Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.5 Published:26 February 2018

  Root-shoot Interaction Mechanism of High Yield and High Efficiency in Rice: Research Progress 王康平,,,刘海浪 and 2018, 34 (5):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050006 Abstract + ( 1041 )   To fully understand the process and biological mechanism of high yield and high water and nutrient use efficiencies in rice, and shape the canopy and roots of high yield and high efficiency in rice, this article concludes the root morphological and physiological characteristics of high yield and high efficiency in rice, summarizes population quality, matter production characteristics and leaf photosynthesis characteristics of high yield and high efficiency in rice, and analyzes the methods and indicators of root-shoot interaction of high yield and high efficiency in rice. Aiming at the problem of lower water and nutrient use efficiency, this article puts forward the cooperative achievement of high yield and high efficiency in rice through coordinating the mechanism of root- shoot interaction, and looks forward to future research on the root- shoot interaction mechanism of high yield and high efficiency in rice.

  Association Analysis of Seed Storability of Japanica Cultivars with SSR Markers 2018, 34 (5):  5-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020119 Abstract + ( 951 )   The purpose of this study is to explore elite alleles associated with seed storability from Japanica cultivars and typical carrier genotypes of these alleles. We investigated seed storability index of 100 Japanica cultivars from Taihu Lake area and Heilongjiang Province. 259 SSR markers were used to analyze the genome. The population analysis was conducted with Structure software. The association analysis between SSR markers and seed storability was conducted with general linear model. The phenotypic mean of the material with null allele was as the control, the carrier with elite allelic variation was detected. (1) The seed storability and the genetic diversity of Taihu Lake area Japanica cultivars were higher than that of Heilongjiang Province. (2) There were 71 SSR markers associated with the seed storability at all. Seventeen SSR markers associated with seedling height were detected, RM6811 had the maximum contribution rate (50.54% ). The biggest allelic variation of the increasing phenotypic effect was RM5753-215, the carrier variety was‘Taijing16haoxuanzi’. Twenty-six SSR markers associated with root length were detected, RM5753 had the biggest contribution rate (49.3%), the biggest allelic variation of the increasing phenotypic effect was RM5753-207, the carrier variety was‘Kendao2hao’. Twenty- eight SSR markers associated with dry weight were detected, RM5340 and RM24481 had the biggest contribution rate (50.49% and 50.51%, respectively), the biggest allelic variation of the increasing phenotypic effect was RM180-101, the carrier variety was‘Lianjing4hao’.

  K Uptake in Rice Under Substitution of Potassium Chloride by Insoluble Potassium Mineral Developed Products 2018, 34 (5):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010044 Abstract + ( 934 )   A two-season located field experiment was conducted to study the effects of products developed from insoluble potassium mineral: granular silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer (Granular fertilizer) and microporous mineral fertilizer (Microporous fertilizer) substitute for potassium chloride on yield, economic efficiency and K absorption and utilization of late rice and early rice in the southern rice region. Effects of the products developed from insoluble potassium mineral on rice yield, economic efficiency and K absorption and utilization were analyzed through application of granular silicon-calcium-potassium fertilizer and microporous mineral fertilizer compared with application of potassium chloride and application of no potassium. The results showed that application of potassium chloride and the products developed from insoluble potassium mineral increased the yield of late rice by 377.2-715.0 kg/hm2 and increased the income of late rice by 568-1616 yuan/hm2. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride (except for the 100% granular fertilizer treatment) increased the output/input ratio of late rice. Application of potassium chloride and the 100% products developed from insoluble potassium mineral increased the yield of early rice by 383.1-1339.6 kg/hm2 and increased the income of early rice by 584-3107 yuan/hm2. Application of 50% products developed from insoluble potassium mineral decreased the yield of early rice by 16.5 kg/hm2 and 122.9 kg/hm2. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride decreased the output/input ratio of early rice. Application of potassium chloride and the products developed from insoluble potassium mineral increased the total amounts of K uptake of late rice and early rice. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride decreased the total amounts of K uptake of late rice and early rice. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride improved the K use efficiency of late rice and early rice. Products developed from insoluble potassium mineral substitute for potassium chloride can meet the needs of late rice growth, but cannot meet the needs of early rice growth. Increasing the application rate of products developed from insoluble potassium mineral or combined application products developed from insoluble potassium mineral with potassium chloride for the early rice planting should be considered.

