Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.7 Published:07 March 2018

  Fertilization in Maize Season: Effects on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Apparent Balance in Maize-rice Rotation System 2018, 34 (7):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030032 Abstract + ( 1086 )   The maize-late rice rotation is a recently developed cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze river. It is important to study the seasonal dynamics of soil nutrient after fertilization in maize season and their effect on late rice growth for optimization of fertilization strategy in maize-rice system. This paper studied the no-till system of maize-rice rotation with three fertilization treatments, including no fertilizer application in the two crop seasons (MR0), conventional fertilization in maize season and no fertilization in rice season (MR1), conventional fertilization in both crop seasons (MR2). In comparison with MR0 treatment, soil available nitrogen in MR1 and MR2 plots was significantly decreased, while the soil available phosphorus content was significantly increased, and the content of available potassium in the soil was not significantly changed at the harvest of maize. The annual apparent balance of soil N and K in maize-rice system showed in the status of deficiency. However, the soil P was in the apparent surplus under MR2 treatment, the apparent equilibrium under MR1, and the obvious deficit in MR0 plots. Possibly due to deficiency in soil available nitrogen and potassium, dry matter accumulation and yield of rice under MR1 treatment were not significantly higher than those under MR0 treatment, while significantly lower than those of MR2 treatment. Accordingly, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied in each crop season, while, more phosphorus fertilizer could be considered to apply in maize season, and less or no P fertilizer was applied in the rice season.

  Research progress of tea polyploidy breeding 2018, 34 (7):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030041 Abstract + ( 1614 )   Tea is an important economic crop in China. Since 60s, tea breeding has been the focus of tea research. In order to offer new corn germplasms for tea breeding work and achieve a breakthrough in breeding work, widely development on tea polyploidy breeding research was carried out both at home and abroad. In this paper, the research progress of tea polyploidy breeding technology was summarized from the acquisition and identification two aspects. The study of polyploidy induction efficiency and the new inducer should be strengthened. It is pointed out that the chimera is a common problem in polyploidy breeding; The regeneration frequency and establishment of genetic transformation system of tea in vitro has great significance for the isolation of tea chimera and the establishment of polyploidy induction technology. In this paper the advantage in tea polyploidy breeding and developing directions are also discussed.

  Spatio-temporal Accumulation Characteristics of Panax notoginseng Saponins: Research Progress 赵昶灵,,, and 2018, 34 (7):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030007 Abstract + ( 1282 )   To clarify the spatio- temporal dynamic characteristics of the saponin accumulation in Panax notoginseng plants, the total saponin contents, the changing of categories and contents of saponin monomers and the difference rules in the same organ in different years and in different organs in the same year were summarized, and the tissue difference of the saponin contents of the two-year-old main roots and the monthchange features of the saponin contents of the three-year-old main roots were also briefly summed up. It was pointed out that the temporal dynamic characteristics of the saponin accumulation of P. notoginseng mainly depended on the categories and contents of saponin in the same organ changing with the growth ages, and the spatial dynamic characteristics of the saponin accumulation were mainly due to the different categories and contents of saponins of different organs at the same growth age. This study could provide a reference for the scientific affirmation of the collection period and the reasonable utilization of P. notoginseng organs.

  Study on Planting Density and Fertilization Optimization in Huangyan Purple Yam 陈孝赏,,, and 2018, 34 (7):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100051 Abstract + ( 1161 )   To study the nutrient requirement character of Huangyan Purple yam can provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization, as well as avoid and reduce the waste and pollution caused by irrational fertilization. Single factor randomized block design and quadratic saturation D optimum design were used to study the effect of density and NPK fertilizers on tuber yield of purple yam, and corresponding mathematical models were established. In high-yielding cultivation of purple yam, application amount of K fertilizer had the greatest and positive effect on the yield of purple yam, while N and P fertilizers had a minor and negative effect on the yield of purple yam. Thus, to control N, add K and save P fertilizers is the effective measure to obtain high yield in purple yam. The optimized planting density of Purple yam was 20-25 thousand plants/hm2, the optimum agricultural combination factors for purple yam obtaining a yield more than 27.0 t/hm2, were showed as follows: rates of nitrogen were 185.06-333.94 kg/hm2; rates of phosphorus were 65.30-189.69 kg/hm2；rates of potassium were 342.83-559.30 kg/hm2. Overuse of fertilizers to increase yields is not desirable. Instead, NPK fertilizers should be combined and soil fertility should be well managed. The quadratic saturation D optimum design can be applied to optimum fertilization techniques in Huangyan Purple yam cultivation.

