Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.28 Published:24 October 2017

  Effects of Growing-microbial Agents on Yield, Soil Nutrients and Heavy Metal Cd of Double Cropping Rice 寇长林,张香凝,李太魁,杨占平 and 沈阿林 2017, 33 (28):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080062 Abstract + ( 872 )   To clarify the effect of growing-microbial agents on paddy bioremediation and fertilization, this study set growing- microbial agent “chenaorunze” as representative material, five treatments including 0 kg/hm2 (CK), 30 kg/hm2, 60 kg/hm2, 90 kg/hm2, 120 kg/hm2 were set to research the effects of growingmicrobial agents on topsoil nutrients, heavy metal Cd and yield of double cropping rice. The results showed that: rice yield showed an increasing trend with increasing dosage of“chenaorunze”, the effective panicle and grains per spike were the major factors of high- yield;“chenaorunze” improved soil available nutrient effectively, increased soil supplying nutrient capability; heightened the nitrogen and potassium content of root, promoted nitrogen and potassium in stem transferring to grain, and the capacity of lodging- resistant was strengthened as the addition of potassium content in stem;“chenaorunze”could reduce rice Cd accumulation mainly by the way of decreasing soil effective cadmium, and Cd accumulation showed a decreasing trend with increasing dosage of“chenaorunze”, thus, it was beneficial to guarantee the safe production of double cropping rice. The optimum dosage of“chenaorunze”was about 90 kg/hm2 with a better bioremediation and fertilization effect from the perspective of decreasing cost and increasing efficiency, the yield of early and late rice increased by 12.9% and 12.6% compared with control respectively.

  Drought Resistance Identification in Brassica napus 赵　磊 and 王东国 2017, 33 (28):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090004 Abstract + ( 817 )   The goal of drought-resistant breeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is to cultivate water-saving and high-yield new varieties under drought conditions. In this research, drought-resistance identification of rapeseed was studied through morphological and growth indicators, physiological and biochemical indexes (including photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme activity, endogenous hormones, water use efficiency, etc.), yield and quality indexes, and comprehensive evaluation indexes, etc. It was found that water stress had an important influence on the morphology and growth of rapeseed at different stages. The existing problems in drought resistance identification of rapeseed were analyzed by retrospective study, while the relevant indexes and techniques were discussed to provide references for research and production of rapeseed drought resistance. It is concluded that the molecular mechanism of rapeseed drought resistance would bring drought resistance breeding to a new stage.

  Effects of Different Planting Densities on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum in Bozhou 2017, 33 (28):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070052 Abstract + ( 1126 )   To understand the effect of density on growth physiological characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum , 5 density cultivation experiments were set, the shoot height, root length, root diameter, photosynthetic pigments contents, photosynthetic characteristics, absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, contents of total effective components of different density treatments were investigated. The results showed that the density treatment had a significant effect on stem height, root length, root diameter, plant dry weight, contents of photosynthetic pigment, net photosynthetic rate, water transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and the total saponin content. Under high density, plant growth was relatively poor, the growth and physiological indexes decreased significantly, under low density, plant growth and development well, the growth and physiological index and the total saponin content was relatively high, but the biomass per unit area was low. The absorption trends of nitrogen and phosphorus inP. grandiflorum were same, the absorption increased gradually in early and middle development stage, and reached absorption peak at middle stage, later gradually reduced, mainly distributed in leaves and stems at early stage, had large proportion in fruit and flower at middle stage, later transferred to root, the density was To understand the effect of density on growth physiological characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum , 5 density cultivation experiments were set, the shoot height, root length, root diameter, photosynthetic pigments contents, photosynthetic characteristics, absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, contents of total effective components of different density treatments were investigated. The results showed that the density treatment had a significant effect on stem height, root length, root diameter, plant dry weight, contents of photosynthetic pigment, net photosynthetic rate, water transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and the total saponin content. Under high density, plant growth was relatively poor, the growth and physiological indexes decreased significantly, under low density, plant growth and development well, the growth and physiological index and the total saponin content was relatively high, but the biomass per unit area was low. The absorption trends of nitrogen and phosphorus in P. grandiflorum were same, the absorption increased gradually in early and middle development stage, and reached absorption peak at middle stage, later gradually reduced, mainly distributed in leaves and stems at early stage, had large proportion in fruit and flower at middle stage, later transferred to root, the density was inversely proportional to the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption per plant. Compared with the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, the uptake of potassium by P. grandiflorum was less, and the distribution tendency of the three elements at early and late stage was similar, the distribution in every organ was balanced at middle stage, and the density had no significant influence on the absorption and distribution of potassium. Considering the biomass, the yield of medical part and the contents of effective components, in the north and central regions of Fujian, planting density ofP. grandiflorum should be about M3 (about 495 - 450 thousand plants/hm2).

