Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.8 Published:21 March 2018

  Adaptability of Rice Multi-genotype Varieties in Different Ecological Rice Regions 王云月 2018, 34 (8):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030029 Abstract + ( 1027 )   The aim is to explore the adaptability and stability of multi-genotype varieties of rice in different ecological regions, to provide a basis for promotion of multi-genotype varieties. Rice Multi-genotype variety ''Youqun 6'', ''nanbanuo'' and control variety ''Hongyou 7'' were selected to conduct the field experiment. The comprehensive evaluation for tested varieties was carried out by means of disease resistance and agronomic traits. The results showed that the yield of ''Youqun 6'' (0.40 kg/m2-0.95 kg/m2) and ''Nanbanuo'' (0.81 kg/m2-1.04 kg/m2) were significant higher than the control variety (In addition to the performance of ''Youqun 6'' in ‘Wenshan’ area); The field disease occurred lighter overall, individual tested varieties showed differences in some test points, the rice blast of ''Youqun 6'' in ‘Wenshan’ (DI = 48.66) and the occurrence of rice false smut in the japonica rice area ‘chuxiong’ were relatively heavy and the varieties were still need to comprehensive observation for continuous years. The growth period of each variety was shortened with the elevation of the test site. The height of the plant was increased with the month average temperature. The coefficient variation of plant height within the rice varieties were between1.97-6.13. The results showed that the adaptation of the indica and japonica mixed area ‘Honghe’ performed best, indica area ‘Dehong’ performed well. The field performance in ‘Wenshan’ and ‘Chuxiong’ need further cultivation and comprehensive evaluation. On the whole, the adaptability and stability of tested varieties performed well.

  Effects of Planting Density on Population Physiological Indices and Yield of Sorghum 2018, 34 (8):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060059 Abstract + ( 905 )   The aim is to determine the relationships between planting density and yield, component factors of yield and population physiological indices of sorghum. The extremely early-maturity hybrid‘Tongzao No. 2’ was used as the material in a field experiment. The randomized block design was adopted with three repeats. 5 planting densities (150-thousand, 180-thousand, 210-thousand, 240-thousand, 270-thousand plants/hm2) were employed. The results showed that, the plant height of sorghum was increased and the stem diameter became thinner along with the increasing planting density, but the dry matter weight per plant, population net assimilation rate, population growth rate were significantly decreased as planting density increased. The leaf area index, leaf area duration and the total leaf area duration were significant increased with the increasing planting density. When the planting density was at the range of 150-thousand to 210-thousand plants/hm2, the grain yield significantly increased with the increasing planting density. Along with the increasing planting density, the grain yield showed a downward trend, and there was significant difference of grain yield among the treatments. Panicle number per unit area increased with the increasing planting density, but the grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increasing planting density, and the difference among treatments was significant. It is concluded that, when the planting density is 210-thousand plants/hm2, the spacing is 9.5 cm× 60 cm, the sorghum hybrid‘Tongzao No. 2’could coordinate the population structure well and obtain higher grain yield.

  Potato Varieties (Lines) with Salt Tolerance: Preliminary Identification and Screening 2018, 34 (8):  15-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110048 Abstract + ( 974 )   The paper aims to select potato varieties (lines) suitable for planting in saline soil. The experimental materials are 6 potato varieties (lines) from different regions. Under the condition of plant tissue culture, the authors conducted preliminary identification and screening of the potato varieties (lines) with salt tolerance through comparing the effects of salt stress on the appearance and physiological characteristics of plants by using different concentrations of NaCl to accumulate saline environment. The results showed that: the morphological indexes such as survival rate, rooting rate, rooting number, root length, number of leaves, height of plant, thick stem, etc. and the physiological indexes such as chlorophyll content, root vitality, proline content etc. of‘Dongnong 09-33069’were better than those of the other 5 test varieties (lines); moreover, the other 5 varieties did not appeared well on some indicators and had a poor resistance to salt stress. Thus,‘Dongnong 09-33069’has a strong resistance to stress and tolerance as well as a high stability in 6 varieties (lines), so it could be preliminarily identified as a salt-tolerant variety (line).

