Abstract: As China’s main oil crop, peanut plays a very important role in the guarantee of the national grain and oil security. Under the future climate change, agricultural climate resource status change has a significant impact on peanut production. In order to study how to effectively take advantage of superior climate resources brought by climate change to increase peanut yield, improve peanut quality, optimize cropping system. The author reviewed research about the impacts of climate change on peanut production in recent years, found that: the lacks of the yield forecasts, the quality improvement and the cropping system changes of peanut caused by climate change existed. The crop growth models need to be strengthened in multiple climate models, large region scales, peanut breeding and comparative advantages in the future for pointing out the direction of further research on climate change impacts on China’s peanut production.