  Effects of Quicklime Application on Soil pH and the Cadmium Content in Tobacco Under Cadmium Stress 齐绍武.,, and 2017, 33 (28):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060036 Abstract + ( 854 )   The pot experiment was designed to explore the effects on soil pH and the cadmium contents in tobacco when different levels of quicklime fertilizer was added at different tobacco growing stage under Cd stress. The different levels of quicklime including CK、T1、T2、T3(0kg/ha、1125kg/ha、2250kg/ha、3375kg/ha),the four levels of quicklime were added into soil at resettling, fast growing and maturing stages. After the harvest, the plant samples were gathered to analyze related indexes. The results showed that soil pH was significantly improved after quicklime was added into soil , and the order of soil pH was T3>T2>T1>CK. Meanwhile, the total Cd contents in different tobacco organs was significantly decreased when the T2 treatment was applied at resettling stage; after the quicklime was applied at fast growing stage, the total Cd content in different tobacco organs was declined in different degrees , the total Cd contents in tobacco leaves was decreased with a maximum reduction that was 60.2%below the control, which was significantly lower than other treatments; the total Cd contents was decreased in tobacco root, stem and leaves after the quicklime was applied, but it hasn’t significantly affection in tobacco seed. Besides, the correlation analysis showed that soil pH and the total Cd contents in tobacco root were significantly negatively correlated with the total Cd in tobacco seed. Thus it can be seen T2 treatment with 2250kg quicklime per hectare can significantly improve the soil pH ,decrease Cd absorption in root and efficiently reduce Cd content in tobacco leaves in the whole growth stage. So the application of T2 treatment was suitable for the Cd polluted soil.

  Effects of Spraying Linoleic Acid on Stress Resistance of Tobacco 2017, 33 (28):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060053 Abstract + ( 812 )   To investigate whether linoleic acid could enhance the stress resistance of tobacco, different concentrations of linoleic acid were sprayed to tobacco. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of proline, soluble sugar, H2O2 and MDA were detected. The expression levels of genes related to stress resistance were also detected by qPCR. Results showed that linoleic acid reduced the contents of MDA in tobacco leaves, but increased the content of proline, soluble sugar, H2O2 and POD activity. The expression levels of rbohD, rbohF, WRKY57, PR-1a, JAZ1 and APX were also increased, especially at 10 mM concentration. Suggesting that linoleic acid enhanced stress tolerance of tobacco. Moreover, the best effects were got at 10 mM linoleic acid treatment.

  Effect of Topdressing Amount and Time on Quality and Economic Benefits of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves 2017, 33 (28):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010109 Abstract + ( 660 )   To seek the best proportion of basal and topdressing fertilizers and time of topdressing, increase the fertilizer utilization efficiency and improve quality of flue- cured tobacco, a field experiment (including 6 treatments and 1 contrast) was conducted in Xuanwei, Yunnan Province, to investigate the effect of different topdressing amounts and time on the quality and economic benefits of‘Yunyan 105’. The results showed that, compared with control, the treatment with 97.5 kg pure nitrogen per hectare, basal and topdressing fertilizer proportion as 70% :30% , and the topdressing of potassium nitrate 25 days after flue- cured tobacco transplanting could promote the regular growth, improve the agronomic characters, coordinate the chemical compositions of tobacco leaves and enhance the smoking quality. Among them, the composite index of chemical compositions was improved by 14.03%, the composite index of smoking quality was improved by 2.93%. In addition, the ratio of mid-high grade leaves, the per hectare yield, the output value and the average price of tobacco leaves increased by 5.05%, 4.79%, 9.98% and 5.45%, respectively, compared with those of control, and the economic benefits were obvious.

