Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.6 Published:26 February 2018

  Cultivation Methods in Chengdu Basin: Effect on Growth and Development and Yield Formation of Different Rice Types 2018, 34 (6):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010125 Abstract + ( 1210 )   To explore suitable varieties and high yiled cultivation technique for rice direct sowing in Chengdu Basin, a field experiment was conducted with ‘Dexiang 4103’ (indica hybrid rice variety) and ‘Jingnongsimao’(conventional indica rice variety) as materials. Growth period, tiller ear, the dynamics of leaf area, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components of three cultivation methods (direct sowing, machinetransplanted seedling, artificial transplanting) were investigated and determined. The results showed that the differences of yields among cultivation methods were related to varieties. For indica hybrid rice variety, the yield of direct sowing was equal to that of artificial transplanting, they were higher than that of machinetransplanted seedling. For conventional indica rice variety, the yield of direct sowing was the highest, followed by that of machine-transplanted seedling, and that of artificial transplanting was the lowest. In addition, the quantity of direct sowing population developed the fastest, the ear was based on the main stem and low tillering, and the photosynthetic capabilities among varieties had obvious differences after heading. The direct sowing rice had big populations. Direct planting of conventional indica rice variety was beneficial to coordinating the relationship between groups and individuals, and got high yield by more ear number.

  Interaction Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Yield of Super Rice‘Longjing 31’in Cold Region 2018, 34 (6):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020008 Abstract + ( 1000 )   Single factor design and quadratic orthogonal design test were conducted to study the interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizer and density on yield, dry matter and yield components of super rice‘Longjing 31’ in cold region. The results indicated that the yield had a quadratic curve relationship with nitrogen fertilizer and density, at the same time, interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizer and density on yield was significant, and it was easier to achieve the goal of high yield with middle level nitrogen fertilizer and high level density. The experiments obtained the maximum yield (9948.17 kg/hm2) when nitrogen fertilizer was 135.0 kg/hm2 and density was 34.6 points/m2. Dry matter weight in full heading stage was the heaviest with high level nitrogen fertilizer and high level density, but the yield was significantly reduced. It was easier to achieve more panicles with high level nitrogen fertilizer and high level density. It was easier to achieve bigger panicles with middle level nitrogen fertilizer and low level density. There was no interaction relationship between 1000-grain weight and nitrogen fertilizer and density. Therefore, it could build a reasonable population structure to obtain the appropriate dry matter weight in full heading stage with reasonable nitrogen fertilizer and density, in order to play the yield potential of super rice.

  Dry-hot Wind: Occurrence Characteristics and Its Impact on Yield in Winter Wheat Area of Southern Shanxi 李洁,张杜鹃 and 李世平 2018, 34 (6):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030026 Abstract + ( 1221 )   The paper aims to clarify the occurrence characteristics of dry-hot wind and its influence on wheat to adversity stress in the winter wheat area of southern Shanxi. Based on the occurrence days of dry-hot wind data in the 10 days respectively in early, middle and late May and the 10 days in early June and 11-15 of June and the wheat yield data from 1991 to 2016, the authors analyzed the occurrence characteristics and influence of dry-hot wind on local wheat yield by the SPSS software. The results showed that: dry-hot wind occurred frequently and seriously in the winter wheat area of southern Shanxi in different degrees every year at wheat filling stage, and the occurrence days ranged from 2 to 13; at the filling stage, the dry- hot wind had accumulative effect on wheat yield, and especially the dry-hot wind occurred in the early 10 days of June had relatively large effect on wheat yield.

  Effects of Different Concentrations of Humic Acid on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rape Seedlings 2018, 34 (6):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020083 Abstract + ( 1036 )   Hydroponic experiment were done to investigate the effects of humic acid on growth and physiological characteristics of crops at seedling stage, and the tested material is Cao221167.[Method]The experiment set up different concentrations of humic acid(0；1‰；2‰；3‰；4‰；5‰) to study the effects on the biomass, plant height, root characteristics, chlorophyll content, MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activity of rapeseed seedlings.[Result] The results showed: when the humic acid concentration was 1‰,the biomass of rape seedling was significantly affected(The dry weight and fresh weight of the shoots increased by 18% and 12.20% respectively, and the dry weight and fresh weight of the underground increased by 41.67% and 54.70% respectively). Added humic acid could significantly improve the root activity of rapeseed seedlings; when the concentration was 1 ‰,it can significantly promoted the root growth(root length, total root length and root surface area increased by 20.36%, 70.49% and 30.43% respectively compared with the control). In the range of 1 ‰ ~ 5 ‰, with the increased of humic acid concentration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rape cells decreased first and then increased, and the chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased. [Conclusion]So, a certain concentration of humic acid can promote the growth of rape,and 1 ‰ and 2 ‰ concentration of humic acid is the appropriate concentration of rape growth, and when the concentration is 3 ‰ ~ 5 ‰, it inhibits the growth of rape.