  Combined Application of N, P and K Affecting Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Peanut in Fluvo-aquic Soil 2018, 34 (8):  23-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060128 Abstract + ( 777 )   To achieve scientific fertilization for peanut. Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of combined application of N, P and K on peanut yield, nutrient absorption, accumulation of dry matter, and the fertilizer utilization ratio. The results showed that treatment with NPK fertilization and farmers fertilizer, the yield increased by 46.82% and 7.53% respectively; the yield increased rate of N,P and K fertilizers application was 27.80%, 13.56% and 21.12%, respectively. With nutrient accumulation more farmers NPK fertilization increased by 13.30%, 36.48% and 40.75%, respectively, the material utilization ratio of N, P and K fertilizers were 33.39%, 15.17% and 39.02%, respectively. The combined application of N, P and K (N-90, P2O5-120, K2O-150 kg/hm2) promoted the peanuts for N, P and K nutrient absorption and utilization, and increased the yield of peanut, therefore, it can be used as formula fertilizer of achieving high yield of fluvo-aquic soil in peanut.

  Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Obtaining Double Mutant Materials of Arabidopsis thaliana 2018, 34 (8):  27-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110102 Abstract + ( 1313 )   To study the gene function of sb3 and sb6 containing two MATH domains, we need to obtain the double mutants of these two closely linked genes. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to create special double knockout mutants of sb3 and sb6 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0., 10 T0 transgenic plants were obtained by PCR and Singer Sequencing. Among them, 5 transgenic plants had no editing in target sequence. In the other five transgenic plants, the target sequence of sb3 gene was edited, but the target sequence of sb6 gene was edited only in 2 transgenic plants. So far, the double-knockout mutants of sb3 and sb6 genes are successfully obtained, belonging to nucleotide deletion mutants. The two double mutants lay a good foundation for further research on the function of dual MATH-domain genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

  Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Root Endophytic Bacillus in Tomato 陈优优,李容丹,路晶晶,吴寒,龚玉杰 and 田宝玉 2018, 34 (8):  37-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050121 Abstract + ( 883 )   The study aims to investigate the distribution and species diversity of tomato root endophytic Bacillus. The endophytic Bacillus strains were isolated from 11 tomato cultivars using the traditional pure culturing method, and the molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis were conducted with 16S rRNA amplification, sequencing and analysis. A total of 65 endophytic isolates were obtained and identified as 18 species of Bacillus and Brevibacterium. The types of endophytic Bacillus strains from different cultivars were different. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bacillus spp. were clustered into different branches and populations. However, there was no obvious sequence difference for the same species from different tomato cultivars. The study indicated that the root endophytic Bacillus from different tomato cultivars had extensive species and distribution diversity.

  Different Populus deltoides Marsh. Clones and Stem Heights: Longitudinal Compressive Strength 2018, 34 (8):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120130 Abstract + ( 624 )   The paper aims to investigate the longitudinal compressive strength variation of wood in different clones and stem heights of Populus deltoides Marsh. and further broaden its development and utilization. The authors determined and analyzed the growth traits and longitudinal compressive strength of 5 clones 15 years old Populus deltoides Marsh.. The results showed that: the difference of longitudinal compressive strength was significant among different Populus deltoides Marsh. clones; longitudinal compressive strength of different stem heights differed significantly within clones; longitudinal compressive strength of different tested clones all reached above 41 MPa, and that of clone 83 was the largest, which was 48.44 MPa; that of clone 69 was the smallest which also reached 41.06 MPa; the variation tendency of the strength along the tree height was in good agreement with different clones, which was gradually increasing with the tree height increase; however, the strength at different tree heights was different significantly within the same clone; the longitudinal compressive strength of Populus deltoides Marsh. was negatively correlated with DBH and positively correlated with tree height, both were not significant; the correlation coefficient was 0.106 between the strength and the single tree volume, indicating that they had no correlation.

  Spectral Response of Phosphorus and Potassium Content in Phyllostachys pubescens Leaves at Different Scales 2018, 34 (8):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030090 Abstract + ( 634 )   The responses of different scales to the phosphorus and potassium contents in leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens were studied. The results showed that It is of theoretical and practical significance to grasp the growth status and nutrient level of Phyllostachys pubescens in real time.Based on the original spectral spectrum of leaf and canopy of Phyllostachys pubescens as the data source, The spectral estimation models of phosphorus and potassium contents and sensitive bands at different scales were constructed by regression analysis using first order differential spectroscopy and so on. The stability and predictability were evaluated accurately. The results showed that the linear regression equation model with the first order differential spectrum of phosphorus content in the spectral analysis was 74.90%,And it has an advantage in establishing a model with higher specific phosphorus content. In the canopy spectrum analysis, the linear equation model with the first-order differential spectrum of potassium content is as high as 78.71%, and it is more advantageous in establishing the model with high specificity of potassium. At the same time, the first order differential spectrum can reduce the spatial heterogeneity to improve the spectral estimation model inversion accuracy.