  Effects of Different Humic Acid Contents in Substrate on Tobacco Seedling Quality 侯翔文 2017, 33 (28):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030070 Abstract + ( 626 )   To explore the prospect of the application of humic acid in floating system for flue-cured tobacco seedling, and to improve the substrate for enhance the tobacco seedling quality, the effects of different amounts of humic acids on the growth and physiological properties of tobacco seedling were studied by the using of ‘K326’as the material. The results showed that: (1) the application of humic acid in substrate could affect the growth and development of tobacco seedling, which including the stem height, biomass and root shoot ratio of tobacco seedling, and the effect of on the growth of tobacco seedling was increased in the first and the inhibition with the rise of humic acid amount. (2) There was a little affect of application of humic acid on the green stage, but application of humic acid could significantly influence the survival rate of transplanting seedling, and the green stage was the shortest time and the highest survival rate of transplanting seedling when application 30% of humic acid. (3) The application of humic acid in the substrate could affect the value of seedling chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, invertase activity and root activity of the tobacco seedling, and the physiological properties of tobacco seedling were more suitable when the content of humic acid at 30% level. In summary, tobacco seedling quality could be affected by application of humic acid, and the suitable humic acid content could significantly improve the seedling, 30% of humic acid content was the most suitable amount.

  Changing Rule of MDA Content in Main Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties at Mature Stage in Nanxiong 张德龙,,,,, and 2017, 33 (28):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120109 Abstract + ( 677 )   According to the analysis of the content of MDA and its variation in the leaves of the different flue-cured tobacco species in Nanxiong tobacco growing areas, the correlation difference between the maturity of tobacco leaves and the content of MDA revealed. The results showed that : 1) in vivo, the MDA content in upper leaves of ''K326'' showed "S" type change with time variation, and that of "Yueyan97" and "Yueyan98" showed exponential change with time variation, the content of MDA in the three species was 21.35, 18.75 and 20.59μmol/g at harvest time, respectively; The MDA content of the middle leaves in three flue-cured tobacco species all showed the same exponential change, and the MDA content was 19.74, 12.55, 12.98μmol/g at harvest time, respectively; 2) in vitro,the MDA content in upper leaves of "K326" showed exponential change with time variation, and ''Yueyan97'' and ''Yueyan98'' showed "S" type change; The MDA content in middle leaf in the three Flue-cured Tobacco species showed "S" type change; the vitro MDA content was reached to the level of harvest in a short period of time, and the content of MDA in the upper and middle leaves all showed "S" type change, when the harvest value was reached, it was just the turning point of the "S" type, which meant the change of vitro MDA content in tobacco leaves was consistent with the change of MDA content in vivo before the inflection point. The results showed that the content of MDA and the change rule of could be used to indicate the maturity (ripe, mature and over matured) of different Flue-cured tobacco.

  Evaluation of Soil Improvement Effect in Different Saline Plantations Based on Factor Analysis: A Case Study of the Yellow River Delta 2017, 33 (28):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040101 Abstract + ( 597 )   Afforestation is an important way to improve soil condition in coastal saline land.?In order to study the soil improvement effects of different plantations in coastal saline land of the Yellow River delta, we analyzed the soil physiochemical properties and their correlation of four different plantations and the control of the unplanted land. Also, the factor analysis was used to evaluate the soil improvement effects of four different plantations. The results showed that：1) The four different plantations could improve the soil physiochemical properties in coastal saline land of the Yellow River delta, reduce the soil bulk density and salinity, and increase the contents of organic matter and available nutrients. Moreover, there was a certain correlation between the physiochemical indicators.2) The result of factor analysis showed that soil improvement effects of different plantations was obtained in the following order: Fraxinuschinensis (1.223) > Pyrus betulifolia (0.686) > Tamarix chinensis (0.307) > Salix psammophila ‘YanliuYihao’ (-0.107) > CK (-2.108).