  Visual Analysis of Remote Sensing Research Hotspots in Agriculture: Based on Mapping Knowledge Domains 2018, 34 (7):  23-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030025 Abstract + ( 1441 )   Based on the method of scientific knowledge map and the theory of knowledge visualization, the authors explored the hotspots and trends of remote sensing research in agriculture in the past 20 years based on literatures of remote sensing research in agriculture in CNKI database from 1997 to 2016. Through the analysis of cooperation map, cluster map and key words map of specific institutions, the results showed that this research field was in a rapid development stage, the research institutions were significantly different and had clear hot topics. Through the analysis of institutional cooperation, it was found that the published paper number of CAS was the most, and key words analysis showed that the research focused on agricultural land change, remote sensing monitoring and precision agriculture. Finally, the application of remote sensing technology and geographic information system technology in land use, nuclear agronomy and bioscience would be the trend of the development in a long period of time.

  Spatiotemporal Expression Analysis of Three Key Enzyme Gene CAS, DS and β-AS in the Biosynthesis Pathway of Saponins in Panax japonicus var. major 2018, 34 (7):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100013 Abstract + ( 982 )   The aim is to elucidate the spatiotemporal expression of Cycloartenol synthase (CAS), Dammarenediol-Ⅱ-synthase (DS) and β-amyrine synthase (β- AS) gene and their relationship and the total saponin content of Panax japonicus var. major Leaves, stems, flowers and rhizomes of Panax japonicus var. major were used as materials, and the expressions ofCAS ,DS and β-AS in different phases were determined by real-time RT-PCR, and the relationship between gene expression and total saponin content was analyzed. CAS ,DS and β-AS were highly expressed in the overground part of Panax japonicus var. major, and were low expressed in rhizomes. The expression levels of CAS showed a tendency of high- low- high from May to September, butDS and β-AS showed the reverse trend. The change of total saponin content showed an“S” curve and it was positively correlated with the expression ofDS and β-AS at the early stage of Panax japonicus var. major. It is speculated that leaf may be the initial and primary site of saponins synthesis and rhizome may be the site of partial saponins synthesis at the later growth stage of Panax japonicus var. major.

  Chimonobambusa angustifolia Afforestation Experiment on Steep Slope Arable Land: A Preliminary Report 2018, 34 (7):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100012 Abstract + ( 837 )   To explore technical measures for high afforesting survival rate of Chimonobambusa angustifolia on steep slope arable land, and ensure the measures’successful application in returning farmland to bamboo, we studied the effects of parent bamboo type, afforesting bamboo time, afforesting bamboo density, covering measures and mixed tree species etc. on bamboo survival rate, bamboo shooting rate, yield year and landscape effect. The results showed that, by transplanting 2- 3 year old bamboo clump of more than 2 plants with mulched straw in early March, the afforesting survival rate and shoot rate reached 92% . When bamboo afforestation density was 1667 clump/hm2, the fourth year could be the yield year. Transplanting parent bamboo pole on the ground could dry, but the bamboo shoots buds could survive and all sprout. The early stage of mixed tree species had small crown breadth and low canopy density and did not affect the growth of C. angustifolia obviously. The gingko and camphor trees had obvious effect on the landscape of C. angustifolia.

