Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.4 Published:26 February 2018

  Influence of Soil Fertility on Yield and Agronomic Characters of Wheat Varieties Released 2018, 34 (4):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010061 Abstract + ( 813 )   The aim is to provide guidance for wheat breeding and popularization, as well as rational utilization of germplasm resource. 25 leading wheat varieties of different years in Shandong Province were used as materials to study the evolvement rule of yield under two kinds of soil fertility, and the correlation of agronomic characters and yield was determined. The experimental results showed that, the yields under different soil fertility had the same increasing trend, and high soil fertility had the biggest amplification. Compared with low soil fertility, the amplification of yield under high soil fertility was different in different years, and the amplification in the 1950s and 1960s was -9.02% and -1.80%, respectively. Soil fertility had no significant effects on grains per spike, spike numbers, and yield in the 1950s and 1960s, but showed significant differences on other traits. The interaction between fertility and variety had greater influence on spike numbers. The yield components had positive correlations: spike numbers>thousand kernel weight> grains per spike, and soil fertility had significant effect on ear length and spikelet number. Varieties of earlier years were not suitable for modern agricultural production, and rich soil fertility and suitable variety effectively improved yield in wheat alternation. Higher contribution of soil fertility could promote the coordinated increase of yield components, and help to determine the breeding objects.

  Effect of Wheat Yield and Root Zone Soil Nutrients on Controlled-release Fertilizer’s Different Depth and Location Application 2018, 34 (4):  9-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010099 Abstract + ( 734 )   To screen out the optimum location and depth of controlled-release fertilizers application on wheat, and achieve yield and efficiency increase, the pot and plot orthogonal experiment were carried out by setting the location of fertilizer application at seed side 5 cm and under seed, and the depth of fertilizer application under seed 5 cm and 10 cm. The yield of controlled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm and at seed side 5 cm + under seed 5 cm treatments were higher than the other treatments, which increased by 7.16%- 38.52% . The soil inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents of controlled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm and at seed side 5 cm + under seed 10 cm were significantly (P <0.05) higher than that of the other treatments. The controlled-release fertilizer’s stratified and lateral application could promote the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wheat, and increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of wheat. Controlled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm and at seed side 5 cm + under seed 10 cm had the highest nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, which increased by 35.6% averagely than other treatments. Controlled-release fertilizer application at seed both sides 5 cm and at seed side 5 cm + under seed 10 cm were the two kinds of optimum fertilization methods for high yield and high nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of wheat.

  The Effect of Sowing Date and Sowing Rate on Yield and Quality of Wheat‘Xinong509’in Central Guanzhong 2018, 34 (4):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010019 Abstract + ( 664 )   The aims are to explore the optimum sowing date and sowing rate of winter wheat in central Guanzhong and provide a theoretical basis for high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of winter wheat. In 2015-2016, in central Guanzhong irrigation area, the wheat variety‘Xinong 509’was used as the material, and the two factors quadratic D saturation optimum experiment design was conducted to study the effects of different sowing dates and sowing rates on yield and quality under field condition. The results showed that, when the target yield of‘Xinong 509’was 8250-9750 kg/hm2, the suitable sowing date was October 12th-18th, and the suitable sowing rate was 125.3 -154.0 kg/hm2. The best treatment of the interaction was that, the sowing date was October 12th and the sowing rate was 136.8 kg/hm2, the yield of‘Xinong509’could increase to 9265.5 kg/hm2. Different sowing dates and sowing rates had great effect on the quality o‘f Xinong509’, early sowing date and proper increase of sowing density were beneficial to improve the protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, stability time and hardness.

  Effect of Basal Application of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Inorganic N Tillering Fertilizer Retroposition on Rice Yield and Growth 刘建,魏亚凤, and 2018, 34 (4):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010032 Abstract + ( 722 )   To study the effective substitution of inorganic fertilizer N, rice variety‘Nanjing 5055’was used as material, a plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of basal application of organic fertilizer replacing inorganic N tillering fertilizer retroposition on rice yield and growth. The results showed that without basal application of inorganic N fertilizer or having organic fertilizer replacing inorganic N fertilizer could increase seedling number in peak time, and the peak seedling emergence time would delay. The replacement could decrease leaf basal angle of flag leaves, top second leaf and top third leaf in heading stage, increase the leaf length of top third leaf, and delay the declining rate of chlorophyll content after heading. The treatment could increase yield by increasing productive ear number and thousand seed weight, but it had little effect on agronomic traits, except plant height.