  Water Physiological Characteristics of Two Picea Species Under Water Stress 2017, 33 (28):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080138 Abstract + ( 624 )   This study aims to research the adaptation characteristics of Picea crassifolia and Picea mongolica in arid desert region, and choose proper forest plants for the arid desert region. The authors took twoPicea species as the materials, measured their water physiological characteristic under normal soil water condition, moderate soil water stress, and severe soil water stress. The results showed that under different water stresses, the free water content, leaf water potential, tissue water content, relative water content of the two species decreased, water saturation deficit, ratio of bound water content to free water content and bound water content increased, and leaf water-holding ability reduced. With the change of season, water parameters of the two species changed regularly affected by the external environment. The variation of the tissue water content was not significant from July to September, the bound water content, ratio of bound water content to free water content showed an increasing and then decreasing trend from July to September; the relative water content showed an increasing trend; the free water content decreased and then showed an increasing trend. In the early days of water stress, the difference of water water-holding ability of the two species was not significant. With the prolonging of water stress time, the difference of water-holding ability increased and the water-holding ability of Picea crassifolia was less than that of Picea mongolica. Picea mongolica had stronger water physiological characteristics by analyzing the water parameters.

  Viability and Germination Characteristics of Cornus spp. Pollen Grain 2017, 33 (28):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090024 Abstract + ( 666 )   In order to breed high-yield species,pollen grains of 13 Cornus spp. Wanyer clones were observed using scanning electron microscope and analyzed using analysis of variance. Pollen germination and pollen viability of clone 2 were viewed using fluorescence microscope and TTC staining method. The results showed that: (1)The size of pollen grains among different clones were similar,but the exine sculpture were variable. The variation coefficient of the furrow spacing in polar view was high and the inheritance was the most stable. (2)The pollen viability was highest when 75% of the inflorescence flowered. Whole flowers stored at 4°C for one month had higher pollen viability. (3)Most of the pollen grains could germinate on stigma,and their pollen tubes could enter the ovary in 72 h after pollination. In conclusion,exine sculpture and the furrow spacing could be used as morphological indexes to identify different clones. Pollen germination and pollen viability were important to breeding program.

  Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Capsella bursa-pastoris 2017, 33 (28):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100091 Abstract + ( 562 )   Laboratory seed germination experiments were conducted to determine the influence of various environmental factors, including temperature, light, pH value, salt stress, osmotic stress, and depth of sowing, on seed germination and seedling emergence ofCapsella bursa-pastoris . The optimum germination occurred at constant temperature 20℃ and fluctuating temperature 20℃/15℃, and the onset of germination was shortened as temperature increased. Alternate light and dark did not have any effect on the germination of Capsella bursa-pastoris seeds. The highest germination inCapsella bursa-pastoris was found under neutral conditions (pH 7) with different pH value treatments; germination decreased sharply under increasing acidity and alkalinity. Seed germination was tolerant to salinity: germination still occurred at 120 mmol/L NaCl (21%), but it was sensitive to osmotic potential and totally inhibited at osmotic potential > -0.9 MPa. Seedling emergence was the highest when seeds were placed on the soil surface but declined with burial depth increasing, and no more emergence was observed with burial depth more than 1.2 cm.

  Effects of Different Soil Types on Root and Fruit Microstructure of Pepper 2017, 33 (28):  73-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070071 Abstract + ( 683 )   To know the effect of soil type on pepper growth and fruit quality formation, the pepper inbred lines ‘SJ11-3’,‘camphor tree’and‘06g19-1-1-1’were selected to study the effects of four different types of soil, moisture soil, yellow brown soil, paddy soil and pastoral soil, on the root and fruit microstructure of pepper. The study found that the pepper planted in moisture soil had the smallest proportion of xylem, and the cortical cells were the thickest. The pepper planted in pastoral soil had the most suitable proportion of xylem, and the cortical cells were the thinnest，the separation degree between the cambial cell and xylem were the lowest. The cambial cell and xylem of pepper planted in yellow brown soil separated obviously. The fruit parenchyma of pepper planted in pastoral soil increased significantly, followed by that planted in paddy soil. The fruit of pepper planted in yellow brown soil had the highest degree of fusion of the inner skin parenchyma cells. And the fruit of pepper planted in paddy soil had the most vascular bundles, followed by that planted in yellow brown soil, and that planted in moisture soil had the least. The results showed that the difference of soil type had an important effect on the microstructure of pepper roots and fruits. The pepper planted in pastoral soil had the best growth, the parenchyma parenchyma cells were thicker and the parenchyma thickening was more obvious. Therefore, the pastoral soil is more suitable for the growth of pepper and the formation of fruit taste quality.

