exchangeable acidity and soil exchangeable Al3+ decreased by 90.25% and 93.59% after two seasons’application. Moreover, the treatment of T4 could significantly lower the risk of Al stress. Therefore, the yield, fruit weight, plant height and root diameter of pepper increased by 32.36%, 13.04%, 15.99% and 29.73%, respectively.

  Change of Runoff Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content: Mountain Orchard of Guanxi Pomelo in Pinghe 2017, 33 (27):  117-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080084 Abstract + ( 1134 )   To solve the environmental problems caused by excessive cultivation, application of fertilizer and pesticide in Guanxi pomelo orchard of Pinghe, we investigated the runoff N and P content under different fertilizations by field investigation and indoor analysis in mountain orchards of Pinghe. The results showed that: the content of runoff N (total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen) and P (total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus) decreased, and was greater than the catchment content of different experimental zones respectively (hilly pond, ditch, stream and Jiulong river); (2) garden runoff N/P was greater than 6.5, phosphorus content was the limiting factor of eutrophication; nitrate content in orchard runoff was lower than the content restriction for drinking water (10 mg/L); (3) the yearly total phosphorus content of experimental zone catchment was 0.403, 0.280, 0.503, 0.417 mg/L, respectively, basically higher than Ⅲ class water quality requirements (0.3 mg/L); the annual ammonia nitrogen content was 0.14, 0.20, 0.44, 0.10 mg/L, respectively, which achieved Ⅱ class water quality requirements; the total nitrogen content was 3.77, 3.49, 3.89, 3.38 mg/L, respectively, all higher than Ⅴ class water quality requirements of 2.0 mg/L. In general, orchard runoff can not meet the surface water environmental quality standards, and direct discharge will produce water eutrophication.

  Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Fog and Wind in Dongting Lake 2017, 33 (27):  124-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070016 Abstract + ( 750 )   To prevent and reduce a variety of shipping traffic accidents caused by meteorological disasters, it analyzes and explores theirs’ spatio-temporal change and driving factors by using the materials of fog and wind from 18 meteorological stations in the Dongting lake area during 1960-2014. The results show that nearly 55 years thick fog days were significantly reduced, mist days were significantly increased, gale days and the average wind speed were both significantly reduced. Thick fog days increased from north to south and decreased from the surrounding of horseshoe-shaped mountains to the middle of lakeside. Two high-value centers of mist days appeared in the northwest and the south, and the tongue-shaped distribution of low-value zone was from the east to the southwest. Gale days and the average wind speed were opposite basically to the distribution of fog. Thick days in northwest-center-southeast had the change trend with “reduce-increase-reduce”. Mist days in most stations were significantly increased, but the increase range of region was not obvious. Gale days in all stations were significantly reduced, the decrease range of high-value zone was located around the water body of Dongting Lake and low-value zone was located in the south. The average wind speed of most stations was significantly decreased, and the decrease range of high-value zone was located basically around the water body of Dongting Lake. The heating effect of the water body, climate warming and drying and human activities are important driving factors which influence spatio-temporal characteristics and change of fog and wind.

  Variation Characteristics of Acid Rain: Recent 10 Years in Fuling of Chongqing 2017, 33 (27):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080037 Abstract + ( 655 )   In order to know the variation characteristics of acid rain and the effect of precipitation on pH value of acid rain in Fuling of Chongqing, based on the data of acid rain and precipitation in Fuling from 2005 to 2014, this paper used statistical method to analyze the monthly, seasonal and annual correlation between precipitation and pH value of acid rain. The results indicated that: the frequency of acid rain was 42.13% in Fuling, and dominated by weakly acidic precipitation; there was little strong acid rain since 2011; the lowest pH value in fall and the highest pH value in winter were observed, we also found the smallest pH value in June and the largest pH value in July; furthermore, the total precipitation, effective precipitation day, and heavy precipitation ratio influenced the monthly, seasonal and annual change of acid rain, which meant the variation characteristics of acid rain could not be illustrated by a single index; among the influencing factors, the heavy precipitation ratio had the most influence on pH value of acid rain. The above results show that understanding the variation characteristics of acid rain can provide a basis for preventing and mitigating its harm.