  Pinus massoniana: Correlation Between Resin Yield and Main Tree Factors 2018, 34 (7):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040074 Abstract + ( 599 )   The paper aims to study the correlation between resin yield and tree factors of Pinus massoniana, analyzed the relationships between resin yield and DBH, crown height, crown width, canopy outline by Bivariate and Partial correlation analysis. The results showed that: the resin yield of P. massoniana was positively correlated with DBH, crown height, crown width, canopy outline by bivariate correlation analysis, of which the correlation coefficient was crown height (0.782)>crown outline (0.780)> canopy width(0.743)>DBH (0.440); the significant negative correlation between resin yield of P. massoniana and DBH (R=-0.183, P<0.05) was detected by partial correlation analysis, in contrast, significant positive correlation between resin yield and canopy outline (R=0.727, P<0.01), crown height (R=0.721, P<0.01), crown width (R=0.681, P<0.01) was detected; the multiple linear regression equation obtained to estimate resin yield of P. massoniana was: Y=-0.046x胸径+0.514x冠幅+0.569x冠长-2.830, while R2 was 0.639 for the goodness of fit. All the results suggested that the correlation between resin yield and tree factors of P. massoniana could be reflected more really by partial correlation analysis, for that the interference factor had been excluded, the effect of tree factors on resin yield of P. massoniana was ranked as: canopy outline>crown height>crown width>DBH, of which the DBH affected resin yield of P. massoniana negatively.

  Response of Leaves Physiological Characteristics of Tamarix chinensis Seedlings to Alkali Stress 刘方春 2018, 34 (7):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030028 Abstract + ( 706 )   A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of mixedalkali (the mole ratio of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 is 9:1) at different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mmol/L mixtures on physiological characteristics in leaves and plant height of TamarixchinensisLour. seedlings. The results showed that in comparison with the control, the relative water contents in leaves of TamarixchinensisLour. were significantly decreased at the alkali concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mmol/L by 8.82%, 34.49%, 43.27%, and 45.43%, respectively. Whereas the contents of MDA, soluble sugar and proline presented an increasing trend along with the increase of alkali concentrations, and the proline contents in the alkali concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mmol/L were increased by 36.37%, 56.41%, 77.35%, and 84.25%, respectively, compared with the control. In addition, the size order of plant height in different alkali concentrations was as follows: control>100 mmol/L>200mmol/L>300mmol/L≈400mmol/L, and the plant height in the alkali concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mmol/L were significantly decreased by 45.95%, 62.16%, 70.27%, and 74.05% in contrast to the control, respectively. This suggested that different degree of alkali stress equally inhibited the growth of TamarixchinensisLour.seedlings. As a result, the alkali stress mainly including NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 had significantly inhibitory effect on the growth of amarixchinensisLour., and as the increase of degree of alkali stress, the inhibitory effect become larger and larger.

  Tissue Culture Research on Stem Segment of High-yielding Sambucus williamsii 2018, 34 (7):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030031 Abstract + ( 680 )   The tissue culture system of high-yielding Sambucus williamsii was established using young stem segment of cutting seedlings as the material, aimed to speed up the breeding of improved varieties. The results showed that the proper method for surface sterilization was treating the stem segment of cutting seedlings with 75% alcohol and 0.1% HgCl2 for 30 s and 15 min, and the survival rate could reach 80%. The medium suitable for bud germination was MS+ NAA 0.05 mg/L, with the induction rate of 98.7%. The optimal culture medium for multiplication was MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ TDZ 0.01 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L, with multiplication coefficient of 3.82. The rooting medium was 1/2MS+ IBA 0.1 mg/L, with the best growth and the rooting rate of 100%. When transplanted, a combination of perlite and humus in the ratio of 3:5 was adopted as the medium, and the survival rate could reach over 95%.