  Effect of Mixed Salt-alkaline Stress on Seed Germination of Puccinellia distans and Medicago sativa L. 2018, 34 (6):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050075 Abstract + ( 1071 )   The effects of two saline-alkaloid (NaHCO3, Na2CO3) and their mixed solutions (1:0、2:1、1:1、1:2、1: 1) onPuccinellia distans andMedicago sativa L. seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index, bud length and bud weight were studied by indoor experiments. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and bud length were obviously inhibited by the mixed salinealkaloid solutions, but the effect of mixed saline-alkaloid solutions on bud weight was smaller than that of single saline-alkaloid treatment. The inhibiting effect of NaHCO3 was higher than that of Na2CO3, and when the mixed ratio of the two saline-alkaloid was 1:1, the inhibiting effect was the highest. The mixed saline-alkaloid stress had poor inhibition onPuccinellia distans seed germination, but strong inhibition onMedicago sativa L. seed germination.

  Impacts of NaCl Stress on Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Gossypium barbadense at Seedling Stage 2018, 34 (6):  30-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070148 Abstract + ( 1109 )   The impacts of salt stress on the growth index, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Gossypium barbadense seedlings were studied for providing theoretical evidence on materials breeding, cultivation of salt stress. Two Gossypium barbadense strains, Yuehai 9 (salt tolerance) and PS-7 (salt sensitive) were selected, and germinated in full nutrient solution. 150mM of NaCl was added into solution from germination stage to 3-leaf stage. The response of Gossypium barbadense seedlings to NaCl stress was assessed by measuring the growth index, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that, under continual NaCl stress, the leaf area, root length, stem length, root/stem ratio, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content were reduced and chlorophyll a/b ratio was enhanced in the Yuehai 9 and PS-7. Salt stress increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Y(Ⅱ)), photochemical quenching (qP), relative photosynthetic electron transport rate (rETR), and decreased maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the Yuehai 9. Salt stress reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), maximal quantum yield of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Y(Ⅱ)), photochemical quenching (qP), relative photosynthetic electron transport rate (rETR), and enhanced intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the PS-7.The root/stem ratio in the PS-7 was greater than this in the Yuehai 9, the other indexes in the PS-7 were less than that in the Yuehai 9. Continuing NaCl stress exerted an obviously adverse effect on Gossypium barbadense seedlings growth and biomass accumulation. The strong salt tolerance strain were more tolerant to salt stress than the salt sensitive strain. Under salt stress, the decline of net photosynthetic rate in the PS-7 was restricted by non-stomatal factors, the major reason on the increase of net photosynthetic rate in the Yuehai 9 was the advance of actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ. The growth index, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used as reference indexes on the identification of the salt tolerance of the material.

  Effects of Soil Amendments on Yield, Quality of Honey Pomelo and Soil Properties 2018, 34 (6):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020050 Abstract + ( 691 )   The authors studied the effects of 3- year continuous application of silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer on yield, quality of honey pomelo and soil properties, to understand the reasonable application amount of silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer. The results showed that, with the application of silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer for 3 years, although affected by tree itself and the major and minor year (high yield in 2015), honey pomelo yield was improved at different degrees each year, and the fertilizer had little effect on honey pomelo number and fruit cracking rate. Application of silicon calcium magnesium potassium fertilizer could increase the Vc content and soluble sugar content of honey pomelo to different extents. The total acid content of honey pomelo did not change significantly, but the average total acid decreased. The sugar/acid ratio of honey pomelo did not differ significantly between the treatments and the control. The application of silicon calcium magnesium potassium fertilizer could improve soil pH value, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium content, enhance soil antioxidant ability. In conclusion, considering the cost, the yield and quality of honey pomelo were the best when the application amount of silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer was 750 kg/hm2 .

