Abstract: The difference in functional diversity of aquatic microbial community in tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions was examined in this paper. Biolog method was used to study the utilization of six carbon sources, and the relationship between functional diversity and environmental factors in microbial communities of tilapia aquaculture ponds. The results showed that utilization of both alcohols and amines by microbes in the tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions was significantly different, while the utilization of other carbon sources was basically the same. RDA analysis revealed that NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3-- N were the main environmental factors influencing functional diversity of microbial community in tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions. The results indicate that there are some differences in functional diversity of microbial communities in tilapia ponds under different food intake conditions.