  Physiological Response of Glycine max L. to Cr Stress by FTIR Spectroscopy and Cr Accumulation Characteristics 何昕航 2018, 34 (4):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010053 Abstract + ( 812 )   To provide references for Cr contaminated soil remediation, the authors studied the effect of different Cr6 + concentrations on FTIR spectrogram and determined the subcellular distribution of Cr6 + and its accumulation. The results showed that the accumulation capacity of Cr6 + in plant was positively correlated to Cr6+ concentration. Cr6+ accumulated in leaves was mainly distributed in cell wall (37.14%-63.52%), and was least distributed in the mitochondria and chloroplasts (＜12%). Cr6+ in root first increased then decreased near 1064, 1404, 1635, 2924 and 3417 cm- 1, which might be caused by the increase of organic contents (e.g. carbohydrates and amino acids) responding to the Cr6+ stress. Cr6+ in stems had no obvious change near 1072, 1427, 1643, 2924, 3387 cm- 1． Cr6 + in leaves near 1110, 1396, 1651, 2924, 3433cm- 1 first decreased then increased, indicating that small organic substances containing O- H (carbohydrate) in cotyledons were transported to the roots firstly and then reacted with Cr6+ chelates to reduce the toxicity of Cr6+. These results demonstrate thatG. max L. is suitable for phytoremediation of Cr6+ contaminated soils and has potential value in improvement of soil quality from the aspect of food safety．

  Yield and Economic Benefit of Potato Under Different Planting Patterns in Early Spring 2018, 34 (4):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020001 Abstract + ( 900 )   This study aims to solve the problem of early spring frosts and potato drought disasters, and enhance the yield of potato. Local potato variety named ‘Cooperation 88’ and introduced variety named ‘Qingshu No.9’ was selected as the main crop of this test. 7 kinds of plant models were used in this experiment, there were the model of potato doubling line width ridge- drip irrigation under white film- mulching, the model of potato doubling line width ridge- drip irrigation, the model of potato doubling line width ridge- white film-mulching, the model of potato doubling line width ridge, the model of potato doubling line width ridge- sandwich straw, the model of potato doubling line width ridge- black film- mulching and the model of potato conventional farming. The result showed that: (1) the yield of the model of potato conventional farming to variety ‘Cooperation 88’ was highest (57.18t/ha), and the yield of the model of potato doubling line width ridge- white film-mulching was second (53.76t/ha) and the yield of the model of potato doubling line width ridge- black film- mulching was lowest(33.23t/ha).The yield of the model of potato doubling line width ridge to variety ‘Qingshu No.9’ was highest (64.26t/ha),the yield of and the model of potato doubling line width ridge- drip irrigation under white film-mulching was second(61.14t/ha),and the yield of the model of potato doubling line width ridge- black film-mulching was lowest(40.46t/ha).(2) The yields of 6 kinds of plant models for ‘Qingshu No.9’ have been higher than ‘Cooperation 88’ except the yield of model of potato conventional farming. (3) The net income (‘Cooperation 88’ 63000yuan/ha, ‘Qingshu No.9’ 84500yuan/ha) and input-output ratio (‘Cooperation 88’ 2.95, ‘Qingshu No.9’ 3.58) of the model of potato doubling line width ridge- black film-mulching were lowest. The net income （142700 yuan/ha） and input-output ratio (5.82) of the model of potato conventional farming for ‘Cooperation 88’ were highest, and the net income（158100yuan/ha） and input-output ratio (6.11) of the model of potato doubling line width ridge for ‘Qingshu No.9’ were highest. Therefore, the model of potato conventional farming was the best planting mode to species- ‘Cooperation 88’ potato, and the model of potato doubling line width ridge was the most appropriate planting mode to species- ‘Qingshu No.9’ in this region, and the ‘Qingshu No.9’ potato was a high yield variety under the condition of suitable cultivation methods and management measures in this region. This study helps to provides data support for selection of appropriate planting mode of potato and promotion in early spring.