  Cultivar Characteristics and Culture Technology of Dwarf Banana 2018, 34 (6):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050038 Abstract + ( 724 )   Dwarf banana is a good economic and ornamental tree species, which can be planted in greenhouse in south and north China. Research on cultivars characteristics and culture technology of dwarf banana can offer a knowledge base for its utilization. In the present study, dwarf banana‘Zhongjiao No.12’is used as plant material to study its cultivar characteristics and culture technology. Results showed that‘Zhongjiao No.12’ had a dwarf (85.7-103.3 cm), small and graceful tree structure, with good haracteristics of shorter growth circle (around 10 months), tolerance of Fusarium wilt disease, and moderate yield of 6.0-7.8 kg per plant. Fruit of‘Zhongjiao No.12’had good quality with sweet flavor, which was as good as conventional cultivar ofMusa sp. cavendish‘Baxi’. In conclusion, dwarf banana‘Zhongjiao No.12’has good economic and ornamental value, and may have an application prospect in leisure tourism and ecological agriculture construction, to meet the requirement of developing modern urban agriculture.

  The Taxonomic Key of 63 Herbaceous Peony Cultivars 2018, 34 (6):  51-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020047 Abstract + ( 1438 )   We studied 63 herbaceous peony cultivars and their wild species during 2014-2016. Taking the morphological characteristics of leaf margin and carpel as the main traits of cultivar classification, combining with flower shape and color, we set the classification key of herbaceous peony cultivars, aiming to provide a basis for cultivar identification, application and breeding. We carried out an investigation on morphological characters including the average height and shape of the cultivar, hardness of the stem, the amount of flowers, flower shape, flower color and the carpel hair, stigma and ovary wall color for the cultivar classification. Leaf margin with teeth and carpel hair were used to determine the provenance of the cultivars, and conduct the classification retrieval in combination with the flower shape and color. XTL-850 P stereoscopic microscope was used to observe and picture the leaf margin, carpel, and ovary and stigma color. Color of floral organ was determined by the 6th version of the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart (RHSCC). Results showed that the 63 cultivars and their wild species all had leaf margin with white transparent bone serration, identified as peony (Paeonia lactiflora) cultivars. The cultivars whose carpel was glabrous or pilose were in the subgroup of P. lactiflora or the subgroup of P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa. In conclusion, 26 cultivars were in the subgroup of P. lactiflora, 35 cultivars were in the subgroup of P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa, and 2 cultivars were in the subgroup of cultivars with carpel petaloid. Taking into consideration of the flower shape and color, and stigma and ovary wall shape and color, we prepared a classification retrieval of the cultivars. Herbaceous peony flowering time varied with years and climate in different areas, but the flowering sequence of early, middle and late cultivars were the same. Herbaceous peony cultivars were in the subgroup of P. lactiflora, P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa, and cultivars with carpel petaloid. Carpel characteristic was the key to identify similar cultivars. The classification based on flower shape and color, and stigma and ovary wall shape and color could be a valuable reference for cultivar assortment, landscape application and new cultivar approval of herbaceous peony. Further study should focus on expanding the scale of herbaceous peony cultivars and systematic analysis of Chinese peony cultivars’ provenance.

  Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reducing on Yield and Quality of Tea‘Qiancha 1’ 龙毅,,, and 2018, 34 (6):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080062 Abstract + ( 607 )   To save fertilizer and improve fertilizer efficiency in tea garden, a field test was conducted to study the effects of five fertilization practices on tea yield and quality in tea plant cultivar ‘Qiancha 1’. Five fertilization modes include no fertilizer (CK), base fertilizer (organic-inorganic fertilizer for tea plant)+ topdressing+ broadcast (T1), base fertilizer (organic-inorganic fertilizer for tea plant)+ topdressing+ furrow (T2) (reduce 20.0% chemical fertilizer), base fertilizer (Jinzhengda controlled-release fertilizer+ oil cake)+ topdressing+ furrow (T3) (reduce 35.3% chemical fertilizer), and base fertilizer (ENTEC compound fertilizer+ oil cake)+ topdressing+ furrow (T4) (reduce 36.2% chemical fertilizer). The results showed that the significant differences of yield and quality among CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were observed, and the worst effects were observed in CK. Compared to the T1, the yield of T2, T3 and T4 increased 6.9%, 21.1% and 15.1%, respectively. The correlation analyses indicated that reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer had high negative correlations with yield of spring tea, budding density, weight per 100 buds and caffeine content, moderate negative correlations with tea polyphenols content, while low positive correlations with water extracts and free amino acids content, but low negative correlations with ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids. The results of this study indicate that fertilizer furrow is better than broadcast in tea garden, while the application of novel fertilizer mixed with manure contributes more to saving fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency.