  Improvement Effects on Relative Traits of‘Yunlun 1’Using Half-Sib Recurrent Selection 2018, 34 (5):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050141 Abstract + ( 1015 )   To obtain excellent breeding groups with high combining ability, we carried out the half-sib recurrent selection using ‘yunlun1’ group. ‘Chang 7-2’was used as testers to cross with the superior individuals selected from the ‘yunlun1’ C4 group, then 20 superior plants were identified and produced the C5 group after mixed pollination by using the same amount of seeds. The results showed that the plant height, ear position and stem rot rate of the improved C5 population were decreased by 4cm, 2cm and 3.5% respectively. There was an extremely significant difference between the single plant among groups for the combination ability, and yield gain was expected to increase by 7.7%. Compared with all the test cross varieties，ear position and stem rot rate of selected test cross varieties were decreased by 0.7cm、6.3%，ear length、kernel number per row 、kernel ratio, stay-green degree increased by 0.1cm、0.6、0.4%、0.3 respectively，but plant height and moisture content increased by 0.3cm and 0.2% respectively, ear width、kernel row number、100-kernel weight remained unchanged .The variation coefficients of each trait were decreased and still below 10% mostly except moisture content and 100-kernel weight. Expanding the groups、increasing number of tester、integrating new germplasms, as well as strictly controlling plant height, ear position and growth period upon individual selection shoud be considered during further improvement.

  Effects of Tea Polyphenols and Quercetin on Inflammatory Adipose Cell Signaling Pathways and Inflammatory Factor 2018, 34 (5):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110097 Abstract + ( 970 )   The aim is to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of tea polyphenols (TP), quercetin (Que) and their synergy. The inflammatory of 3T3- L1 adipocyte induced by TNF- α was used as model. Tea polyphenols (50 μg/mL TP), quercetin (50 μg/mL Que), tea polyphenols and quercetin (50μg/mL of Que+TP) were added to the inflammatory of 3T3-L1 adipocytes respectively, the blank group was used as the control group. The gene expressions of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in adipocyte were studied. The effects on the phosphorylation level of AMPK and Sirt1 were also studied using the western blot. The results showed that the TP and Que had significant inhibition on gene expression and inflammatory signaling pathways in the condition of TNF-α stimulation, however, the effect of Que was not as significant as that of TP. In adipocytes, the active substance regulated the expression of IL-12 and iNOS by the AMPK / Sirt1 pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects.

  Differences of Degradation Products of Plastid Pigment in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves in Different Odor Type Tobacco-producing Areas 2018, 34 (5):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020041 Abstract + ( 782 )   To determine the variation of plastid pigment degradation products in flue-cured tobacco cultivars in different production areas, the plastid degradation products in the 9th-12th tobacco leaves were analyzed by GC/MS with‘K326’,‘Yunyan 87’and‘Xiangyan 3’planted in typical flavor, middle flavor and fragrant tobacco-producing areas, respectively. The results showed that most plastid degradation products detected in tobacco leaves were significantly different among the three cultivars, and the degradation products of lutein and β-carotenoid were higher in‘Yunyan 87’than those in‘K326’and‘Xiangyan 3’. All of the detected plastid pigment degradation products in leaves were significantly different among the three types of tobacco-producing areas, the three aroma components containing megastigmatrienone A, B and D, which were remarkably higher in typical flavor tobacco-producing area than in middle flavor and fragrant tobacco-producing areas, were sequentially decreased from typical flavor obacco- producing area to middle flavor and fragrant tobaccoproducing areas. The difference of plastid pigment degradation products among cultivars and tobacco producing areas reveals the material basis of aroma formation in tobacco leaves from different ecological planting areas, and is important to developing tobacco cultivars with different flavors.

