Abstract: Eight villages in Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang and Western Hunan were studied by questionnaire investigation. Based on the survey data, the Logistic model was built by using farmers’ household characteristics as the main object, the main reasons for vacant farmland and residential land were analyzed, and their correlation with household characteristics were also studied. The results showed that farmers’income and agricultural land types had significant effects on vacant cultivated land (Sig .=0.034 and 0.041,P ＜0.05), the higher the farmers’income, the greater the possibility of farmland vacant area, and the more the other types of land, such as fruit, forestry, fish area and breeding, the greater the possibility of farmland vacant area. Farmers’annual income, educational level and percentage of farming members in family had significant effects on vacant residential land (Sig .=0.015, 0.036 and 0.026,P ＜0.05), the higher the level of education, the less the possibility of vacant residential land, and the more the farming members in family, the greater the possibility of vacant residential land. This study could provide references for solving the problem of rural vacant land in the process of new urbanization.