  Bagging Affecting Apple Fruit Quality in Lhasa, Tibet 2017, 33 (28):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070011 Abstract + ( 601 )   Five different varieties apples selected from Lhasa, Tibet Province (‘Gala’, ‘Italian Early’, ‘Hanfu’, ‘Starkrimon’and ‘Danxia’) were taken as the test materials to study the effects of bagging on Lhasa apple fruit appearance and internal quality. The results showed that compared with no bagging treatment, bagging treatment increased the apple fruit weight and fruit color index (L*, a*, b* values), but decreased the apple fruit titratable acid (except ‘Gala’), fruit firmness (except ‘Gala’) and soluble solids content significantly (P<0.05), and had no significantly effect on the fruit shape index. In general, bagging improved the appearance quality of ‘Gala’ and ‘Starkrimon’. As a whole, bagging treatment can improve appearance quality of Lhasa apple (main cultivated varieties), but its negative effects on interior quality of Lhasa apple is not to be neglected.

  Dwarfing Mechanism of Apple Dwarf Rootstock: Research Progress 2017, 33 (28):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070021 Abstract + ( 1107 )   For apple, cultivation under dwarf and closing planting is the development trend of modern production, but the dwarfing mechanism of rootstock which is the main way to realize it has not been revealed, revealing the mechanism is very significant for improving dwarf breeding and cultivation techniques. Dwarfing mechanism of apple rootstock were summarized in dwarf gene, anatomy structure, moisture content, substances transportation, photosynthetic characteristics, enzymes and phenolic, hormones, the dwarfing place and mechanism were discussed. It was summarized and pointed out that apple rootstock dwarfing was the comprehensive effect of graft cut, rootstock xylem and phloem, that grafted shoot as dwarf rootstock was the main dwarfing place, that apple dwarf rootstock might be play the role by affecting root growth. In the future, we should more precisely and more microscopically compare the difference between shoot anatomy of high rootstock and dwarf rootstock by advanced micro-instruments and measuring software, analyze the physiological and biochemical changes of different dwarf rootstock during metabolism of water, mineral nutrition, assimilate in condition of as much consistent environment and material as possible, study further systematically the role played by material synthesis, signal transduction, degradation and interaction of plant hormones in dwarfing, then study and verify the raised problem by research from many aspects, for explaining the dwarfing mechanism of rootstock more clearly. Key words: apple; dwarf stock; dwarfing mechanism

  Carbohydrate Changes of‘Kyoho’Grape During Dormancy and Dormancy-release 2017, 33 (28):  94-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070088 Abstract + ( 680 )   To understand the carbohydrate changes of‘Kyoho’grape during dormancy and dormancy-release, in vitro 1 year giant peak grape branches were taken as the material in hydroponic monitoring of the carbohydrate changes during grape dormancy. With liquid chromatography methods, the content of sucrose, glucose and fructose, soluble sugar and starch, and cellulose were tested. The results showed that the deep dormancy of grape was on January 6th, and the dormancy was released on February 5th. The content of glucose, fructose, soluble sugar and starch increased with dormancy deepening, and the content of glucose, fructose, sucrose and soluble sugar decreased after dormancy- release, but the content of sucrose increased with dormancy releasing. The change of cellulose was not significant. The content of fructose was positively correlated with glucose in various organs. The soluble sugar content in buds, phloem and xylem showed significantly positive correlation between the two poles.