  Analysis of Physiological Genetic Variation of Apple Hybrid Variety‘Sushuai’ 蒋梦婷 and 2018, 34 (7):  58-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030042 Abstract + ( 1004 )   This research provides a theoretic foundation for the further study on the desirable qualities?of ‘Su Shuai’. [methods] The hybrid?‘Su Shuai’, its male parent ‘Golden Delicious’ and female parent‘Indo’ were measured of the number and length of internodes, chlorophyll contents, fruits soluble solids and titrable?acids?contents, along with endogenous hormone contents in leaf. The paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy technology were employed to compare leaf structure of ‘Su Shuai’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’. Moreover, parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange were also been studied. [Results]The internodes of ‘Su Shuai’ were significantly shorter than those of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’ in length, while the relative chlorophyll amount of which was significant higher than its parents. The titrable?acids?contents of ‘Su Shuai’ were significantly higher than ‘Golden Delicious’ while there is no significant difference of soluble solids between these two. The endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), indole 3 acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) contents of ‘Su Shuai’ were all difference compared with ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’.The under the skin stomatal?of ‘Su Shuai’ was smaller than ‘Golden Delicious’ while higher than ‘Indo’ in length, with P>0. 01. The stomatal width of ‘Su Shuai’ is significant higher than that of ‘Indo’ and shows no significant difference with ‘Golden Delicious’. The stomatal density of ‘Su Shuai’ is higher than its parents with significant difference. The palisade tissue cells of ‘Su Shuai’ were inconsistent?in size, and were arranged in a relative messy with no obvious boundaries of sponge tissue. As for ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’, the cells of palisade tissue set?close, neatly?arranged and has obvious boundaries with sponge tissue. For ‘Su Shuai’, the total thickness, on and under skins, palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness and the ratio of palisade and spongy tissue of leaves were significantly higher than those of ''Golden Delicious'' and'' Indo''. [Conclusion] The diversity in traits that apple species ‘Su Shuai’ shows compared with its parents, provides Germplasm Resources to breeding of new apple cultivar.

  Phenotypic Diversity of Wild Peony Natural Population in Northwest Yunnan 2018, 34 (7):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050104 Abstract + ( 662 )   To reveal the variation degree and variation regularity of natural peony populations in northwest Yunnan, we used 12 morphological indexes to study the phenotypic diversity of 18 natural populations of Paeonia suffruticosa. The results showed that there was a wide range of variation in the phenotypic traits of P. suffruticosa in northwest Yunnan, the variation coefficient of the 12 traits among the populations was 16.65%- 107.78%. The average coefficient of variation among populations was 38.44%. Among the 18 populations studied, the variation of Ninglang County Township Labo population was the smallest, the coefficient of variation was 25.02% ; followed by Yulong County Dapingba population, the coefficient of variation was 26.68%; the variation of Liming Line population was the highest, the coefficient of variation was 50.86%. There were abundant phenotypic diversities among the populations and within the populations in northwest China. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient of 12 phenotypic traits was 98.51% , the variation among populations (48.87%) was greater than that within populations (0.59%), indicating that the variation among populations was the main source of phenotypic variation. The canonical correlation analysis between phenotypic traits and geographical factors showed that, the gradient could be interpreted in positive direction of single pod length (y11), pedicel length (y8), petiole length (y4), total number of pods (y10); the gradient could be explained in negative direction of pod width (y12), number of pods (y9), plant height (y1). The results of cluster analysis showed that the variation of phenotypic traits among populations of P. suffruticosa was discontinuous.

  Variation Characteristics of Agricultural Heat Resources During 1967-2016 in Huiyang 2018, 34 (7):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040088 Abstract + ( 567 )   Based on the daily mean temperature data from Huiyang National Basic Meteorological Station from 1967 to 2016, this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of agricultural heat resources in Huiyang by trend analysis, M-K mutation test and wavelet analysis index. The results showed that: the increase of agricultural heat resources in Huiyang in recent 50 years was obvious, specifically, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the increase of annual mean temperature showed significant correlation, they both had an increasing trend, the growth rate were 102.6℃?d /10 a and 0.24℃/10 a, respectively; however, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature duration days were increasing slowly and fluctuated with increasing rate of 1.73 d/10 a; the increasing trend of heat resources showed obvious stage with a mutation phenomenon overall in recent 50 years, and the mutation of the annual mean temperatures and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature occurred in 1990 and 1988, respectively, the significant increase of annual mean temperature began in 1996; in addition, the mutation test result of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature days showed a rise and fall alternation trend, it also indicated that there was another rising after 2017; the primary period of periodic oscillations was 24 to 32 years, and during the oscillation cycle of the 10 to 32 years, the periodic oscillations occured 3 high and low alternations, and the oscillations of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and days were much more frequently than that of annual mean temperature. In the past 50 years, the average temperature and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were 22.1℃ and 8028.8℃?d, this conditions met the heat demand of the growth of tropical crops, and the triple-cropping of rice’s planting condition. Therefore, considering the increase situation and continue increasing trend of heat resources in Huiyang, it is necessary to evaluate, develop and utilize heat resources reasonably, and to avoid agricultural meteorological risks in a timely and effective manner.