  Application of Trace Element Fertilizer to Ginger in Anqiu: A Preliminary Test 2018, 34 (6):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020063 Abstract + ( 684 )   To study the influence of trace element fertilizer on growth characters and yield of ginger, and explore the optimal fertilization level, the authors carried out a“3414”test (three fertilizer factors, i.e., zinc, boron, and iron, four fertilization levels, fourteen plots) of trace element fertilizer on Anqiu ginger. The results showed that the application of Zn, B, Fe trace element fertilizer had different promoting effects on the growth of ginger, and the yield also increased by 0.5%-15.6%. Through regression equation analysis, the authors found that the optimum fertilizer amount of per hectare of zinc sulfate was 40.1 kg, borax was 25.4 kg and ferrous sulfate was 600.8 kg, and the yield reached 84851 kg/hm2. Under the optimum fertilization, the yield per hectare increased by 5988.5 kg and 7.6%, the output value per hectare increased by RMB 11977, and the input-output ratio was about 1: 27.64, and the economic benefit was the best.

  Effects of Different Fertilization Rates and Planting Densities on Yield of Rheum lhasaense 2018, 34 (6):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020026 Abstract + ( 726 )   To provide high quality medicinal materials for new drug development of Kunming Pharmaceutical Corporation, the authors studied the introduction cultivation of Rheum lhasaense from Tibet and the effects of different fertilization rates and densities on its yield. The L9 (34) orthogonal experiment of fertilization rate and planting density was applied with a total of four tested factors: N, P, K application rate and planting density, each factor had three different levels. The intuitive and variance analysis method were used to analyze the fresh root yield of Rheum lhasaense. The results showed that the effect on yield followed the order of N rate ＞ K rate ＞ planting density＞ P rate, and the effects of N rate, K rate and planting density on yield reached extremely significant level (P ＜0.01). For Rheum lhasaense planting in Lijiang area of Yunnan, the proper fertilization rate was N 450 kg/hm2, P2O5 0 kg/hm2, K2O 450 kg/hm2 and the suitable planting density was 90000 plants/hm2.

  The Spatial-temporal Difference Analysis of Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity in Shaanxi Province 2018, 34 (6):  75-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030095 Abstract + ( 699 )   Based on the resources, environment and socio-economic data of Shaanxi Province, an evaluation index system of resource and environment carrying capacity was established by principal component analysis method. And four principal components of resource supply, environmental quality, socio- economic and infrastructure were extracted. The carrying capacity was divided into five grades that were high carrying capacity, relatively high carrying capacity, moderate carrying capacity, relatively low carrying capacity and low carrying capacity by ArcGIS natural breakpoint classification, then temporal and spatial characteristics of Shaanxi resources and environment carrying capacity were analyzed. The results showed that comprehensive carrying capacity was high in Guanzhong, followed by that in northern Shaanxi and was low in southern Shaanxi. The highest resource supply carrying capacity level was in Guanzhong, followed by that in northern Shaanxi, and the lowest was in southern Shaanxi. For environmental quality carrying capacity level, Weinan and Yulin had high carrying capacity, while Ankang and Shangluo had the lowest carrying capacity. The socio- economic carrying capacity was relatively low in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi, and was high in northern Shaanxi. The carrying capacity of infrastructure was relatively high in Baoji and Xianyang, and it was low in Tongchuan. The spatial distribution of resources and environment carrying capacity of Shaanxi Province was uneven. As a whole, the carrying capacity of each region had a slight increase trend, among which northern Shaanxi had the greatest increase. The changes of resources and environment carrying capacity in Shaanxi were closely related to energy utilization, cultivated land area, industrial waste discharge and per capita GDP. The study can provide a basis for balanced development of regional economy and ecological environment.