  Induction of Callus and Organogenesis from Scales in Chongming Daffodil 2017, 33 (28):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090098 Abstract + ( 590 )   In this study, the scales were used as explants to induce callus and organogenesis of Chongming daffodil, in order to obtain the most favorable conditions of tissue culture. The influencing factors of induction of callus and organogenesis, such as low temperature treatment, the scales position and different combinations and concentrations of hormones were analyzed. The results showed that: the inner scales treated with low temperature (4℃) for 3 weeks was the suitable explants for inducing callus, the induction rate was 48.4%. The differentiation rate of callus was 23.3% on the MS medium with 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 g/L sucrose and 4 g/L agar. The experiment explored the optimal tissue culture condition to obtain the bulbsin vitro from the scales, and provided technical support for the large-scale production of Chongming daffodil.

  Comprehensive Benefits Evaluation of Returning Farmland to Forest in Qinba Mountainous Area in Southern Shaanxi 2017, 33 (28):  104-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090054 Abstract + ( 588 )   To understand the benefits of returning farmland to forest, based on current situation of the project of returning farmland to forest in southern Shaanxi in 2001-2014, the author selected indicators with reference to domestic and foreign benefit evaluation index system and method, and established an evaluation index system of returning farmland to forest in southern Shaanxi. The author determined the weighing of the indexes by using analytic hierarchy method, and quantitatively evaluated the comprehensive benefit from ecological, economic and social aspects by utilizing the benefit evaluation model. The results showed that the benefit index curve of returning farmland to forest in three cities of southern Shaanxi had a rising trend, the effect of returning farmland to forest appeared gradually and steadily, especially since 2004. The comprehensive benefits of Hanzhong, Ankang, Shangluo showed a trend of simultaneous growth, but by the end of 2014, the highest efficiency of returning farmland was 0.6630 in Hanzhong, 0.4985 in Ankang, and 0.4260 in Shangluo. The comprehensive benefit of returning farmland to forest would mai tain a steady growth trend in southern Shaanxi in the future.

  Research Progress of Nitrogen Deposition Effect on Soil Microorganism in Boreal Forest 2017, 33 (28):  111-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110047 Abstract + ( 652 )   Atmospheric nitrogen deposition leads to an increase in available nitrogen(N) content in the soil, which will change the soil microbial community structure as an important part of terrestrial ecosystem, especially in the area of high latitude N limitation, soil microorganisms are more sensitive to this change. The boreal forest is located in high latitude, N deposition will change the soil microbial community structure, function and dynamics in recent years. To fully understand the effects of N deposition on soil microbes in boreal forest, the author summarizes the N deposition on boreal forest soil microbial biomass, community structure and biodiversity, influence function and enzyme activity etc. The results showed that: (1) N deposition reduced soil microbial biomass; (2) Nitrogen deposition will alter the ratio between fungi and bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (G-) and Gram-positive bacteria (G ) in soils, most of which tend to decrease; (3) increased N deposition, might lead to soil microbial communities in the poor nutritional status of the disadvantaged, the dominant position of the nutrient rich microorganisms, indirectly affected the microbial community structure and biodiversity; (4) N deposition inhibited microbial respiration, but the influence of soil enzyme had no uniform law; (5) N deposition changed microbial substrate utilization patterns. Leaded to the decline of soil microbial decomposition of complex organic matter; (6) N deposition resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of N fixing genes and other functional genes.

  Autumn Low Temperature in Guangxi: Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics During 1971-2015 2017, 33 (28):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100046 Abstract + ( 585 )   Mastering the evolution of the Autumn Low Temperature (ALT) in Guangxi can provide decision-making basis for late rice production. [Method]Based on the daily temperature data from 88 meteorological stations in Guangxi, we calculated the yearly beginning date and the total days of ALT, and analyzed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of ALT in Guangxi by using linear tendency calculation, stage analysis, Morlet wavelet analysis, Mann-Kendall mutation test and correlation analysis. [Result] [Conclusion]The results showed that: (1) the beginning date of ALT tended to be delayed in most areas of Guangxi in recent 45 years, with a greater changing rate in the southern Guangxi than that in the northern; and the yearly ALT days tended to decrease in most areas of Guangxi, with a greater decreasing rate in the southern Guangxi than that in the northern; (2) ALT in Guangxi presented significant periodicity and mutation characteristics, whose mutation occurred in 1998; (3) the beginning date and yearly days of ALT existed quasi-periods of 4 and 8 years, separately; (4) ALT obviously responded to the climate warming. and the beginning date and yearly days of ALT had a significant positive and negative correlation with the mean temperature from September to October, respectively.