  Study on Hydrocyanic Acid Content of Seven Cassava CultivarsLuo Ying 1,Wu Shankun1,Fu Naifang2,Ou Wenjun2, 2018, 34 (4):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100040 Abstract + ( 824 )   The paper aims to study the difference of hydrocyanic acid content in different varieties of Cassava. Used silver nitrate titration method, hydrocyanic acid content was measured in different parts(Leaves, Stems, Root(with periderm), Root(remove periderm)) of seven varieties of cassava(SC5、SC7、SC9、SC124、SC205、SC8013、ZM8625).The results show that , the highest content of hydrocyanic acid in seven varieties of cassava leaves is SC9, the lowest is SC8013; and the highest content of hydrogen cyanide in the stems is ZM8625, the lowest is SC9; the highest content of hydrocyanic acid in the root with periderm is SC205, the lowest is SC7; the highest levels of hydrocyanic acid in the root remove periderm is SC205, the lowest is SC9. Hydrocyanic acid content of all the parts of the SC205 are high. Leaves and stems hydrocyanic acid content is greater than the root in the seven varieties of cassava, the content of hydrocyanic acid in the root with periderm was about twice as high as that of the root remove periderm, The content of hydrocyanic acid in the root remove periderm was significantly lower than that in other parts. The conclusion of this study is the main content of hydrocyanic acid in cassava heavily concentrated in leaf, stem and periderm; the leaves of SC8013 can be developed into high-quality vegetable or feed resources; the root tuber of SC9 can be developed into high quality edible or feed resources.

  A DNA Rapid Extraction Method of Pepper: Suitable for High Throughput PCR Identification 杨中周 and 2018, 34 (4):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010050 Abstract + ( 875 )   The traditional way to extract DNA from pepper is using CTAB method. Now, the CTAB method could not meet the need for massive molecular biology work, in order to solve the problem, we testified alkalin-heating method in pepper DNA extraction. A SSR molecular marker that was recently identified from a new pepper variety was used as examining approach for checking whether the Alkalin-heating method can provide qualified DNA satisfying experimental needs. The results showed that different tissues should be used according to different experimental purposes. Roots of germinated seeds were needed when dealing with seed-purity-identifying. Young leaves of mature plants were needed when dealing with plant genetic screening. These plant materials were then put into PCR tubes. After adding 80 μL 0.2 mol/L NaOH solution, the tubes were treated under 100℃ for 30 mins in PCR amplifier. Then 40 μL Tris-HCl buffer was used to adjust pH value to a range between 7 and 8. Then a good experimental result could be retrieved using the DNA solution as template. In conclusion, it is confirmed that, comparing with other time and labor consuming methods, the Alkalin-heating method would be a more suitable way to solve the problem of high throughput genetic identification in pepper.

  Effects of Fertilization Treatments on Leaf Structure of Tobacco‘K326’ 尹天能,,,周汝梦 and 2018, 34 (4):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010083 Abstract + ( 679 )   Through observing the tissue structure change of tobacco leaves, we can infer the effect of specific fertilization and select an optimal fertilization treatment. In this study, the tissue structure of‘K326’tobacco leaves was observed and compared by using the method of paraffin section. The results showed that different fertilization treatments had significant effect on the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, the thickness of the palisade, the thickness of spongy tissue, the tissue ratio of the palisade tissue and spongy tissue, etc. Among them, treatment L2 (pure nitrogen 112.5 kg/hm2) had the maximum thickness of palisade tissue, while L6 (the medium potassium treatment, N:P:K=1:1:2.5) had the least; spongy tissue and leaf thickness were the maximum under treatment L1 (green manure plus pure nitrogen 75 kg/hm2), and the minimum was under L4 (no fertilization); the thickness of cells’epidermal under L1 was the largest, but was the minimum under L4; the tissue ratio was the maximum under L7 treatment that had no K (N:P:K=1:1:0) and was the minimum under L3 treatment(application of Chinese trumpet creeper, pure N 75 kg/hm2, pure N measure was 1.5 kg). The results showed that the tissue structure development of‘K326’tobacco leaves under treatment L3 was the most complete, the interstitial space was moderate, the elasticity was good, and the quality was the best, while the tissue structure development under treatment L5 with high potassium (N:P:K=1:1:5) was more complete than that under treatment L6 and L7. We suggest that in production, green manure should be applied with chemical fertilizer, and high potassium (N:P:K=1:1:5) treatment should be recommended to facilitate the full maturity of tobacco leaves, but this treatment needs the postponing of the picking time.