  Effects of Different Concentrations of Bacillus Agents on Starch Degradation and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves 2018, 34 (5):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030002 Abstract + ( 568 )   The paper aims to decrease the starch content and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. B5221 and YTK1 isolated from middle tobacco leaves of‘Yueyan 97’were mixed into microbial preparation with concentration of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10%, which was sprayed on the upper leaves before curing, to study the effects on starch degradation and quality of flue- cured tobacco leaves. The results showed that the chemical composition of the tobacco leaves were changed by B5221 and YTK1 agents, the contents of soluble sugar and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine and total nitrogen to nicotine were increased, but the contents of starch and protein were decreased. At the concentration of 2.5%, microbial preparation had better effect, the starch and protein degradation were more, the sugar content increased the least, the contents of nitrogen and nicotine increased, and the sense organ quality was improved. Therefore, 2.5% microbial preparation of B5221 and YTK1 was suitable for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.

  Hybrid Brassica napus: Correlation Analysis of Main Inflorescence Length and Plant Traits 2018, 34 (5):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040135 Abstract + ( 643 )   The paper aims to study the correlation between of main inflorescence length and plant traits of hybrid Brassica napus, 649 combinations of Brassica napus were used for field experiment, laboratory test and correlation analysis. The results showed that: the average length of the main inflorescence of hybrid Brassica napus was 45.67 cm, the range was 28.00-66.65 cm, and there was few long main inflorescence. The variation coefficient of the length of the main inflorescence was small, the heritability was high, and it was not easy to be affected by the environment and suitable for early generation selection. The main inflorescence length showed significantly positive correlations with plant height (r=0.8262), main inflorescence pod (r=0.7804), pods per plant (r=0.7466), first branch number (r=0.4680), main inflorescence pod length (r=0.3164) and seeds pod (r= 0.2322), and had no significantly positive correlation with effective branch position and 1000-grain weight. The yield per plant showed significantly positive correlations with pods per plant, main inflorescence pod, main inflorescence length, plant height and first branch number. The main inflorescence pod length showed significantly positive correlations with seeds pod and 1000-grain weight. Using the correlation analysis, it could be seen that the selection of long main inflorescence material could effectively improve the plant height, main inflorescence pod, pods per plant, first branch number, main inflorescence pod length and seeds pod, so as to achieve the purpose of raising rape production. Considering current rapeseed production requirements of direct seeding or mechanical sowing with high density, materials of long main inflorescence length, more main inflorescence pod number, longer pod, and high yield per plant should be bred.

  Panax japonicus var. major: Shading Affecting Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics 2018, 34 (5):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040093 Abstract + ( 588 )   The paper aims to study the effects of shading on growth and development and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Panax japonicus var. major. The authors investigated the botanical characters, physiological index and photosynthetic characteristics under different shading treatments (0%, 30% and 50%) when Panax japonicus var. major grew about 90 days. The results showed that: compared with control, the stem length, stem diameter, fruit number, rhizome diameter, content of chlorophyll, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under 30% shading treatment, and the internode length of underground stem and malondialdehyde (MDA) content declined; the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) under shading treatments were lower than that of the control, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was higher than that of the control. Shading treatments effectively alleviate midday depression and reduce the photoinhibition of Panax japonicus var. major, thereinto, 30% shading treatment is the most effective, which provides a suitable environment for the growth of Panax japonicus var. major.

  Exogenous Carbon and Nitrogen: Effects on Plant Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristics 2018, 34 (5):  54-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010064 Abstract + ( 641 )   To understand the influence of rising global CO2 concentration and anthropogenic N deposition on plant nutrients, the authors analyzed the domestic and foreign literatures on the response of the carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content of forest plants and their ecological stoichiometric ratios to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and N addition and their interaction. The results showed that: (1) elevated CO2 concentration might increase C uptake and decrease the N content of plants, leading to an increase of the ratio of C:N in most of the experiments, and there was no accurate conclusion on P content, so the ratios of N:P were various in different experiments; (2) anthropogenic N deposition in short term might increase carbon stocks and the N content, but decrease the P content of plants, and there was a higher ratio of N:P but a lower ratio of C:N compared with the control group; (3) under the interactive effects of rising CO2 and N deposition, the N, P content and the ratio of N:P always showed a“neutralization effect”, the results showed rising, decreasing or invariable trend in different experiments. CO2 and atmospheric N deposition increased in recent years have showed a more and more obvious trend, and their effects on the ecosystem structure and function also gradually become ecologists’research hotspot at home and abroad. This paper can provide references for further study on the ecosystem structure and function and the ecological stoichiometry characteristics under the rising of exogenous C and N, and put forward countermeasures for plant growth under the background of CO2 enhancement and N deposition.

