Abstract: To improve the social, economic and ecological benefits of tilapia culture, we summarized the current production status and the problems existing in the supply side of tilapia industry, such as imbalance between supply and demand, the increasing production costs, the simple market structure, and the low ability of resisting risks. Tilapia industry in China is export- oriented, when the export consumption slumps,processing plants cannot limit production capacity timely, which results in the existing problems of tilapia industry along with the lowing product additive value. The current status of fingerling breeding, adult fish culturing, processing and export trade of tilapia industry in China was reviewed. At last, the technique and policy reform on tilapia supply side were put forward. We proposed that the healthy and sustainable development of tilapia industry should be promoted through developing healthy and ecological farming, strengthening the research and development of key supporting technology for rocessing, enhancing quality and safety testing efforts of products, and vigorously developing industrial management organization and the domestic market.