  Effects of Small Quota Irrigation on Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Huanguan’Pear 2018, 34 (4):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010070 Abstract + ( 665 )   To improve water utilization rate and pear quality, a field experiment was conducted in the Base of Modern Agriculture Demonstration Training of Hebei University of Engineering from March to November 2016 with 4 years old‘Huangguan’pear trees as the materials. The effects of small quota irrigation on soil water content, shoot growth, yield and fruit quality, root number and distribution were studied. The results showed that the soil moisture of different small quota irrigations were different significantly. The soil water content of furrow irrigation was significantly higher than that of border irrigation and drip irrigation, and the average soil quality water content of furrow was 15.33%. Furrow irrigation has the biggest new shoot growth, which was 42.25 cm, and the yield and the weight of single fruit were the biggest among the three methods. The fruit vitamin C content of furrow irrigation was significantly higher than that of border irrigation and drip irrigation. The fruit sugar-acid ratio of drip irrigation was significantly higher than that of border irrigation and furrow irrigation. The soluble solids content and the absorbing root number of furrow irrigation were significantly higher than those of border irrigation and drip irrigation. The absorbing root number of furrow irrigation was 3.6 times that of border irrigation and 2.4 times that of drip irrigation. In a word, furrow irrigation is the most appropriate small quota irrigation method in pear orchard.

  Effects of Boron Stress on Active Oxygen Metabolism and Antioxidant System of Different Genotypes of Watermelon Cultivars 2018, 34 (4):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010006 Abstract + ( 683 )   The paper aims to study the effects of boron stress on active oxygen metabolism and antioxidant system of different genotypes of watermelon cultivars. Seed- used watermelon, watermelon cultivars ‘Heimeiren’and wild watermelon were used to test the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and the content of O2·-, H2O2, MDA under 0.00, 0.05, 0.20, 0.60 mmol/L boron concentration. The results showed that lots of ROC (O2 ·- and H2O2) were produced in watermelon under boron stress, ROC led to MDA accumulation. The high boron stress led to more ROC accumulation in the leaf of three watermelon cultivars. Under boron stress, POD activities were increased in watermelon, CAT activities were decreased. The SOD activities of seed- used watermelon and‘Heimeiren’were reduced. The SOD activities of wild watermelon were increased. Boron stress led to ROC accumulation. ROC accumulation activated the antioxidant system of watermelon. But the antioxidant system of watermelon could not completely resist active oxygen damage under boron stress. Stress resistance of seed-used watermelon was the strongest.

  Preliminary Study Report on Introduction Cultivation of Oil Peony Variety ‘Fengdan’ in BeiJing 2018, 34 (4):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010059 Abstract + ( 665 )   The study aims to solve problems of late flowering and low grain state in introduction cultivation of Paeonia suffruticosa‘Fengdan’. Among the three-year-old peony plant group of‘Fengdan’, classification was conducted with different plant types of differentiation and variation in population during growth period. Agronomic characters of peony plant, such as branches of stem, plant high, leaf length, leaf width, leaf staygreen, dry weight of leaf, flowering, grains state, and so on, were studied. Correlation analysis of plant high, branches and leaf length, leaf width, and leaf dry weight was conducted. An unusual phenomenon of flowering and fructification was found in the second year on a few plants with low leaf width value, more branches, and less leaf dry weight value. Statistical analysis showed that the correlation between plant high and branches, leaf dry weight was positive (correlation coefficient value,r =0.5445** and 0.4078**,P <0.01); the correlation between branches and leaf width was negative (r =-0.5135**,P <0.01), which meant that the lower the leaf width value, the more branches were; when the leaf dry weight value was high, the branches were not always more, because the correlation between leaf dry weight and branch numbers was not close (r =0.0815). It is concluded that the unusual phenomenon of flowering and fructification of the three-year-old peony plant group of‘Fengdan’ might be relative to the distribution and transportation of photosynthetic products.

  The Relationship Between Floral Organ Development Period and Effective Component Content of Lonicera japonica 2018, 34 (4):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020029 Abstract + ( 711 )   To study the relationship between floral organ development period and effective component content of Lonicera japonica, samples at five different developmental stages of L. japonica were collected and analyzed for the content, accumulative amount and ratio of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin, isopropenic acid A, chloro?genic acid B and isochromatic acid C by HPLC method. The results showed that: (1) the contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, mignonette glycosides and isochlorogenic acid A were the highest in green bud period, respec?tively reached 27.29, 0.22, 0.84, 0.36 mg/g, but the peak content of isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C and total isochlorogenic acid appeared in the infant stage, they were respectively 7.22, 1.77, 9.30 mg/g; (2) the cumulant of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C and the total isochlorogenic acid were the highest in white bud period, they were respectively 82.19, 4.12, 5.56, 101.67, 23.05, 130.07 μg/bloom; however the maximum cumulant of mignonette glycosides appeared in the green bud stage (10.39 μg/bloom); (3) with the development of floral organ, the ratio of chlorogenic acid and mi? gnonette glycosides decreased first and then increased, the ratio of isochlorogenic acid A increased, while the ra?tio of isochlorogenic acid B and C reduced. In conclusion, the effective components’content, accumulation amount and proportion of L. japonica are closely related to its development period, and the optimal harvest time is white bud stage.