  Application of Plant Allelopathy in Agro-ecosystems 程云湘 and 2018, 34 (5):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010121 Abstract + ( 655 )   To find out the role and application of plant allelopathy in agroecosystem, current research achievements in plant allelopathy field, allelopathic plant, allelochemicals and their releasing way were reviewed in this paper. The researches on plant allelopathy in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry were also concluded. The results showed that plants with potential allelopathy were found in multi-families, such as Leguminosae, Gramineae, Compositae. More than a dozen of allelochemicals were identified such as terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and so on. Allelochemicals got into the surrounding environment by natural evaporation, fog leaching, root secretion and residue decomposition, and then the allelopathy occurred in the receptor. Different concentrations of allelochemicals had different promoting or inhibiting effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Allelopathy played an important role in crop rotation and intercropping, species selection in mixed forest, reasonable grazing and herbicide. Finally, based on current progress of allelopathy, we pointed out and analyzed the key problems of allelopathy in agroecosystem.

  Topsoil Physical and Chemical Indexes of Continuous Cropping Cotton Field in Xinjiang 2018, 34 (5):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040045 Abstract + ( 709 )   The authors studied the change characters of soil physical and chemical indexes of continuous cropping cotton fields with different yield levels by the methods of field investigation and sampling. The results showed that with the increase of cotton yield, the depth of plough layer and the thickness of plough bottom both increased, but the difference was not significant; soil compaction, bulk density and salt content all appeared decreasing trends, soil compaction of high yield field was significantly lower than that of middle and low yield fields in 10-46 cm soil layer, topsoil bulk density and soil salt content of high yield field were significantly lower than that of medium and low yield fields, but compared with medium and low yield fields, soil clay of high yield field increased, and certain percentage of clay could improve soil water retention. Topsoil organic matter and available nitrogen content of high yield field were higher, which followed the order of high yield field＞ middle yield field＞ low yield field, but no significant difference was found between available phosphorus and available potassium. From the point of yield components, boll number per plant was the main factor that affected production, followed by single boll weight, and lint had no obvious effect.

  Absorbing Cadmium and Lead by Perennial Ryegrass: Under Single Planting and Intercropping with Garlic 2018, 34 (5):  74-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020021 Abstract + ( 857 )   The feasibility and effect of low-enrichment-characteristic crops in promoting hyperaccumulators’ absorbing of heavy metals were studied in order to provide a basis for remediation of agricultural land polluted by heavy metal cadmium and lead. Single planting of perennial ryegrass and its intercropping with garlic were designed in this experiment. The lead and cadmium contents in the aerial parts of perennial ryegrass were determined in different models. Results showed that intercropping with garlic effectively reduced the cadmium absorption by perennial ryegrass, the reduction rate was 23.92% ; while it obviously increased the lead absorption by perennial ryegrass, the increasing rate was 133.15% . The biggest cadmium enrichment coefficient (0.75) of aerial parts appeared under single planting of perennial ryegrass. When intercropping with garlic, the maximum cadmium enrichment coefficient of aerial parts was 0.54. In conclusion, some certain intercropping models can effectively improve heavy metal absorption by hyperaccumulator.

  Diversity of Herbaceous Plants in Changting Waste Mine After Ecological Remediation 2018, 34 (5):  78-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010118 Abstract + ( 608 )   To explain the diversity of herbaceous plants in Changting waste mine after ecological remediation, and provide a scientific basis for vegetation recovery and rebuilding, pig farm biogas slurry irrigation was conducted in waste mine after ecological remediation in Hetian, Changting, sample plots were set to investigate plant species composition and analyze herbaceous diversity. The results showed that in the study area, there were 12 herbal species belonged to 7 families and 12 categories; the diversity indexes (Simpson index, Shannon- Wiener index and Pielou evenness index) increased with the increase of altitude; the diversity indexes of the sunny slope were greater than that of the shady slope; in the same slope aspect, the diversity indexes of the slope with pig farm biogas slurry irrigation were greater than that without irrigation.