  Plant Light Competitive Relationship and Its Influence Factors: Research Advances 2018, 34 (8):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090088 Abstract + ( 646 )   In order to explore the light competition among adjacent plants in plant communities, based on the summary of the light characteristics of different living plants, the different light competitive relationships in the common complex systems composed of woody plants, herbaceous plants and vines were comprehensively analyzed，moreover, the effect of environmental factors, human disturbance and time scale factors on the relationships was deeply analyzed，and put forward that the inherent regulation mechanism and predict model on the competition in relation to light resource among adjacent plants need to be further studied.

  Taxonomy of Alternaria from Compositae: Research Progress 赵明敏, and 2018, 34 (8):  63-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110033 Abstract + ( 756 )   The paper aims to clarify the hazards and types of Alternaria from Compositae plants. The authors collected, classified and analyzed the related literatures at home and abroad in recent 10 years. The results indicated that: Alternaria could infect the leaves, stems and flowers of a number of genera in Compositae and cause black spot, brown spot and zonate spot disease, it was becoming more and more serious. There were 54 Alternaria species with Compositae as host reported around the world, including 46 species abroad, and 20 species at home. Alternaria species from Compositae worldwide were summarized in this study which laid a foundation for controlling the disease. Less Alternaria species related to Compositae were reported in China, mostly distributed in northern China, the taxonomy mainly depended on morphology and should be combined with molecular methods for the systematic analysis.

  Correlation Analysis of Phenotypic Traits of Parent and Daughter Roots of Aconitum carmichaeli in Diqing, Yunnan 2018, 34 (8):  71-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030080 Abstract + ( 595 )   The aims are to study the genetic law of the main agronomic characters of Aconitum carmichaeli, and provide a basis for the breeding of Aconitum carmichaeli. The characters of parent roots and daughter roots of 14 Aconitum carmichaeli germplasm resources were analyzed. The correlation analysis, canonical correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to make multi-perspective research on the matrix composed of parent roots and daughter roots, the relationship among the characters was explored, and the importance of the characters in breeding was clarified. The results showed that there were different degrees of correlation among the characters of parent roots, the characters of daughter roots as well as between the characters of parent roots and daughter roots; there were six significant typical correlations between parent roots and daughter roots, and several representative indicators were selected from each group of variables to reveal the correlation between parent roots and daughter roots; the multiple variables in parent roots and daughter roots were reduced to five new factors through the factor analysis, which represented the intrinsic relationship between the variables in the system. In the process of characters selecting, those bulbs with long fibrous roots were the preferred choices; the choice of the number fibrous roots of bulbs could be relatively loosened; bulbs with stout main roots could make daughter roots have compact spacing; in addition to the cultivation of daughter roots, the cultivation of long main roots, thick fibrous roots and thick split-roots should also be taken into consideration, because these characters concerned the development of the next generation.