  Primary Study on Ecological Habits of Four Species of Owls in Shanxi Province 王俊田 and 2017, 33 (27):  139-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020075 Abstract + ( 1105 )   This study focuses on the ecological habits of four species of owls in Wucheng of Shanxi in order to accumulate the ecological base material of owls in this area. The study used the line transect method to record the migration time, collect data about the characteristics of habitat, nests and eggs. The study also analyzed the diets with food content analysis method. The results showed that the migration characteristics among Otusscops, Asio otus and Asio flammeus were similar in different years, the duration of northward migration was short but the interval was long and the duration of southward migration was long but the interval was short. There were differences between Otus scops and Athene noctua in the nest-site selection and breeding behavior. The propagating success rate of Athene noctua, whose nest-site was near the residential area, was higher. The main diets of four species of owls were small mammals and birds; meanwhile, they also fed on a few insects, some livestock and fowls. The overlap of needs between different species may increase the competition. Owls are worth the attention and need to be protected because of their important role in the ecosystem and their low population quantity.

  Nutritional Value and Comprehensive Utilization of Grape Pomace 2017, 33 (27):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080042 Abstract + ( 1439 )   The paper aims to understand the recycling use of grape pomaceby analyzing the research status of its nutritional value and summarizing research progresses at home and abroad. The study will benefit the indepth and extensive use of grape pomace. Grape pomace includes skin, seed and stem, which contains rich protein, vitamins, polyphenols, tartaric acid, dietary fiber, grape seed oil and so on. The utilization degree of grape pomace in domestic is still not high and mainly focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds especially the polyphenols have obvious antioxidant activity, which are now widely used in medical care, food, cosmetic and chemical industry. The accumulation of grape pomace in brewing season is the problem that needs to be solved urgently. The promotion of comprehensive utilization could not only protect environment but also create huge economic benefits.

  Bibliometrics Analysis of Research Status of Megalobrama amblycephala 2017, 33 (27):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080057 Abstract + ( 630 )   To quantitatively and qualitatively reveal the research progress of Megalobrama amblycephala, taking the published literatures in SCIE and CSCD as data sources, the author compared the published years, main research countries or regions, research institutions, the prolific authors, highly cited literature and journal distribution. The results showed that the research of Megalobrama amblycephala and the scholars were mainly in China. With the deepening of the research in recent years, number of related literatures in SCIE increased rapidly and even beyond that in CSCD, indicating that the research was changing from China to international. The published years of highly cited literatures were from 1992 to 2008 in CSCD, while were from 2008 to 2012 in SCIE. Currently, the genetic improvement of Megalobrama amblycephala becomes a hotspot. There are several formed academic research teams focusing on the research of Megalobrama amblycephala in China, such as teams in Huazhong Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, and Shanghai Ocean University.

  Construction of Index System Evaluating Agricultural Sustainable Development in China 2017, 33 (27):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070128 Abstract + ( 545 )   To accurately understand the agricultural sustainable development on national and regional scales in China and identify the obstacle factors affecting the sustainable development in different regions, we established an index system of agricultural sustainable development, and evaluated the level of sustainable development of agriculture in China by the multi-index comprehensive evaluation method. Then we anylazed the temporal and spatial variation of the sustainable development level, and put forward some measures so as to provide a reference for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. The results are as follows: (1) the sustainable development level of agriculture was gradually improved in China from 2000 to 2013; (2) in four dimensions of agricultural sustainable development, the economic sustainability held the fastest and greatest growth, the social sustainability presented a continuous improvement, the ecological sustainability rose steadily while the environmental sustainability decreased stablely; (3) the level of sustainable development of agriculture can be divided into three types, namely the low-level, the middle-level and the high-level, and showed a striking difference across different regions; (4) the sustainable development of agriculture is a systematic project. Therefore, a comprehensive application of engineering, technology, welldesigned management and legal measures is essential for promoting agricultural sustainable development across China.