  Effect of Postponing N Application on Rice Yield Formation and Nitrogen Runoff Losses from the Field 2018, 34 (5):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010123 Abstract + ( 557 )   Based on the characteristics of the paddy soil nutrient loss were mainly concentrated in the early stage of rice growth in Taihu area. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of postponing N application on rice yield and nitrogen runoff loss. The super rice cultivar of Wuyunjing 29 was field-grown. Four nitrogen application ratios such as basal, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer 5: 2: 3 (O1), 4: 2: 4 (O2), 3: 2: 5 (O3), 2: 2: 6 (O4) were designed, in the amount of nitrogen applied to 300 kg/hm2, with deep basal fertilizer machinery. The result showed that: for the yield components of rice, compared to the conventional nitrogen application (O2), postponing N application (O4) significantly decreased the effective panicles and spikelets number per panicle, but filled grain percentage and 1 000-grain weight showed the opposite trends. Finally O4 treatment of postponing N application declined rice yield a little, but there was no significant difference. There was six times of farmland overland runoff in rice season, and the amount of runoff was 3 567.0 m3/hm2 in this research season. With the increase of the proportion of postponing N application, the total nitrogen runoff loss decreased. The total N loss of O4 treatment was significantly decreased by 12.02% compared with that of O2 treatment. At the same time, postponing N application could decrease the total nitrogen loss rate with overland runoff in the paddy field and nitrogen drift loss rate of rice.

  Multiple Factors Inquiry Summer Precipitation over the Songhua River Basin in 1998 and 2016 2018, 34 (5):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100112 Abstract + ( 699 )   The study aims to analyze the abnormal cause of summer precipitation over the Songhua River Basin in 1998 and 2016 which were all strong El nino attenuation year, and improve the prediction ability of summer precipitation over the Songhua River Basin. Based on the daily precipitation data of 97 stations over the Songhua River Basin and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the authors analyzed the abnormal cause of summer precipitation over the Songhua River Basin in 1998 and 2016 by a variety of physical diagnosis methods such as synthetic analysis, correlation analysis, etc. The results showed that: only the end time and intensity of the strong El nino event could not determine the summer precipitation change, the mid-high latitude circulation and its evolution in the atmosphere should also be considered, such as the intensity and occurred time of the northeast cold vortex and the variation of blocking high in Eurasian circulation. Taking into account the impact of SST and subtropical system, as well as the effect of abnormal variations of the mid-high latitude circulation on the summer precipitation, to diagnose and predict the summer precipitation over the Songhua River Basin from multiple factors could improve the forecast level, thereby, to serve the meteorological disaster prevention and reduction and agricultural production.

  Intensive Management Measures: Effects on Freeze Injury of Phyllostachys praecox 2018, 34 (5):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050027 Abstract + ( 581 )   To explore the effects of intensive management measures on freeze injury of Phyllostachys praecox and provide reference for the sustainable management of Phyllostachys praecox, a freeze injury survey was conducted in Lin’an, Zhejiang in early 2016, 4100 bamboo plants from 41 plots of 41 households of 6 counties were selected for investigation, at the same time, the standing bamboo and management mode of each plot were investigated. The authors calculated the freeze injury index on the basis of investigation results and various groups. The results showed that: the freeze injury index of Lin’an in 2016 was 51% and the differences between different towns were small; moreover, the mulching technique could increase the freeze injury from 42% to 68%, so the mulching operation was unfavorable to prevent the occurrence of frost damage; within the range of 0 to 4000 kg/hm2 of chemical fertilizer application rate, the freeze injury increased with the increase of fertilizer dosage; the freeze injury was no longer increasing when fertilizer application rate was more than 4000 kg/hm2; there was no significant effect of standing bamboo density on the freeze injury index, however, the freeze injury index increased with the increase of age and DBH of standing bamboo; temperature was the direct factor resulting in the freeze injury; however, the Phyllostachys praecox with different management modes responded differently to freeze injury, showing that these management measures affected the frost resistance of Phyllostachys praecox. Further exploring the effect and mechanism of single factor on the frost resistance of Phyllostachys praecox is needed due to the complexity of the management modes. In addition, the current management modes of Phyllostachys praecox should be modified for the sustainable management.