  Soil Total Nitrogen of Different Crop Types in Danjiangkou Reservoir Hydro-fluctuation Belt 2018, 34 (8):  72-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060018 Abstract + ( 789 )   By collecting surface soil of different crop types in the peripheral zone of Danjiangkou hydrofluctuation belt, the total nitrogen content of 0-10 cm (A) and 10-20 cm (B) soil layer were measured, and the distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen content in Danjiangkou hydro-fluctuation belt were analyzed. The content of nitrogen was determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that in the hydro-fluctuation belt, with the increase of soil depth, the total nitrogen content of different crop types decreased, which indicated that the total nitrogen content decreased with the increase of soil depth. In different crop types, the soil nitrogen content was different, the total nitrogen content in A layer of pumpkin field was the highest, then was eggplant field and soybean field, the lowest was cotton field; in layer B, similarly, the total nitrogen content in pumpkin filed was the highest, then was mung field and corn field, the lowest was sorghum field. The total nitrogen content of A layer was the highest in Yun County, then was Danjiangkou City, and the lowest was Xichuan County; total nitrogen content of B layer was the highest in Danjiangkou City, then was Xichuan County, the lowest was Yun County.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Key Meteorological Disasters in Southwest Shandong 2018, 34 (8):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070127 Abstract + ( 737 )   Under the background of climate change, the meteorological disasters occur much frequently. The study aims to prevent disasters and reduce damages. Based on the observation data from the surface meteorological station and that from the historical disasters of the 7 counties and 2 districts in the southwest of Shandong in 1971-2010, the time and space distribution characteristics of the main meteorological disasters in the southwest of Shandong are analyzed, such as rainstorm, thunderbolt, gale and hail. This study provides the technology and theory supports for the prevention of meteorological disasters in the southwest of Shandong. The results show that the number of the rainstorm days increases with the increase of the year and increases from the north to the south. The number of thunderbolt days decreases with the increase of the year and decreases from Mudan district to the other countries. Meanwhile, the number of the hail days shows a decline trend and that of the gale shows a much obvious decline trend.

  Silicon Fertilizer and Zinc Fertilizer as Base Fertilizer: Effect on Magnaporthe oryzae 张瑞洋 2018, 34 (8):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090039 Abstract + ( 697 )   Rice blast is a major disease in rice production. The purpose of this paper is to explore effective production measures to reduce pesticide input and increase efficiency of rice. The study is conducted in original seed field in Chongyang, Xianning where rice blast often occurred seriously. The authors set 8 different fertilizer units using silicon fertilizer and zinc fertilizer as base fertilizer to study the control effect on rice leaf blast and panicle blast and the influence on rice yield. The results showed that: all the treatments had control effect on rice leaf blast and panicle blast, compared with the control without silicon and zinc fertilizer application as base fertilizer, and the mixed application of silicon and zinc fertilizer as base fertilizer [silicon fertilizer (225 kg/hm2)+ zinc fertilizer (15 kg/hm2)] had the best control effect on rice leaf blast and panicle blast with the control efficiency of 84.98% and 75.65%, respectively, and the disease index decreased from 21.70 and 15.05 to 3.26 and 3.58, respectively; all microelement fertilizers had yield increase effect of different degrees. In summary, this study shows that the rational silicon fertilizer treatment can not only reduce the occurrence of rice blast, but also increase rice yield, and can be used to reduce pesticide input and increase efficiency of rice.

  Conservation and Alcoholization of Flue-cured Tobacco Lamina by Physical Modified Atmosphere Method 2018, 34 (8):  95-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120039 Abstract + ( 642 )   To further deepen the understanding of physical modified atmosphere method, the effect of controlled atmosphere and varying pattern of alcoholization quality of the flue-cured tobacco lamina were researched. The results proved that: physical modified atmosphere method could keep stable oxygen concentration within fitting zone for the alcoholization of the flue-cured tobacco lamina. Using the method of physical modified atmosphere, the sensitivity between stacking internal relative humidity and the outside humidity was low, the flue-cured tobacco lamina was in favor of preventing be affected with damp and mildew under high humidity conditions. After 12 months of alcoholization, compared with chemical modified atmosphere method, the aroma precursors material of the physical modified atmosphere method such as chlorogenic acid, rutin, lutein and β-carotene degradation was more fully, the alcoholization quality of the flue-cured tobacco lamina had certain degree of ascension. The sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco lamina was best with the treatment of the oxygen concentration call backed to 15%-21%. The alcoholization quality of the flue-cured tobacco lamina of physical modified atmosphere method was better than the chemical modified atmosphere method.