  The growth and photosynthetic physiological responses of Phellodendron amurense seedlings under supplementary UV-B radiation 2018, 34 (4):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010077 Abstract + ( 713 )   To study the ultraviolet radiation effect on growth and photosynthetic physiological mechanism of medicinal plants, treatments were set to supplement UV-B radiation for 40 days onPhellodendron amurense seedlings, the control treatment (CK) was natural sun light, T1 treatment supplemented UV- B radiation intensity of 3.26 μW/cm2, T2 treatment supplemented UV-B radiation intensity of 9.78 μW/cm2. The results showed that: compared with the control treatment, plant biom ss growth and root shoot ratio were significantly lower afterP. amurense seedlings were exposed under different UVB radiation intensities (P <0.05), and both were reduced with the increase of radiation intensity. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were significantly lower than those of the control (P <0.05), and decreased with the increase of radiation intensity; Initial fluorescence (F 0), maximum fluorescence (Fm ), PSⅡ original light energy conversion efficiency (Fv /Fm ), PSⅡ potential photochemical activity coefficient(Fv /F 0) and photochemical quenching (qP ) and electron transport rate (ETR ), all decreased (P <0.05) with the increase of UV-B radiation intensity, onphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN ) raised at low radiation intensity, but decreased with the radiation intensity increase, and still higher than the control (P <0.05). Photosynthetic pigment content, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and chlorophyll a/b, decreased with the increment of supplementary UV- B radiation intensity. UV- B radiation treatment inhibited the seedlings’growth of P. amurense , reduced the content of photosynthetic pigment and transmission electron ability of PSⅡ reaction center, which led to the decrease of the photosynthesis intensity and had dose effect.

  Screening of Suitable Formula for Cultivation of Ganoderma lingzhi in Jiaoling Area 2018, 34 (4):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010126 Abstract + ( 667 )   To screen the suitable formula for Ganoderma lignzhi in Jiaoling area. The sawdust was employed as basal substrate while four different levels of wheat bran(7.0%, 9.0%,11.0%,13.0%) were conducted, and the best formula was selected base on the comprehensive analysis of yield, product quality and benefit. The result showed that with the wheat bran ratio increased, the mycelium growth, fruit body yield as well as the spore powder yield were increased first then decreased. Treatment ③(sawdust 84.8%,wheat bran 11.0%,corn powder 2.2%,lime 1.0%，gypsum 1.0%.) produced the best spore powder yield(8.83g/bag) and the best benefit, as well as good quality (crude polysaccharide 0.51%, total triterpenes 0.1%), it is suitable to popularize in native.

  Diversity Analysis of Leaf Phenotypic Characters of Tea Gemplasms from Sichuan 2018, 34 (4):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010079 Abstract + ( 746 )   In this paper, nineteen leaf phenotypic characters from 114 tea gemplasms from Sichuan were analyzed. The results show that the variation coefficient of 9 numerial characters ranged from 10.09%-23.4%, with an average of 16.8%. The diversity index ranged from 1.39-2.04, with an average of 1.86. Seven out of 10 described characters exhibited differentiated levels of genetic variation,and the other 3 described characters showed partial levels of phenotypes. The diversity index was between 0.66-1.39.The tested samples could be clustered into 6 groups based on 9 numerial characters,and 85% of the tea gemplams were belonged to the group Ⅲ.Based on 4 numerial characters(leaf length,leaf width, length of shoots with two and a bud, weight of 100 shoots with two leaves and a bud), the other clusters were compared with cluster Ⅲ.