  Wheat Stripe Rust in Hedong of Gansu: Development Cause and Forecasting Technology 2018, 34 (5):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040046 Abstract + ( 684 )   Based on the survey data of 39 samples of winter wheat stripe disease field rate in 8 counties of 5 cities in Hedong of Gansu, the meteorological grade models of incidence area in autumn and spring of wheat stripe rust were established by statistical method. This paper analyzed the development causes of wheat stripe rust in Hedong of Gansu and provided accurate forecasting techniques, so as to provide scientific basis for timely disaster prevention and mitigation in agriculture production and reducing economic losses. The results showed that: the wheat rust over summer was at the 8-day moving average temperature below 24-25℃ in the hottest days of summer, or wheat rust infection drifted from other places with wind, and with the decrease of temperature in autumn and the increase of atmospheric humidity, the suitable temperature and humidity climate caused the wheat rust quickly multiplying and spreading, resulting in the rapid development of local wheat stripe rust; after entering the winter, the rust overwintering was at the 7- day moving average temperature above - 9- -10℃in the coldest days of winter, and the rising temperature and the increasing precipitation in spring caused large area spread of wheat rust and rapid infection to the downstream area. Statistical meteorological grade forecasting model was tested by the back substitution, the accuracy in autumn and spring was 89% and 91%, respectively, the forecasting accuracy was relatively high.

  Effects of nitrogenous fertilization on the population dynamics of rice planthoppers, leafhoppers and predators 2018, 34 (5):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010091 Abstract + ( 564 )   A field trial was carried out to assess the population density and temporal dynamics of density of Sogatella furcifera, Nilaparvata lugens, Laodelphgax striatellus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Deltocephalus dorsalis, Cicadula fasciifrons, Pirata subpiraricus, Gnathonarium gibberum, Ummeliata insecticeps and Crytorrhinus lividipennis by using different nitrogenous levels 0, 90, 150 and 210 kg/hm2. The results showed that: the population densities of the three rice planthoppers in 210 kg/hm2 treatment were significantly higher than those in 0, 90, 150 kg/hm2 treatment; no significant difference of population density of the three rice leafhoppers, and Pirata P. subpiraricus, G. gibberum and U. insecticeps was found among all the treatments; moreover, temporal dynamics of density of rice planthoppers, leafhoppers and their predators were basically consistent in different nitrogenous fertilization levels. The results indicated that high nitrogenous fertilization could significantly increase the population density of rice planthoppers, but had no significant influence on population dynamics of rice leafhoppers and their predators.

  Effects of Four Commonly Used Pesticides on Two Kinds of Arma Hanh 2018, 34 (5):  113-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110038 Abstract + ( 893 )   The authors explored the effects of four pesticides on two kinds of Arma Hanh. The results showed that cypermethrin, phoxim, imidacloprid and cyanide chrysanthemum had strong influence on the two kinds of Arma Hanh (Armachinensis and Picromeruslewisi), after the two kinds of Arma Hanh were released in natural environment, their survival and reproduction were significantly inhibited. Though herbicide pesticide had no direct influence on the two kinds of Arma Hanh, there were some toxic effects on crops in natural environments, so the Arma Hanh could hardly survive. Therefore, to improve the survival and natural reproduction of Arma Hanh in natural environment, we must strengthen the pesticide management, and the concept of green environmental protection, education and guidance, thus to build stable stereoscopic biocontrol system.

  The Morphology Observation of Infection Process for the Pathogen Exobasidium vexans of Tea Blister Blight against Tea Leaf 2018, 34 (5):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020003 Abstract + ( 828 )   To determine the morphological characteristics during infection process for the pathogen of Tea Blister Blight, this should facilitate the disease diagnosis and effective control. This study used the stains of Periodic Acid-Schiff and Toluidine Blue O to analyse the infection process of the pathogen against the tissues and cells in tea leaf. Meanwhile, Trypan blue and Evans blue were used to analyze the cell viability of the tea leaf, and the status of basidiospore and hypha. The histological stain and TEM found that an amount of spore germinated and hypha grown during 2-3th phase, and the nutrient of tea leaf cells was gradually consumed, then the viabilities of the basidiospore and hypha were also decreased, tea leaf cells ultimately tended to die. This study found the morphological characteristics during various infection processes by the methods of the histological stain, and found the influence of cells from the spongy tissue triggered by the pathogen.

