Abstract: Based on the resources, environment and socio-economic data of Shaanxi Province, an evaluation index system of resource and environment carrying capacity was established by principal component analysis method. And four principal components of resource supply, environmental quality, socio- economic and infrastructure were extracted. The carrying capacity was divided into five grades that were high carrying capacity, relatively high carrying capacity, moderate carrying capacity, relatively low carrying capacity and low carrying capacity by ArcGIS natural breakpoint classification, then temporal and spatial characteristics of Shaanxi resources and environment carrying capacity were analyzed. The results showed that comprehensive carrying capacity was high in Guanzhong, followed by that in northern Shaanxi and was low in southern Shaanxi. The highest resource supply carrying capacity level was in Guanzhong, followed by that in northern Shaanxi, and the lowest was in southern Shaanxi. For environmental quality carrying capacity level, Weinan and Yulin had high carrying capacity, while Ankang and Shangluo had the lowest carrying capacity. The socio- economic carrying capacity was relatively low in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi, and was high in northern Shaanxi. The carrying capacity of infrastructure was relatively high in Baoji and Xianyang, and it was low in Tongchuan. The spatial distribution of resources and environment carrying capacity of Shaanxi Province was uneven. As a whole, the carrying capacity of each region had a slight increase trend, among which northern Shaanxi had the greatest increase. The changes of resources and environment carrying capacity in Shaanxi were closely related to energy utilization, cultivated land area, industrial waste discharge and per capita GDP. The study can provide a basis for balanced development of regional economy and ecological environment.