  Ecological Stress of China’s Rural Energy Carbon Emissions 2018, 34 (7):  78-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020107 Abstract + ( 806 )   [Method][Objective]Basing the ten major domestic energy consumption and social economic statistics data of 2006-2013 years in China"s rural areas, the ecological stress of rural energy carbon emissions in China, By calculating the values of EEF, EFC etal,, and constructing the STIRPAT model and the improved decoupling index method. [Results]The results show that, from 2006 to 2013, (1) the annual consumption of coal, straw and firewood respectively at a rate of 1.58%, 3.16% and 4.26% lower. Electricity, refined oil, liquefied petroleum gas, gas, biogas and solar energy average of 25.99%, 8.53%, 22.78%, 4.02%, 34.85%, 12.82%, 9.11% of the rate of growth. (2) China"s rural energy supply exceeds demand, the consumption of domestic energy consumption has not formed the pressure on rural environment. (3) Energy use efficiency continues to improve, the economic value of the unit land area and carbon emissions to continue to enhance the economic value. (4)Appropriately reducing the size of the population and optimizing the structure of population is the efficient and effective way to build the countryside. (5) Technology is the inhibitory factors of environmental effect, innovation of technology is the important way of rural construction. [Conclusion]There is a huge room for improvement in China"s energy consumption model, also it should further strengthen the government regulation, focus on guiding the residents of green consumption concept, so that China"s rural construction can proceed to sustainable development.

  Evolvement Rule of Small Watershed Runoff in Hillslope Tea Garden in Southern Area 2018, 34 (7):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100057 Abstract + ( 478 )   The effect of precipitation on runoff in hillslope tea garden in southern area was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable and efficient utilization of water resources. The seasonal and annual variation characteristics of precipitation and runoff- yield in tea garden in Anxi of Fujian were analyzed based on hydrological data during 2014-2016. Sediment grain size distribution in water station was analyzed as well. The results showed that: the region was affected by the temperature, and precipitation was concentrated in July and August. Runoff was affected by precipitation and climate resulting in greater distribution differences of runoff during the year; with the soil from wetting to water saturation, the infiltration amount was gradually reduced, and the runoff volume was increased. Scour ability of rainwater to the surface was increased, so that runoff was changed from small amount to large amount, which caused the transportation of large grain sediment. In addition, sediment grain size distribution increased from upper layer to lower layer at the entrance years, increase of human activities also has certain influence on runoff.

  Relationship Between Soil Enzyme Activity and Nutrients of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Different Seasons in Naban River Nature Reserve Area 申佳艳,, and 2018, 34 (7):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030105 Abstract + ( 520 )   Field investigation and indoor analysis method were combined to study soil enzyme activities and nutrients of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in different seasons in Naban River Nature Reserve Area, to explore the impact of seasonal change on enzyme activities and soil nutrients content, and the influence of seasonal change on the relationship between enzyme activities and soil fertilities. The results showed that seasonal variation had a significant impact on soil nutrients content and enzyme activities, different nutrient indicators and enzyme activities showed different variability with the change of season and soil depth, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.1 to 1.5; seasonal variation had significant effects on the relationship between each index of nutrient and soil enzyme activities, and the relationship changed with the season; the relationship among soil enzymes was less affected by the change of season, and the correlation was not obvious. There was significant or extremely significant correlation between soil fertilities and enzyme activities of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in the reserve area, the direct influence of soil nutrients on enzyme activities had different degrees of change with seasons.