  Fermentation Process Optimization and Characteristics of Anchovy Sauce 2018, 34 (8):  104-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030059 Abstract + ( 591 )   The feasibility of diluted mash fermentation technology with lower salt was evaluated for producing qualified fish sauce on a large scale and improving additional value of fish and shrimp and their leftovers. The orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the fermentation process for production of anchovy sauce based on the single factor experiments, and the quality of anchovy sauce was evaluated. The results showed that the factors affecting the fermentation process of anchovy sauce consecutively included the ratio of rice koji to red koji, the percentage of salt as well as the percentage of the mixed koji. The optimum parameters were as follows: 15% of mixed koji, the ratio of rice koji to red koji of 4:1, fermentation period for 20 d at 40℃. The result showed that the contents of amino nitrogen (AN) and total nitrogen (TN) in anchovy sauce were 0.92 g/100 mL and 1.26 g/100 mL, respectively. The salt content reduced to 15.21%, and the total content of free amino acids amounted to 53.98 mg/100 mL, which met the first grade standard of fish sauce. GC-MS analysis showed that 85 volatile compounds were detected in the product, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters and nitrogen-containing compounds. In summary, this technology not only shortens the fermentation period, but maintains good flavor and nutrients, so it is an alternative method for fish sauce production on a large scale. In addition, it provided a new approach for improving the additional value of anchovy.

  Effects of Resveratrol on Growth Performance, Immunity and Liver Microstructure of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) 2018, 34 (8):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090040 Abstract + ( 567 )   Resveratrol has gained great interest due to various reported health benefits. However, little information is available about its effects on the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplemental resveratrol on the growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal villi and liver microstructure of GIFT. (Method) Fish were fed four diets with different levels of resveratrol: 0, 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg. Eight non-specific immune enzymes in serum were measured on the 45th day. (Result)The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed coefficient (FC) significantly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of resveratrol at average 6.5%, 4.0% and 8.3% respectively. Activities of C3, C4, IgM, TNF-α, Hsp-60 and TRF decreased with increasing addition of resveratrol. Furthermore, differentSdegrees of damage were observedSin intestinal villi and liver in treated groups. (Conclusion)Therefore, addition of 0.1% resveratrol in diets can partially decrease non-specific immune enzyme activities, and damage the intestine and liver of tilapia.

  Supply Side Reform of Tilapia Industry: Some Thoughts 2018, 34 (8):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010004 Abstract + ( 669 )   To improve the social, economic and ecological benefits of tilapia culture, we summarized the current production status and the problems existing in the supply side of tilapia industry, such as imbalance between supply and demand, the increasing production costs, the simple market structure, and the low ability of resisting risks. Tilapia industry in China is export- oriented, when the export consumption slumps,processing plants cannot limit production capacity timely, which results in the existing problems of tilapia industry along with the lowing product additive value. The current status of fingerling breeding, adult fish culturing, processing and export trade of tilapia industry in China was reviewed. At last, the technique and policy reform on tilapia supply side were put forward. We proposed that the healthy and sustainable development of tilapia industry should be promoted through developing healthy and ecological farming, strengthening the research and development of key supporting technology for rocessing, enhancing quality and safety testing efforts of products, and vigorously developing industrial management organization and the domestic market.

  Application of Chinese Medical Herbs in Aquatic Animals: A Review 2018, 34 (8):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020090 Abstract + ( 651 )   During China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period, comprehensive breeding technology is recommended in aquaculture. At present, the application of Chinese medical herbs in aquatic animals is wildly accepted in China. However, the research on pond water purification, disease resistance and immune mechanism of Chinese medical herbs in aquaculture is still at the starting stage. We reviewed the composition as well as functions of Chinese medical herbs such as sterilization, food attractant, growth improvement, antioxidative activities and immunity enhancing. Moreover, we pointed out the problems in the application of Chinese medical herbs, including ambiguous action mechanism, undefined dosage or planting area, and high cost. This review can contribute to forming foundation for the application of Chinese medical herbs in aquaculture.

  Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Farmers Cooperatives in Poor Mountainous Areas: A Case Study 2018, 34 (8):  129-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110049 Abstract + ( 770 )   [Objective] The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of peasant cooperatives in small watershed of poor mountainous area are analyzed. [Method] To start with, 204 peasant cooperatives in four townships of Qingzhang River in Zuoquan County are classified according to the industry status. On the basis of classification, the distribution regularities of all kinds of cooperatives are analysis using spatial analyst tools of Arcgis10.0 software, then explore the dominant factors of distribution using geo-detector model. [Result]Peasant cooperatives in Qingzhang River are mainly divided into five types of forestry, farming, breeding, planting and breeding, service according to the industry status. In terms of scale, farmers Cooperatives with forestry walnut planting are most widely distributed. In respect of influence factor, the dominant factor of forestry is the area of rural forest land, with the determining factor q value 0.316; the dominant factor of farming is the area of rural cultivated land, with the determining factor q value 0.222; the dominant factor of breeding and service is the area of rural residential area, with the determining factor q value 0.268 and 0.273; the dominant factor of planting and breeding is the rural road network, with the determining factor q value 0.258; [Conclusion] The scale of farmer specialized cooperatives in small watershed of poor mountainous area are small and primary; The spatial distribution of the five types of cooperatives shows certain regularity, exist regional differentiation phenomenon; There are differences in the dominant factors affecting the regional differentiation of peasant cooperatives.