  The Ecological Relationships of Herbaceous Plant Communities Under Different Plantations on the Reclaimed Dumps in Antaibao Opencast Coal Mining Area 2018, 34 (4):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090095 Abstract + ( 637 )   To reveal the relationship between herbaceous plant communities and environmental factors under different plantations, in this paper, the quantitative classification, ordination and species diversity of herbaceous plant communities under different plantations on the reclaimed dumps in Antaibao opencast coal mining area of Shanxi were conducted by using the methods of Two- way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), Distended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), Richness Index (Pa ), Diversity Index (H'' ,DS ) and Evenness Index (JP ). The results showed that: (1) 63 quadrats were classified into 11 herbaceous plant communities (associations) under different plantations on the reclaimed dumps by TWINSPAN; (2) the first DCA axis represented a gradient change of revegetation age, namely, the revegetation age of the 11 herbaceous plant communities gradually decreased from left to right along the first DCA axis; the second DCA axis reflected a gradient change of the terrain on the reclaimed dumps, namely, the terrain shifted from platform to northeast slope and species diversity of the 11 herbaceous plant communities gradually decreased along the second DCA axis from bottom to top; (3) with the increase of revegetation age, the four species diversity indices of the 11 herbaceous plant communities under different plantations gradually decreased from platform to northeast slope and from arbor plantations to shrub and herbs plantations. The results showed that the revegetation age, plant species and terrain were the key factors to affect the structure and diversity of the 11 herbaceous plant communities under different plantations on the reclaimed dumps in Antaibao opencast mining area.

  Dynamic Change of Land Use in Fuxian Lake Basin from 2000 to 2014 2018, 34 (4):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010027 Abstract + ( 631 )   Based on the land use data from 2000 to 2014, the remote sensing data of TM images in 2000 and 2014, the authors used GIS technology, mathematical statistics method to analyze the spatial-temporal variation of land use in Fuxian lake basin from land use change amplitude, land use dynamic degree, the direction of land use transformation, and landscape structure. The results show that: (1) the major land use types were arable land, forest land, water land and unused land. In addition to water land, the other land use types took place greatly changes. From 2000 to 2014, the areas of unused land decreased, while the forest land, residential and industrial land,grassland, traffic land , orchard continued to increase, and the arable land reduced at first and then expanded. The integrated degree of land use in each township was between 0.75% and 7.64%, which appeared that the integrated degree of north basin is greater than that of southern, and the lake district is greater than mountain area. (2) There were 23 types of land use conversion in this region, with the total area of 18834.33hm2, which accounted for 12.15% of the study area. The major patterns of land use change were mutual conversions of unused land and arable land and forest land, conversions of arable land and residential and industrial land, conversions of arable land and traffic land. These conversion land mostly located in Qinglong town and Longjie town. (4) Throughout the study period of the landscape fragmentation index, diversity index, evenness index all raised, while the dominance index was in a downward trend. The area of each type land use tended to be more average and diversification. The conclusion of this paper is that human activities have strong influence on the formation of land use pattern. The population growth and economic development is the main driving force, the urbanization play an important role in the changes of land use in this region, too.

  Huaniu Apple in Southeast Gansu: The Correlation Between Yield and Quality and Meteorological Factors 邓卓雅 2018, 34 (4):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010034 Abstract + ( 647 )   The paper aims to explore the relationship between apple growth and meteorological factors, thus to develop specialty industry with high quality and high yield. Based on the experimental data and meteorological data of Huaniu apple producing area in southeast Gansu from 1981 to 2016, we established the apple correlation model between yield and quality and meteorological factors. The results showed that: heat condition was the main meteorological factor affecting yield and quality of Huaniu apple in Tianshui; during 1981-2016, under the background of climate warming, fruit sugar content and fruit hardness decreased and fruit acid content increased; sugar content and the diurnal average temperature range in July and August had a significantly positive correlation, the reciprocal of fruit acid content and the reciprocal of the average temperature in July, August and September had a significantly negative correlation; fruit hardness and the natural logarithm of average temperature in July, August and September had a negative correlation; the correlation between fruit cumulative weight, diameter cumulative growth and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature all could be simulated by“S” curve at the fruit growth stage. Making full use of climate resources, strengthening the management of water and fertilization, the controlling of diseases and insect pests, and the adopting of pruning in the critical stage of fruit growth are important to improve apple yield and commodity grade.

  Climate change trend and abrupt change in Xuancheng in recent 50 yearsHu Anxia, Sun Xiubang, Li Long#$NL(Xuancheng Meteorological Bureau, Xuancheng Anhui 242000) 2018, 34 (4):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010081 Abstract + ( 745 )   The paper aims to study the regional differences of climate change, exploit and utilize climate resources reasonably and provide a theoretical basis for the development planning of local agriculture and tourism. The authors analyzed the trend and mutation of the two main meteorological elements of temperature and precipitation over the past 50 years, based on the Mann Kendall test method and the meteorological data of 7 counties’meteorological stations from 1966 to 2015. The results showed that: the average temperature of Xuancheng had an increasing trend in the past 50 years; from a seasonal perspective, the increase trend of temperature was obvious except in summer, and the trend of warming in spring was most significant; the mutation of annual and seasonal temperature mostly occurred in the late 1990s; the annual precipitation generally increased in the 50 years (not significant), but since the late 1990s, precipitation decreased. The precipitation in spring and autumn showed a decreasing trend, and the trend in autumn was not significant; the precipitation in summer and winter showed a significant increase trend; there were several mutations in annual and seasonal precipitation over the past 50 years.