  Selenium Content in Agricultural Products and Its Relationship with Soil Selenium 2018, 34 (7):  96-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100104 Abstract + ( 990 )   Selenium (Se) in plants is an important source of human Se. The analysis of Se content and enrich?ment ability in major agricultural products under different weather patterns and soil conditions has practical value for the development of selenium-rich agricultural products. The authors analyzed the Se content of soil and agricultural products in two regions with different Se levels, i.e., Fengcheng in southern China and Boshan in northern China. The results showed that: Se content of agricultural products in Fengcheng tended to be high?er than that in Boshan, which could be attributed to the higher soil Se content in Fengcheng; but the relation?ships between Se content of products and soil Se were not always significantly positive among various kinds of crops; the Se content of agricultural products in the two regions showed to be Chinese chive>pakchoi and dai?kon>maize, wheat and rice>peanut and soybean>chili and sweetpotato. Se enrichment factor of agricultural products exhibited to be higher in neutral and alkaline soils than in acidic soils. Crop species and background soil Se level should be fully considered in the process of regional Se-rich agriculture development.

  Spring Maize in Jilin: Characteristics of Chilling Injury Under Climate Change 2018, 34 (7):  104-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020106 Abstract + ( 736 )   To study the spatial and temporal characteristics of chilling injury of spring maize in past 55 years and future 35 years in Jilin, the authors analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of chilling injury of spring maize in Jilin from 1961 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2050 under 2 future climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), based on the chilling injury index and calculation method by the regulation of the Technical Specification for Chilling Injury Assessment to Spring Maize in Northern China. The results showed that: (1) the sum of the monthly average temperature from May to September from 1961 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2050 under 2 scenarios increased gradually, while that under RCP8.5 scenario was higher than that under RCP4.5 scenario; (2) the occurrence frequency of moderate chilling injury was higher in western and central Jilin from 1961 to 2015, and the occurrence frequency of serious chilling injury was higher in eastern Jilin; (3) the chilling injury was mainly occurred in eastern region under RCP4.5 scenario and RCP8.5 scenario, while the occurrence frequency of chilling injury under RCP4.5 scenario was higher than that under RCP8.5 scenario; (4) the range of influenced by chilling injury was mainly large range before 1996, and was local range after 1996; it was mainly regional range under RCP4.5 scenario and the local range under RCP8.5 scenario. The spatial and temporal characteristics of chilling injury of spring maize under the background of climate change can provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation of agricultural production in Jilin.

  Last Frost Index of Seed-calabash in Hetao Irrigation District 2018, 34 (7):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020110 Abstract + ( 624 )   The paper aims to better develop the meteorological service for last frost on seed-calabash, the authors chose seed-calabash variety‘Fengchan No.1’as material, simulated the natural frost cooling process by using the MSX-2F artificial frost box system, and detected the frostbite and death statistics by measuring leaf temperature with the thermocouple probe. Combining the changes in fluorescence, the authors preliminarily established the meteorological index of last frost of seed-calabash. The results showed that: (1) the minimum temperature for seed-calabash seedlings’freeze to death was ≤-4℃; (2) the freezing point of seed-calabash was in the range of -0.2℃- -2.8℃, the super cooling point concentrated in the range of - 1.5℃- -4.5℃; (3) the seed-calabash with relatively large seedling age had a stronger cold-resistance; (4) the land surface temperature index of light frost and heavy frost on seed-calabash seedlings was -1℃ and -3℃, respectively.

  Climatic Quality Standard of Navel Orange in Southern Jiangxi 2018, 34 (7):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030015 Abstract + ( 735 )   The paper aims to establish the evaluation method and classification standard of climatic quality, which provides a scientific basis for the evaluation of navel orange in the southern Jiangxi. With the sampling quality formation of the navel orange in the southern Jiangxi and the meteorological observation data, the effects of different climatic conditions on the navel orange quality were analyzed. The results showed that: the relative humidity and total precipitation from midsummer to early autumn showed a significant negative correlation with the soluble solids of the navel orange in the southern Jiangxi; the average temperature in the same period was positively correlated with the soluble solids content of navel orange, and negatively correlated with the content of acid; the positive correlation between air temperature and soluble solids content, negative correlation with acid content and positive correlation with the ratio of solid to acid were more significant in mature stage. Therefore, by constructing the comprehensive quality evaluation index of the navel orange in the southern Jiangxi, with total precipitation from July to October, the average temperature from September to November and the average relative humidity from mid October to mid November, the mathematical evaluation model of climatic quality of the navel orange in the southern Jiangxi is established, that determines the climatic quality level of navel orange.