  Risk Preference of Rice Growers in China: Theoretical Model and Quantitative Measurement 2018, 34 (8):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050102 Abstract + ( 644 )   To understand the risk preference type and risk preference level of rice growers in different areas of China, and promote the stable development of grain production, a theoretical model of expected utility function was established and the panel data model was used for estimation. Based on the regression results, the study measured the risk preference indexes of rice growers from 23 provinces and cities of the eastern, central, southwestern and northeastern areas of China during 2008- 2015. The results showed that rice farmers in different areas of China were risk-averse and the greater the yield of rice, the higher the risk aversion level of rice growers in the area. Therefore, for the risk-averse rice growers, reducing production risk is an effective means of achieving stable grain growth. The relevant suggestions are provided on strengthening the promotion of yield insurance, increasing government supply of public goods, and regulating agricultural markets.

  The Efficiency of Vegetable Consumption Subsidy in Consumer Oriented City: An Empirical Analysis of Shanghai 2018, 34 (8):  144-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090107 Abstract + ( 526 )   As people are paying more attention to healthy living, vegetables have become an essential part of the healthy diet of residents, and subsidies are of great significance in ensuring the supply of vegetables, maintaining vegetable price stability, protecting the interests of farmers, promoting food security and the development of modern agriculture and so on .Therefore, this paper used the data of 7 districts in Shanghai city in 2011-2015, using DEA and Malmquist index. The author found that the inefficiency of vegetable subsidy is caused by the technical inefficiency and the scale inefficiency, among which the inefficiency of scale is the main reason; And there is a mismatch between the size of subsidies and production scale; The average annual rate of Malmquist production was reduced by 13.5%, which was mainly due to the backward technology level and unreasonable scale subsidies. According to these results, it is suggested that the scale of subsidies should be adjusted reasonably according to the actual situation of vegetable industry development.

  Tax Preferential Policies Affect Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation: An Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data of Agricultural Leading Enterprises 2018, 34 (8):  145-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070030 Abstract + ( 801 )   In pushing forward the agriculture economic reform and preferential tax framework dynamic evolution, the impact of tax preferential policies on agricultural scientific and technological innovation is particularly critical. The research aims to further validate the influence of tax preferential policies on the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises. We analyzed the data of 40 agricultural leading enterprises and cities based on Poisson regression, fractional regression and mediation effect. The results showed that, tax preferential policies played a significant role in promoting scientific and technological innovation, but had a weakening effect on R&D investment, and had no significant incentive for human input. At present, the tax preferential policies have not formed an effective incentive system for agricultural science and technology innovation. The empirical analysis has certain practical applicability, and can provide a quantitative reference for the formulation of preferential tax policies and the innovation of agricultural science and technology.

  Rural Tourism of Residents in Xinxiang: Decision-making Behavior and Influencing Factors 2018, 34 (8):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030140 Abstract + ( 681 )   Abstract: Rural tourism decision-making behaviors of urban residents are driven by a variety of factors. It will provide important theoretical basis for improving the attraction of a scenic spot for tourism management department by identifying key factors affecting rural tourism decision-making behavior. The authors selected 12 measurement indicators to analyze rural tourism decision-making behavior of residents in Xinxiang from 4 dimensions of latent variables, and established a decision model based on AMOS structural equations. The results showed that: residents income level, leisure time, and educational level were important factors significantly affecting rural tourism decision-making; the direct influence of destination image on tourism decision-making was greatest, indicating internal factors of scenic spots were direct decision-making factors driving tourists to make a final decision; tourism strategy had an indirect effect on decision–making mainly through tourism expectation. It was concluded that improving resident income level and enhancing scenic brand awareness would exert positive effects on final tourism decision-making.