  Effect of thiacloprid on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of corn Seedlings 2018, 34 (4):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100018 Abstract + ( 669 )   The seedling growth of maize was studied by the method of Indoor potted plants, and the seedling corn clover growth index(Plant height, root length ,stem thick ,fibrous root number, fresh weight ), root activity and leaf protection enzyme was determined by seedling treatment with thiacloprid with 2 a.i g/kg,4 a.i g/kg,5 a.i g/kg,6 a.i g/kg and 8 a.i g/kg(seed).The results showed that the seed treatment of thiacloprid could significantly increase the corn seeding’s growth, leaf protective enzyme and root vigor, and all of them increased first and then decreased with the increase of the effective components of thiacloprid, and the optimum seed dressing was greater than that of imidacloprid. And the treatment of 8.0 g / kg had a slight inhibitory effect on the growth of maize plants, but the leaf protective enzyme and root vigor were still higher than the control treatment. The results suggest that the appropriate dose of thiophanate corn seed dressing can significantly promote the growth of corn seedlings, as well as improve the activity of protective enzyme and root vigor.

  EMS Mutagenesis in Vitro and Screening of Resistant Mutant to Kabatiella microsticta of Hemerocallis middendorfii 2018, 34 (4):  123-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090060 Abstract + ( 952 )   The calli and differentiation buds from ovary of Hemerocallis hybrida were mutagenized in vitro by different concentrations of EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) and screened by toxin extracts after the toxicity testing of Kabatiella microsticta on Hemerocallis hybrida. The results showed that 0.50%-0.75% EMS treated callus 60 min, 0.75%-1.00% EMS treated differentiation bud 60 min, and obtained semi lethal dose effect respectively. The surviving calli were gradually screened for bacterial toxin concentration (10%, 30 days- 20%, 30 days), and the surviving differentiated buds were screened for 21 days with 40% toxin, one step solution. 103 mutants of leaf blight from bud differentiation were obtained by directional screening, and further identification was needed. Calli failed to obtain resistant mutant plants.

  Effects of different silage Lactic acid bacteria inoculants on silage quality of Myriophyllum quaticum 2018, 34 (4):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100114 Abstract + ( 749 )   [Objective]In order to investigate the effects of different silage inoculants on silage quality of Myriophyllum quaticum, this study was based on the Myriophyllum quaticum and Lactococcus lactis (LL), Lactobacillus plantarum(LP) inoculants. [Method]The treatments were control (without additives), LL, LP, and FH(LL+LP) . The samples were taken on 1,3,7,15 and 30 days after ensiling and the nutritional composition and the silage quality were analysed in the laboratory. [Result]The results showed that : compared with the control, the pH value of the LL treatment decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the neutral detergent fiber content had a decrease of 17.23% ,while the lactic acid content was increased significantly(P<0.05),with an increase of 131.2%.The acid detergent fiber content of the LL treatment decreased by 24.56%(P<0.05).And the crude protein content of the FH treatment was increased by 12.6% (P<0.05). [Conclusion]In conclusion, the Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants could improve the silage quality, the nutritional value and the digestibility of Myriophyllum quaticum silage which provided a data basis for the resource utilization of the Myriophyllum quaticum.

