Abstract: Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin and Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin are two main places of outflow of rural labor forces in Sichuan Province. Muchuan County and Anyue County are respectively taken as the samples of the two areas. A stratified probability sampling method proportional to population size (PPS) is adopted to construct a three-tier stratified list of communities at township (first-tier), administrative village (second-tier), and villagers group (third-tier) scales, in order to select the communities to be included in the survey in each county. Households are sampled at interval in every villagers group. According to the criterion: 3 townships are selected from each selected county, 3 administrative villages are selected from each selected township, more than 5 villagers groups are selected from each selected administrative village, 813 households are extracted for the questionnaire survey about rural labor force and its migration in this way. These households are scattered at 6 townships, 27 administrative villages, and 101 villagers groups. Comparison of rural labor forces and their migrant between Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin and Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin is explored by carrying out questionnaire survey and comprehensive analysis. The results shows as the following: (1) Migrant of rural surplus labor forces is still the main method for allocation of regional rural labor forces distributed in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin (Anyue County) and Mountainous Area at Verge of Sichuan Basin (Muchuan County). But rural labor force transfer intensity and pressure of the former is much greater than that of the latter. (2) Comprehensively influenced by location, resources and environment, the structure of agriculture and non-agricultural industries and other factors, rural labor force of Anyue County mainly flows to the outside of Sichuan Province. And migrant intensity, proportion of women ratio, social problems brought by the migrant in Anyue County is more prominent than that of Muchuan County in where surplus labor force mainly flows in Sichuan Province. (3) At the scale of township, in Anyue County where resources and environment is relatively consistent, migrant of rural labor force is mainly affected by social and economic factors. Among townships in Anyue County, there is a positive change in relationship between external contact convenience and social economic of townships and characteristics of migrant rural labor forces that includes proportion of migrated households, education and female proportion of migrated labor force, proportion of flowing outside Sichuan Province, the employment proportion of third industry, degree of dispersion in employment and so on. But migrant of rural labor forces at the scale of township is affected by both resource environment and social and economic conditions in Muchuan County, where differentiation of resource environment and social and economic conditions is complex. Migrated rural labor forces and migrant densities among townships in Muchuan County are complicated. However, there is small difference of region of labor flow and area of employment among townships in the county, and it is positive correlated with intensity of migrant that social problems are caused by the migrant of rural labor forces. (4) In the future, difficulty and questions of migrant of rural labor forces in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin in where Anyue County is located should be recognized and pay attention to. Meanwhile, in the light of differentiation reality of physical environment and social economy, migrant and rational allocation of rural labor should be promoted at county level and town level scales. Regional migrant should be combined with situ conversion of rural labor forces in Anyue County, and it should be concentrated on to improve infrastructure and then to promote migrant of rural labor forces in backward villages and towns. In contrast, migrant of rural labor forces in Muchuan County should be gradually transformed into situ conversion, and it should be concentrated on to explore situ transformation of rural labor forces in qualified villages and towns. Regional industrial transformation and migrant of rural labor forces should be effectively linked in the two counties.