Abstract: With two species Aquilegia viridiflora Pall. as the experimental material,study the effects of different temperature,drough and salt stress on Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) and Aquilegia(Dwarf),analysis the germination rate,leaf area,embryo and radicle length and other indicators of them,then explore the effects of temperature,PEG treatment and salt stress on the seed germination and seedling growth of Aquilegia. The results show that:(1)At the room temperature and drought treatment of 5% PEG-6000 the highest germination rate was 92% of the Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) seeds，but under the same conditions the Aquilegia（Dwarf）germination rate was only 40%.(2)The drought resistance of Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) was stronger than that of Aquilegia(Dwarf).When the PEG-6000 concentration reached 20%,the Aquilegia(Dwarf and polyphyll) can still germinate,but the Aquilegia(Dwarf）can not.(3)0.3% concentration of Na2SO4 could promote the seed germination, compared with CK group the germination rate was increased by 14% ,but other concentration salt solutions were inhibited, and the inhibition increased with the increase of concentration.