  Release Characteristics of A New Slow-release Urea Fertilizer and Its Transformation in Soil 2018, 34 (6):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030019 Abstract + ( 757 )   To explore the nitrogen release and transformation process of a new matrix-based slow-release urea which was produced based on modified organic-inorganic composite materials, laboratory leaching and incubation experiments were conducted to analyze the nitrogen leaching, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen transformation characteristics. Results showed that compared with common urea, matrix-based slow-release urea reduced nitrogen leaching ratio and increased the supply time of available nitrogen. In sand leaching experiment, cumulative nitrogen leaching ratio in common urea treatment reached 98.9% at the 2nd leaching, while that in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment was 62.4%. In soil leaching experiment, leached nitrogen in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment during the 1st-3rd leaching was significantly lower than that in common urea treatment, and thereafter leached nitrogen in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment were generally greater than that in common urea treatment; the cumulative nitrogen leaching amount in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment (144.3 mg N) had no significant difference with that in common urea treatment (146.9 mg N). Ammonia emission peaked at the 3rd day after fertilization in both common urea and matrix-based slow-release urea treatment. However, cumulative ammonia emission in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment was significantly decreased by 41.6% compared with that in common urea treatment. The modified matrix materials had no effect on nitrogen transformation. Matrix-based slow-release urea reduced nitrogen loss from leaching and ammonia emission, and the mechanism is mainly attributed to the mesh structure of functional materials which can adsorb nutrient such as nitrogen.

  Effect of Earthworm Fermentation Liquor on Nutrients and Microorganism in Medlar Soil 2018, 34 (6):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060042 Abstract + ( 684 )   Two years Lycium.barbarum L.‘Ningqi 7’was used as the material and an conventional drip irrigation was used for CK, three fertilization levels (150, 300 and 450 kg/hm2) were designed to study the effect of different fertilization levels on soil nutrients’characteristics and microbial components. The results showed that: the application of earthworm fermentation liquor increased soil organic matter by 37.70%-51.16%; it also increased the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, instant phosphorus and instant potassium, improved the propagation of actinomycetes and fungi, enhanced catalase and urease activity, the highest increasing amount of microbial carbon and nitrogen was 69.37% and 58.38%, respectively, and the yield increased by 9.41%- 34.07% . Among the grey correlation between each trait and yield, the highest was urease, followed by actinomycetes, fungus had the least influence on yield. 300 kg/hm2 earthworm fermentation liquor had the best effect, which could increase organic matter content, improve the release of instant nutrients, increase microorganism growth, reproduction and enzyme activity.

  Spring Frost Disaster of Corn in Baiyin: Refined Risk Assessment 2018, 34 (6):  97-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020069 Abstract + ( 705 )   Based on the indexes of spring frost damage grades of corn, the authors built the statistical relationship between ground temperature and air temperature, and fitted the ground temperature data of township, then carried out the refined risk assessment of spring frost disaster-causing factors of corn in Baiyin. The results showed that: the later the occurrence time of spring frost in Baiyin, the stronger the intensity of frost, and the more serious disaster degree the frost caused to crop; during the study period, there was a significant correlation between ground temperature and air temperature, the temperature of regional station and local station, the high reliability of ground temperature in township was fitted; from the distribution of the whole frost intensity grades, there was always a high value area in northwest Jingtai, because of relatively low altitude and topographic factors, there was a weaker intensity of frost in Baiyin and Jingyuan; from the probability distribution, the higher probability of spring light frost disaster appeared in Huining and Jingtai, the medium frost disaster mainly appeared in Baiyin and Pingchuan, however, the higher probability of heavy frost disaster appeared in Jingyuan; from the risk index, the high risk area of spring frost disaster in Baiyin was mainly in western Jingtai and Baiyin, where the risk index exceeded 0.32; the risk index in north central Huining was relatively low, and was about 0.2 in most of the township.