  Target Gene Prediction and Expression Vector Construction of mir-1298-5p in Skin Hair Follicles of Liaoning Cashmere Goat 姜怀志 2018, 34 (5):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110144 Abstract + ( 592 )   We aim to explore the regulation of mir-1298-5p in skin hair follicles which were at different development stages, and the potential relationship between mir-1298-5p and its target gene, so as to provide theoretical data for skin hair follicles development. Skin hair follicles from Liaoning cashmere goat were used as materials. Through miRNA isolation and expression, target gene prediction and screen, and construction of 3''UTR expression vector, the target gene of mir- 1298- 5p was predicted, sequencing and knocking down mutation of the target site were conducted. Results showed that 3''UTR of TGF-βR1 presented a binding site of mir- 1298- 5p, and mir- 1298- 5p and TGF- βR1 presented differential expression during different development stages of skin hair follicles. So mir- 1298- 5p might play an important role in periodic development of skin hair follicles. In addition, 3''UTR expression vector of TGF- βR1 was successfully constructed, laying a foundation for the construction of over expression transfection system and functional verification of target gene.

  Ensiled Rice Straw Affecting Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Goat 2018, 34 (5):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010076 Abstract + ( 524 )   The study aims at the effects of different treatments on fermentation of ensiled rice straw and effects of ensiled rice straw on growth performance and blood biochemical indexes of goat. The ensiled rice straw with 2.5 g/t lactic acid bacteria, 600 g/t cellulase, 4% molasses and 200 kg/t water could reduce pH value (P ＜ 0.01), concentrations of butyric acid and propionic acid (P ＜0.05), while increase the contents of dry matter (P ＜0.01), crude protein (P ＜0.05) and water soluble carbohydrate (P ＜0.01). However, the contents of crude fat, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber had the reverse results. The goats were fed with the diets, in which 30%, 60% and 100% roughage was replaced by ensiled rice straw, respectively. The results showed that the final body weight and average daily gain of goats in group of 100% roughage replaced by ensiled rice straw were significantly higher than those of other groups (P ＜0.01), but the feed to gain ratio was the lowest. Average daily feed intake showed no significant difference among the groups. Compared with those in the control group, the alkaline phosphatase concentration (P ＜0.01) and total cholesterol content (P ＜0.05) in serum of goats in group of 60% roughage replaced by ensiled rice straw decreased significantly. In conclusion, the ensiled effect of rice straw mixed with 2.5 g/t lactic acid bacteria, 600 g/t cellulose, 4% molasses, and 200 kg/t water was better. Replacing 100% roughage by ensiled rice straw could improve growth performance of goat, and reduce breeding cost.

  Simulation of Winter Wheat in Shanxi Based on ALMANAC 2018, 34 (5):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020007 Abstract + ( 591 )   The paper aims to accurately monitor the dynamic growth and forecast yield of winter wheat in Shanxi. The authors simulated winter wheat yield with high, medium and low fields in Hongdong of Shanxi by using ALMANAC crop growth model. The parameters such as crop attributes, soil, weather and field management measures were collected, and the parameters were adjusted according to the actual situation. The results showed that: the relative error of simulated yields for winter wheat was - 7.8%-5.7%, while that of simulated leaf area indexes was -12.5%-13.6%, the maximum leaf area index of irrigated land was the max; compared with the background state, the growth period was ahead of time, the leaf area index of water land changed little, that of dry land was much lower; the temperature mainly impacted on the growth period, and the water mainly influenced the leaf area index. The model ALMANAC can preferably simulate the dynamic changes of the yields and leaf area indexes of winter wheat; and the model is able to simulate the leaf area index under different water conditions and the effect of climate change on winter wheat.