  Identification and Evaluation Standard of Rice Blast Resistance 2017, 33 (28):  123-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020081 Abstract + ( 706 )   The aim of this study is to identify the resistance of rice varieties from different ecological regions to rice blast, and to find an incidence index standard for evaluating rice blast. 72 rice varieties (lines) were used as materials for resistance identification. The plastic greenhouse artificial spray and natural induction of diseased plants’samples were combined to identify the disease. There were 17 rice varieties with strong resistance to blast disease in 72 rice varieties or lines tested, and their leaf blast disease index was 0-2. The other varieties or lines had more severe disease incidence, and the leaf blast disease index was more than 30, and some even died. The varieties with no disease in the seedling stage were also possible to be susceptible to panicle blast in the mature period. After transplanted to the field, the varieties with common type of leaf blast could be reversed to having no disease signs. The mortality of varieties with acute type of leaf blast was above 90% at reviving stage. It indicated that there was no significant correlation among seedling blast, leaf blast and panicle neck blast. The acute type leaf blast could be used as the incidence index standard for identifying the rice blast at seedling stage.

  Path Analysis of Meteorological Factors Affecting Rice Blast and Short-term Prediction Model Establishment in East Heilongjiang 2017, 33 (28):  133-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060117 Abstract + ( 725 )   Rice blast severely affects rice production in east Heilongjiang. The fixed-point investigation and periodic investigation were carried out in 2004-2013, and meteorological factors were collected during the infection of rice blast, the relationship between meteorological factors and rice blast disease index were studied by path analysis and stepwise regression methods. The results showed that: the average temperature in July and August was the predominant influencing meteorological factor on rice blast occurrence, and a short- term predicting model was built as:Y =-85.171163+0.41315X 1 +1.23231X 2-0.1817X 4-0.09418X 5 +0.167333X 6 + 0.178722X 7 +0.03334X 8 +0.04305X 9. With the above equation, regression fitting was carried out for 2004- 2013, and the result was good. The equation can be applied to middle and short-term prediction of rice blast occurrence in east Heilongjiang.

  Oviposition Selectivity of Leguminivora glycinivorella on Host Pod 2017, 33 (28):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090013 Abstract + ( 676 )   This paper is to clarify the oviposition selectivity mechanism of soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) to soybean cultivars.【Methods】The relationship between eggs and pod phenotype characteristic (such as location, size, length, density and color) was analyzed based on four soybean cultivars (lines) with different resistance levels.The results showed that, under the same environmental conditions, The amount of eggs was significantly different between cultivars. Soybean pod borer prefered to oviposite on 3-5cm long pods of mid-height and the lower pods of bean plants. The amount of eggs was a significant positive correlation with pod size and pod density, and the model was Ypods length=3.1642/(1 EXP(33.2713-13.3663x)) (F=20.120, P=0.010, R=0.550), Ypod density=1/(0.278769 2379750.0228*EXP(-x)) (F=91.518, P=0.134, R=0.656). However, the amount of eggs was a significant negative correlation with pod villi length, and the model was Ypod villi length=1356.4635/(1 EXP(3.3949 1.2865x)) (F=170.235, P=0.000, R=0.915). For the same size pods, the adults prefered soybean cultivars with short pod villi and high density. 【Conclusion】These results indicate that the pod villi length and the density influenced the resistant level of oviposition selectivity of soybean pod borer. Different seeding time and growing stages could caused that pod-filling stage was consistent with adult prosperous period, and significantly affect the amount of eggs in field.