  Agro-meteorological Drought Disaster: Risk Zoning in Bazhong Based on GIS 2018, 34 (7):  124-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120072 Abstract + ( 645 )   The paper aims to improve risk management and decision- making level of arid meteorological disaster, and reduce the loss caused by disasters. Based on the meteorological observation data and historical drought disaster data of Bazhong and its surrounding cities and counties during l981-20l5, and according to drought period, the drought disasters were divided into spring drought, summer drought, midsummer drought, autumn and winter drought. Based on GIS, the authors utilized the meteorological, social and natural data, disaster prevention and mitigation data, as well as 1:50000 geographic information data, to map the drought disaster risk zoning map in Bazhong by using the natural disaster risk assessment, risk index method, GIS natural breakpoint method, and weighted comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that: the risk of agro- meteorological drought in Bazhong had a decreasing trend from the north to the south, and high altitude, small density of river network and low economic development level were the main reasons of higher risk.

  Meteorological Factors and Shallow Soil Moisture of Different Textures in Sichuan: Correlation Analysis 2018, 34 (7):  134-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070051 Abstract + ( 629 )   In order to further predict and quantitatively evaluate the impact of meteorological factors on soil moisture in different soil textures of crops area in Sichuan. Based on the soil moisture and meteorological data, the authors discussed the effect of 5 meteorological factors on shallow soil moisture (10 cm) of 10 different textures with grey correlation analysis. The results showed that: the grey correlation order of different meteorological factors was different, and wind speed and humidity had relatively great influence on shallow soil moisture; under the no rainfall weather condition, humidity and wind speed had great influence on sandy soil and loam soil, while temperature and ground temperature had little influence on sandy soil, and sunshine had the least influence on loam; humidity had the greatest influence on clay, with the least influence of temperature, followed by ground temperature; under rainfall weather condition, humidity and wind speed had great influence on sandy soil, and the effect of temperature and sunshine duration on sandy soil were less; different meteorological factors had different effects on loam soil, but only sunshine duration was relatively stable; the influence of temperature and sunshine duration on clay was relatively big, with less ground temperature. Therefore, according to the different textures and weather conditions, finding out the main factors and the degree of influence to better grasp the rules of soil moisture change, effectively and rationally use the soil water resources.

  Vegetation Change and Its Correlation with Climatic Factors in Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River and Lhasa River Region of Tibet 2018, 34 (7):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090138 Abstract + ( 695 )   Based on the MODIS standard vegetation index products (NDVI ) and the average temperature and precipitation data of 9 meteorological sites in the study area from 2000 to 2016, the authors adopted the methods of Slope trend analysis and correlation analysis by using the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyangqu River and Lhasa River region (the YNL River region) of Tibet as a case, to analyze the characteristics of vegetation change and its main climatic driving factors, which could provide scientific data support for ecological protection, restoration and afforestation in this area. The results showed that: (1) since 2000, theNDVI in the YNL River region of Tibet decreased with fluctuation, among which the vegetation along the river valley increased; (2) the trend of climate change in the study area was becoming warmer and drier; (3) at different time scales, the correlation of vegetation variation with average temperature and precipitation was significant, the annual maximumNDVI was positively correlated with annual total precipitation, and negatively correlated with annual mean temperature; on the monthly scale: the maximum monthly NDVI showed a significant positive correlation with the monthly average temperature and the total monthly precipitation, and the correlation coefficient with precipitation was obviously higher than that with the temperature. Therefore, precipitation is the main factor affecting vegetation changes in the YNL River region of Tibet.