  Legal Issues of Exotic Species Invasion 2018, 34 (6):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060141 Abstract + ( 831 )   Exotic species invasion has become one of the most serious problems all over the world which causes severe threat to economy, biodiversity and safety of human property and health of all countries. However, legislation evolving this field in China is not perfect enough to prevent exotic species invasion effectively. From the perspective of internationalization, this essay will put forward some suggestions on how to improve the legislation of exotic species invasion in China by analyzing the legislation of the United States and Japan on preventing exotic species invasion.

  Main Blood Physiological Indexes of Chongming White Goat 张德福 and 2018, 34 (6):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020062 Abstract + ( 685 )   In order to provide basic data of Chongming white goat for the usage of experimental animal and clinical diagnosis, we used automatic blood cell analyzer to detect 19 main blood physiological indexes of 185 healthy Chongming white goats at different physiological states. The results showed that among reserve female goats, pregnancy goats, lactating goats, adult female goats, adult male goats, weaning female goats, weaning male goats and nursing goats, eosinophil count (EO) was significantly different (P <0.05), while neutrophil count (NEUT), basophil count (BASO) and basophil percentage (BASO%) were not significantly different (P >0.05). The other 15 indexes in different physiological states goats all showed extremely significant differences (P < 0.01). The results indicate that there are some differences in hematological indexes of hongming white goats with different genders and physiological states.

  Analysis of Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in Infertile Cows 2018, 34 (6):  114-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100043 Abstract + ( 600 )   To investigate the clinical characters of cows’infertility and prevent and cure infertility effectively, the blood physiological and biochemical indexes of cows with infertility, uterus hyperplasia, endometritis or ovarian cyst were measured. Conventional blood indexes and biochemical indexes of diseased cows and healthy cows were tested by automatic blood cell analyzer and Vet Test biochemical analyzer. Results showed that endometritis caused a significant increase of white blood cells (P <0.05); but red blood cell count, hemoglobin content and lymphocytes percentage, monocytes percentage and neutrophils percentage had no significant change in the four cases. Ovarian cyst caused a significant increase of total protein (TP) in blood (P <0.05). There was no significant change in regard to alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) and blood glucose (GLU) in all cases (P >0.05); infertility, endometritis, and ovarian cyst could significantly reduce the concentration of calcium(Ca) in blood (P <0.05); besides, infertility, endometritis, and ovarian cyst could significantly increase the concentration of phosphorus ions (PHOS) in blood and break the balance of calcium and phosphorus (P <0.05); meanwhile, it was found in all groups that blood glucose concentration was lower than normal standard value. Thus, it indicated that the balance of calcium and phosphorus in blood can predict the infertility of cows as an auxiliary index. Additionally, keeping the balance of calcium and phosphorus in blood is one of the effective means to prevent and cure the infertility of cows in the early diagnosis of disease.

  Polymorphism of Ghrelin Gene and Its Genetic Effect on Meat Quality of Coke Pig 2018, 34 (6):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020093 Abstract + ( 531 )   According to the sequence of Ghrelin gene in GenBank, we designed a pair of primers, then cloned the special fragment of the full-length Ghrelin gene including the first and second exons as well as the first intron. The fragment was sequenced, and the correlation of this gene with 12 meat quality indexes of Coke pig was analyzed. The results showed that only one base mutation, G252A, was detected on the first intron, thus the Ghrelin gene presented two genotypes, homozygotic GG and heterozygous GA. Frequency of GG genotype was higher than that of GA genotype, and reached 65.4%. Allele G was the advantage gene, and characterized by low polymorphism.χ 2 test showed this SNP was in Hardy-Weinberg balance (P>0.05). The least square analysis showed that site 252 bp of Ghrelin gene had no significant correlation with meat quality indexes (P>0.05).

  Effects of Low-light Stress on Plant Growth and Physiological Characteristics 2018, 34 (6):  123-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020071 Abstract + ( 781 )   Light is one of the most important factors influencing plants growth and development, while the illumination shortage and the low-light adversity in greenhouse are always caused by the special restriction conditions, thus the low- light stress has become a hot research spot in cultivation field. The authors summarized some characteristics, such as vegetation growth, photosynthetic traits, physiological and biochemical responses to adversity and concluded the relationships between the indicators and output under the low-light stress. Scientific research and production in recent years showed that: the chloroplast structure, enzymatic activity, osmotic adjustment and endogenous hormones were the key elements for adapting to lowlight hardiness. During that period, researches on multiple low-light proof mechanism achieved breakthrough progress. However, there was still no systemic elaboration on the differences of period, region and varieties. So we should make further exploration about plants’growth regulations, especially on other stresses under lowlight, gene expression and regulation of low- light stress in order to provide reference for improving the resistance of varieties and screening more low-light resistant varieties.