  Batocera horsfieldi Population of Different Developmental Stages in Ash Tree: Quantitative Dynamics and Frequency Comparison 2017, 33 (28):  142-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120010 Abstract + ( 641 )   The aim is to provide guidance for controllingBatocera horsfieldi in ash tree in the Yellow River Delta. In the paper, quantitative dynamics and frequency of egg, larva, adult (pupa) population were studied by investigating the quantities of egg niche, frass hole and emergence hole ofB. horsfieldi in ash tree. The results showed that,B. horsfieldi population increasing survivorship curve was concave type, population of egg was large, and mortality was also high in the egg stage. There was a negative correlation between eggs, larva and adult (pupa) population number per tree and their frequency number. With the increasing damage of B. horsfieldi per tree, the number of damaged trees with the same damage degree declined. The frequencies classify statistics of eggs, larva and adult (pupa) were all negative binomial distribution, the corresponding spatial distribution patterns of different developmental stages were clumped distribution. The spatial distributions and dynamic changes ofB. horsfieldi population in ash tree and poplar populations were almost the same. The host had less influence on the spatial distributions and dynamic changes ofB. horsfieldi .

  Sensors: Application in Agricultural Production and Their Low Temperature Tolerance 2017, 33 (28):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040015 Abstract + ( 549 )   Sensor is a key link in the Internet of things in agriculture, but in Alpine regions have higher requirements on temperature sensor, especially at low temperature (-40 ℃) under the condition of measuring the accuracy of the data and the sensor''s durability, runs directly affects the overall regulation of the Internet of things.This paper introduces the application of sensors in agricultural production and the existing problems.Agricultural Internet of things in the main sensor, temperature and humidity sensors and illumination sensors performance for low temperature-40 ℃ test, to help farmers choose sensors.

  Heavy Metal Concentration in Commercial Tea Samples from Urban Markets 张明明 and 刘文菊 2017, 33 (28):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090091 Abstract + ( 737 )   This study mainly analyzed the concentration of heavy metals in tea products from urban markets using high pressure airtight digestion system, and inductively Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. According to theMaximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB 2762- 2012),Residue Limits for Chromium, Cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic and Fluoride in Tea (NY 659-2003), and Green Food-Heber Tea Agricultural Industry Standard of the People''s Republic of China (NY/T 2140-2012), the characteristics of Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations in the tea samples collected from markets were determined. The results showed that Pb, Cd, Hg, As concentrations in tea samples ranged from 0.1 to 1.67, 0.0006 to 0.085, 0.00021 to 0.022 and 0.00 to 0.78 mg/kg，respectively. The levels of Pb, Cd, Hg in all tea samples were lower than those safety limitations in the relevant safety standards. However, arsenic concentration in 1.9% of total tea samples exceeded the safety limitation (0.5 mg/kg) inGreen Food-Heber Tea (NY/T2140—2012). All samples with high concentration of As were black tea in bulk. Pb, Cd, Hg, As contentin tea had a certain relevance, correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between Pb and As, Hg, Cd, and between Cd and As, too. When selecting the tea on the market, consumers are advised to choose a stereotyped packaging tea, and stereotyped packaging of jasmine tea from Guangxi had high safety coefficient. The quality of bulk tea and that of black tea in the market vary a lot, so the origin, packaging type and price of tea should be taken into consideration to distinguish the quality.

  Contrastive Analysis of Land Use Efficiency: Before and After Village Construction Planning in Yongyue Village, Heilongjiang 2017, 33 (28):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010054 Abstract + ( 633 )   Abstract: The paper aims to measure and comparatively analyze land intensive use situation of Yongyue Village in Heilongjiang before and after the overall planning, so as to improve the degree of land intensive use of Yongyue Villege. According to the actual situation of the study area and data collection, we used AHP method to construct land intensive use evaluation index system of Yongyue Village, to determine the weights of evaluation factors with AHP method, established the multi factors comprehensive evaluation model, and statistically and contrastively analyzed the comprehensive evaluation values of land intensive use before planning, recent planning and after planning in Yongyue Village. The results showed that: the comprehensive evaluation values of land intensive use in Yongyue Village was 39.05, 38.27, 61.58 before planning, recent planning and after planning. Finally, to improve the degree of land intensive use in Yongyue Village, we put forward planning according to local conditions, combined with the actual situation; scientific and reasonable layout all kinds of new rural construction land; strict controlling idle land in the rural areas.