  Pathotype and Its Population Structure of Cochliobolus heterostrophus in Fujian Province 2018, 34 (7):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030023 Abstract + ( 625 )   To know the pathotype and population structure of Cochliobolus heterostrophus in Fujian Province, 247 C. heterostrophus isolates, collected from seven regions in Fujian Province during 2014-2015, were used to study the lesion types of leaves of‘C103T’,‘C103C’,‘C103S’and‘C103’with different cytoplasm, using the method of measuring lesion length. The results showed that all the tested isolates could cause disease incidence in four corn varieties, with the average value of lesion length as 1.15-5.40 mm, 1.06-4.70 mm, 1.09- 4.84 mm and 1.15-5.21 mm, respectively. According to their length, the lesions were divided into I and II type, and the frequency of the tested isolates in the two lesion types was 80.26% and 19.74%, respectively. Base on the lesion type of each isolate on the four corn varieties in order, the tested isolates were divided into 15 pathotypes, the pathotype of CHP15 (lesion type of“I-I-I-I”) and CHP11 (lesion type of“II-I-I-I”) was dominant type and sub-dominant type, respectively. The percentage of dominant and sub-dominant type was 57.49% and 9.72%, respectively. The composition of pathotypes and frequencies of the tested isolates from different locations exhibited abundant diversity. In addition, among the 235 isolates from O races, 14 pathotypes were observed. There was significant pathogenicity differentiation among these isolates.

  Stress of Pendimethalin on Oat and Oat Plant Repair Under Stress 申建芳,,,, and 2018, 34 (7):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020124 Abstract + ( 921 )   To study the response of different oat varieties to pendimethalin of different concentrations, the root tip was treated by different concentrations of pendimethalin, then the condition of mitosis was observed; 6 oat varieties were planted in field to study the effect of pendimethalin on oat growth; at last, the antioxidase activity was detected. The results showed that chromosome would agglutinate, move slowly, reduplicate or have binucleated cell. When the concentration of pendimethalin was higher than 0.01 μg/mL, the percentage of abnormal cells increased rapidly. The pendimethalin of 2250 mL/hm2 had no influence on the plant height of ‘Bayou 6’and‘Bayou 9’, while had negative effect on the plant height of‘Bayou 1’,‘Bayou 3’,‘Baiyan 2’ and‘Bayan 4’, and the yield change among the varieties was different. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes under 1650 and 3000 mL/hm2 pendimethalin treatment was little higher than that of CK. Oat root tip cell fission would be abnormal under pendimethalin treatment, different oat varieties had different sensibilities to pendimethalin. The change of antioxidant enzyme activity in oat plant was of different degrees, and through those changes, oat could reduce the damage of pendimethalin to plant.

  Fusarium Wilt of Sand Watermelon: Medicament Screening 2018, 34 (7):  157-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020114 Abstract + ( 911 )   According to present situation of sand watermelon production, the purpose of this study is to improve plant disease resistance and yield. The authors measured the effect of spraying treatments on growth and physiological indexes of watermelon seedlings by using 4 chemical medicaments (Duoning copper sulfate calcium, Meianqi captan, Aigennuo additives, PCNB). The results showed that: after chemical treatments, Aigennuo additives had the best performance with increasing chlorophyll content, root activity and promoting seedling growth. Based on the effects of nutrition and physiological indexes of watermelon, we made a conclusion that the 4 medicaments were in favor of watermelon seedling cultivation and could effectively reduce the spread of fusarium wilt.

  Rural Public Culture Service Policy: Development Characteristics 2018, 34 (7):  161-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040060 Abstract + ( 604 )   In order to fully understand the development characteristics of rural public culture service policy and promote system construction of contemporary Chinese rural public culture service, the paper presented all the making and implementation of Chinese rural public culture service policy from 1998 to 2015. The results showed that: the rural public culture service policy had the characteristics of attaching importance to the infrastructure construction, the protection of cultural rights and interests, the driving force of cultural projects and the all-covering and equalization. The detailed analysis of the development characteristics of rural public culture service policy is of great significance to improving the construction of rural public culture policy system and to promoting the level of the rural public culture service system.