  Establishment of Droplet Digital PCR Quantitative Detection Method of Transgenic Rice Strain‘Bt Shanyou 63’ 2018, 34 (6):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030012 Abstract + ( 841 )   In order to improve the quantitative detection efficiency of transgenic rice, to promote the implement of transgenic food quantitative identification system, droplet digital PCR quantitative detection method of transgenic rice ‘Bt shanyou 63’ was studied in this paper. Based on the exogenous inserting sequence of transgenic rice ‘Bt shanyou 63’ and the rice sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene, high efficiency primers and probes were selected, designed，and synthesized to amplify the endogenous gene and the strain specific sequence of ‘Bt shanyou 63’ with droplet digital PCR. The result of primers and probes optimizing experiment demonstrated that SPS60-F/R/P and ‘Bt shanyou 63’- F/R/P was suitable for dual channel ddPCR method to quantify transgenic rice ‘Bt shanyou 63’. The accuracy experiment showed that the measured value is similar to the standard value, the biases between the standard value and the measured value of 4 standard samples were 0.03, 0.15, 0.15 and 0.03. The SDs of measured value were 0.08-0.48, the RSDs were among 4.86% and 15.10%, less than the requirement of European Union, indicating that the accuracy was good. The established detection system of droplet ddPCR method for transgenic rice line ‘Bt 63’ quantification is simple, with high efficiency and accuracy, and can be used for quantitative analysis of transgenic rice line ‘Bt 63’ in agricultural products and foods.

  Identifying Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Types of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) by Molecular Markers 2018, 34 (6):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020079 Abstract + ( 742 )   Different sterile cytoplasm types of nine cabbage cytoplasmic male sterile materials were identified by molecular marker in the study in order to better use molecular marker to conduct the assisted breeding in the future. Genomic DNA was isolated from Chinese cabbage by CTAB method. The design of two pairs of specific primers was performed on conserved flanking region of orf138 gene in the GenBank. PCR were performed with genomic DNA of nine Chinese cabbage materials. The bands were sequenced. The homologous comparison was conducted in NCBI, and finally, the type of sterile cytoplasm was determined. The results showed that the bands were amplified only in four Chinese cabbage male sterile materials with two pairs of specific primers PI/PII and PIII/PIV, while the other five materials did not obtain the relative bands. The result was consistent with the field sterility identification. And then four molecular markers of Chinese cabbage Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were obtained. After conducting a homologous comparative analysis with BLAST in GenBank, it was found that the homologous degree was 100% in specific segments of the three sterility materials (L1-CI, L3-CI and L3- F1) and Oguorf138 gene (GenBank accession No.: HQ149728) of the reported broccoli Ogu CMS. The homologous degree of L1-F1 was 99% with a variation point. The type of cytoplasmic male sterility of the other five materials needed further research. Four materials of the nine were identified as the radish cytoplasmic male sterility materials and four molecular markers were obtained.

  Physicochemical Properties and Starch Characteristics of Adzuki Beans 2018, 34 (6):  143-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050120 Abstract + ( 647 )   This study aims at selecting high quality adzuki bean by comparing the physicochemical properties and starch Characteristics of different varieties. In the experiment, seven varieties of adzuki bean from different origins were used as test materials. Their physicochemical properties were tested, including bean grain water content, hundred grain weight, amylose, rate of bean paste production. The starch was extracted by wet method, and the basic properties (water content, fat, ash content, particle size, particle morphology and viscosity) were determined. The results showed that: the physicochemical properties of seven varieties of adzuki bean had significant differences, the moisture content was 10.27%-16.35%, hundred grains weight was 7.02-14.45 g, amylose content was 28.30%-35.43% and bean paste rate was 60.40%-67.85%. Sample No.5 had all the highest value of physicochemical properties. Starch characteristics of the seven varieties of adzuki bean had significant differences, ash content was 0.05%-0.43%, moisture was 8.85%-9.64%, fat content was 0.04- 0.13 g/100 g, and partical size was 549.32-1460.40 nm. The peak viscosity was 2459.50-4121.00 cp, final viscosity was 4054.50-4765.50 cp, falling value was 178.50-1257.50 cp, breakdown and setback of sample No.5 was the highest, 2201.50±13.435 cp. Moisture content, hundred grain weight, amylose content and bean paste rate were the main factors affecting the quality of adzuki bean. Starch grain size, morphology and viscosity can be used as the basis for evaluating processing quality. This study screens out that sample No.5 ‘tianjin red’adzuki bean has better processing quality than the other six varieties.