  Distillers’Grains-Yeast Culture Affecting Growth Performance and Lysozyme Activity in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) 2018, 34 (5):  139-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040066 Abstract + ( 878 )   The basal feed (feed for polyculture) was respectively replaced by 0% (control), 8%, 10%, 12%, 16% distillers’grains-yeast culture. Through 10 weeks of feeding experiment, the effects of partial distillers’ grains-yeast culture replacement on the growth performance, apparent digestibility and lysozyme activity were determined. The results showed that the distillers’grains-yeast culture replacement significantly affected the growth performance of grass carp, compared with the control. Body weight gain in 12%, 16%, 10% and 8% replacement groups was 14.66% , 12.19% , 9.74% and 6.70% , respectively. Between the control and replacement groups, the average weight gain rate and absolute growth rate were significantly different (P＜ 0.05), but feed conversion ratio, condition factor and viscera index showed no significant differences (P＞0.05). The apparent digestibility of ash in 16% replacement group was significantly lower than that in the control and other replacement groups (P＜0.05); the apparent digestibility of dry matter in 16% and 12% replacement groups were significantly lower than that in the control and other replacement groups (P＜0.05); the apparent digestibility of crude fat, crude protein and total phosphorus did not show significant differences (P＞0.05) between the control and replacement groups. Based on growth performance and apparent digestibility, 12% was the best replacement ratio. In addition, we collected serum and liver samples of grass carp and determined lysozyme activity. The results showed that in liver, lysozyme activity in the control and 8% replacement group was significantly different from that in 10%、12% and 16% replacement groups. In serum, the control showed significant differences in lysozyme activity with 10% , 12% and 16% replacement groups (P＜0.05); 8% replacement group showed significant difference in lysozyme activity with 16% replacement group; and there were no significant differences among other groups (P＞0.05). Distillers’grains-yeast culture replacing basal feed can significantly speed up the growth of grass carp, and the activity of lysozyme in grass carp did not show significant increase and peak.

  Functional Diversity of Aquatic Microbial Community in Tilapia Ponds Under Different Food Intake Conditions 2018, 34 (5):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010041 Abstract + ( 668 )   The difference in functional diversity of aquatic microbial community in tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions was examined in this paper. Biolog method was used to study the utilization of six carbon sources, and the relationship between functional diversity and environmental factors in microbial communities of tilapia aquaculture ponds. The results showed that utilization of both alcohols and amines by microbes in the tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions was significantly different, while the utilization of other carbon sources was basically the same. RDA analysis revealed that NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3-- N were the main environmental factors influencing functional diversity of microbial community in tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions. The results indicate that there are some differences in functional diversity of microbial communities in tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions.

  A New Species Sinocyclocheilus longshanensis sp. nov. from Yunnan 2018, 34 (5):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080066 Abstract + ( 2107 )   This study elaborates a new species in a karst cave near the foot of Longshan Mountain, Xiaoxinzhai Village, Shupi Township, Qiubei County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The new species is a member of Sinocyclocheilus, and named as Sinocyclocheilus longshanensis Li et Wu sp. nov. according to the name of collection region. Morphological observation shows that the new species has 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, trailing edges of the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray is serration; normal eyes; sub-upper mouth; humped back; black-brown round spots distributed on exposed body surface; 59~62 lateral line pores. The new species can be distinguished from Sinocyclocheilus maculayus, which has humped back; black-brown round spots distributed on exposed body surface; 81~88 lateral line pores. The new species can be distinguished from Sinocyclocheilus yangzongensis, which has flat back; golden body color; 71~81 lateral line pores. The new species also can be distinguished from other species of Sinocyclocheilus by having the described combination of morphological characteristics.

  Comparative Advantage of Tropical Fruits in Hainan Based on Comparative Advantage Theory: Empirical Analysis 2018, 34 (5):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050057 Abstract + ( 945 )   The study aims to optimize the regional distribution of tropical fruits in Hainan Province, exert the comparative advantage and enhance the competitiveness of tropical fruit industry. Using related data from 2006 to 2015, we took the comparative advantage index model to estimate 5 kinds of tropical fruits in 18 counties of Hainan Province. The results showed that in different areas and under different climate and soil resources, the 5 kinds of tropical fruits showed different comparative advantages in different counties, there were also differences of advantage tropical fruits in different counties, most counties had only one kind of strong advantage fruit. Using the principle of comparative advantage to allocate the regional resources, it is suggested that in the superiority planting area of mango, banana, litchi, longan and pineapple, the dominant fruit species should be strengthened and the weak advantage fruit species should be upgraded, and with the integration of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd industry to promote the development of tropical fruit industry in Hainan Province.