Abstract: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition leads to an increase in available nitrogen(N) content in the soil, which will change the soil microbial community structure as an important part of terrestrial ecosystem, especially in the area of high latitude N limitation, soil microorganisms are more sensitive to this change. The boreal forest is located in high latitude, N deposition will change the soil microbial community structure, function and dynamics in recent years. To fully understand the effects of N deposition on soil microbes in boreal forest, the author summarizes the N deposition on boreal forest soil microbial biomass, community structure and biodiversity, influence function and enzyme activity etc. The results showed that: (1) N deposition reduced soil microbial biomass; (2) Nitrogen deposition will alter the ratio between fungi and bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (G-) and Gram-positive bacteria (G ) in soils, most of which tend to decrease; (3) increased N deposition, might lead to soil microbial communities in the poor nutritional status of the disadvantaged, the dominant position of the nutrient rich microorganisms, indirectly affected the microbial community structure and biodiversity; (4) N deposition inhibited microbial respiration, but the influence of soil enzyme had no uniform law; (5) N deposition changed microbial substrate utilization patterns. Leaded to the decline of soil microbial decomposition of complex organic matter; (6) N deposition resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of N fixing genes and other functional genes.