  Cereals Industry: Present Situation and Development Countermeasures in Heilongjiang 2018, 34 (6):  149-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020064 Abstract + ( 672 )   Cereals have a pivotal position in future sustainable development of agriculture in China. This study reviewed the research achievements on cereals in Heilongjiang in recent years based on the status of cereals in agriculture, and summarized the cultivation characteristics of coarse cereals, expounded the cereals processing status quo and introduced the cereal import and export trade. At last, we discussed the research direction, development trend and corresponding countermeasures of cereals industry, and provided rationalization suggestions for the future development of the industry.

  Rural Labor Force Migration in Muchuan and Anyue: Comparison Between Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin and Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin 2018, 34 (6):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020100 Abstract + ( 645 )   Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin and Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin are two main places of outflow of rural labor forces in Sichuan Province. Muchuan County and Anyue County are respectively taken as the samples of the two areas. A stratified probability sampling method proportional to population size (PPS) is adopted to construct a three-tier stratified list of communities at township (first-tier), administrative village (second-tier), and villagers group (third-tier) scales, in order to select the communities to be included in the survey in each county. Households are sampled at interval in every villagers group. According to the criterion: 3 townships are selected from each selected county, 3 administrative villages are selected from each selected township, more than 5 villagers groups are selected from each selected administrative village, 813 households are extracted for the questionnaire survey about rural labor force and its migration in this way. These households are scattered at 6 townships, 27 administrative villages, and 101 villagers groups. Comparison of rural labor forces and their migrant between Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin and Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin is explored by carrying out questionnaire survey and comprehensive analysis. The results shows as the following: (1) Migrant of rural surplus labor forces is still the main method for allocation of regional rural labor forces distributed in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin (Anyue County) and Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin (Muchuan County). But rural labor force transfer intensity and pressure of the former is much greater than that of the latter. (2) Comprehensively influenced by location, resources and environment, the structure of agriculture and non-agricultural industries and other factors, rural labor force of Anyue County mainly flows to the outside of Sichuan Province. And migrant intensity, proportion of women ratio, social problems brought by the migrant in Anyue County is more prominent than that of Muchuan County in where surplus labor force mainly flows in Sichuan Province. (3) At the scale of township, in Anyue County where resources and environment is relatively consistent, migrant of rural labor force is mainly affected by social and economic factors. Among townships in Anyue County, there is a positive change in relationship between external contact convenience and social economic of townships and characteristics of migrant rural labor forces that includes proportion of migrated households, education and female proportion of migrated labor force, proportion of flowing outside Sichuan Province, the employment proportion of third industry, degree of dispersion in employment and so on. But migrant of rural labor forces at the scale of township is affected by both resource environment and social and economic conditions in Muchuan County, where differentiation of resource environment and social and economic conditions is complex. Migrated rural labor forces and migrant densities among townships in Muchuan County are complicated. However, there is small difference of region of labor flow and area of employment among townships in the county, and it is positive correlated with intensity of migrant that social problems are caused by the migrant of rural labor forces. (4) In the future, difficulty and questions of migrant of rural labor forces in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin in where Anyue County is located should be recognized and pay attention to. Meanwhile, in the light of differentiation reality of physical environment and social economy, migrant and rational allocation of rural labor should be promoted at county level and town level scales. Regional migrant should be combined with situ conversion of rural labor forces in Anyue County, and it should be concentrated on to improve infrastructure and then to promote migrant of rural labor forces in backward villages and towns. In contrast, migrant of rural labor forces in Muchuan County should be gradually transformed into situ conversion, and it should be concentrated on to explore situ transformation of rural labor forces in qualified villages and towns. Regional industrial transformation and migrant of rural labor forces should be effectively linked in the two counties.