  Nutrients Dynamic Change and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Caragana korshinskii in Goat 2018, 34 (4):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110101 Abstract + ( 571 )   This experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamic change and rumen degradation characteristics of Caragana korshinskii nutrients in different growth periods in Shanbei white cashmere goat. The whole Caragana korshinskii was collected in different growth periods, respectively, and the nutrients were analyzed after after preprocessing. Three Shanbei white cashmere goats fixed with permanent rumen fistulas were selected and the rumen nylon bag technique was used to study the rumen degradation characteristics of Caragana korshinskii nutrients in different growth periods．The results showed as followed: (1) dry matter (DM) content of Caragana korshinskii was increased with the extend of growth period. DM content of Caragana korshinskii in dormancy period was the highest (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in DM content of Caragana korshinskii in dormancy period and fructicative period (P>0.05). DM contents in flowering period and fructicative period were significantly higher than vegetative period (P<0.05). Crude protein (CP) content in vegetative period was significantly higher than other growth periods (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were decreased with the extend of growth period, and these results was the lowest in fructicative period (P<0.05). However, NDF and ADF contents rose to the highest level in dormancy period (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of ether extract (EE) and crude ash (CA) among different growth periods. (2) Rumen degradation of Caragana korshinskii nutrients in different growth periods incressed as the incubation time extended, and Caragana korshinskii nutrients were degraded mainly appeared at 48h. Nutrients degradation of vegetative period was the highest at every time point. Next was flowering period. However, nutrients degradation was lower in fructicative period and dormancy period, and the difference was not significant between the two periods (P>0.05). In summary, Caragana korshinskii is roughage of high nutritive value, and utilization rate of nutrient is higher in vegetative period and flowering period. So Caragana korshinskii in vegetative period and flowering period were the optimal utilization periods.

  Study on Antigenic Correlation of Three Duck Origin Parvovirus 2018, 34 (4):  143-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090145 Abstract + ( 732 )   To define antigenic correlation of muscovy parvovirus (MPV F strains), muscovy duck origin goose parvovirus (MD-GPV PT strain) and duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome goose parvovirus (SBDSV M15 strain), homologous and heterologous neutralization antibody titer and latex agglutination inhibition test (LPAI) antibody titer of the three virus antigen were measured by trace neutralization test (NT) and LPAI, to analyze the antigenic correlation among these three. The results showed that the homologous neutralization titer and LPAI titer of the 3 viruses were significantly higher than that of heterologous titer,R value of the neutralization antibody titer was 0.01 and 0.02 respectively when MPV reacted with MD-GPV and SBDS-GPV antiserum.R values of LPAI antibody titer was 0.03 and 0.04, respectively. However,R value of neutralizing antibodies and LPAI antibody titer between MD-GPV and SBDS-GPV were both 0.35. The results indicated that antigenic correlation was low between MPV and GPV (including MD-GPV and SBDSV), while it was high between MDGPV and SBDSV, which revealed that MD- GPV and SBDSV belonged to different subtypes of the same serotype. The results provide a theory basis for the effective prevention and control of different sources of duck parvovirus infection.

  Herbs HPLC fingerprints analysis and quality evaluations of Rongshu oral liquid and the determination of the original herbs in different areas 2018, 34 (4):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090063 Abstract + ( 653 )   To establish HPLC fingerprints of herbs of Rongshu oral liquid and HPLC detecting method of four composition herbs of the liquid, fingerprints of herbs (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Angelica sinensis radix, Schisandra chinensis and Rosae Rugosae Flos) were investigated by HPLC. With quercetin and kaempferol as indexes, the HPLC method was established to determine the quality of Rongshu oral liquid finished product. from different regions could be significantly distinguished. In addition, the HPLC method was successfully established to detect the content of quercetin and kaempferol in Rongshu oral liquid, for quercetin (5.79-38.6 μg/mL, r =0.9999) and kaempferol (3.68- 24.55 μg/mL, r =0.9999), and the average recovery value was 100.89% and 99.86%, respectively, withRSD as 1.96% (n =6) and 1.39% (n =6), respectively. The established method was accurate, stable and suitable for the quality control of Rongshu oral liquid.

  Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Longnan Mountainous Area 2018, 34 (4):  154-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100059 Abstract + ( 635 )   China has numerous mountainous areas, which accommodate a large number of villages. Solving the rural problems in mountainous areas is of great significance to the construction of a well-off society and to the overall development of China. In this paper, based on the landscape pattern indices, taking Longnan City of Gansu Province as an example, with the help of ArcGIS and GeoDa spatial analysis tools, starting from the number, size, morphology and spatial proximity, the distribution characteristics of rural settlements on different spatial scales were explored. The results showed that detached house and small settlements in Longnan accounted for 79.25% of the total rural settlements, while the large and medium-sized settlements, though in small number, accounted for 79.66% of the city’s rural settlement area. The midwest of Xihe county and the middle of Hui county were hot areas where quantity and area of rural settlements per unit area of land were high. The scale of rural settlements in the east-west direction presented a feature that the middle was larger than the east and west, and the rural settlement in the east was slightly larger than that in the west, besides, in the north-south direction, it presented a slow growth trend from south to north. Overall, the forms of rural settlements in Longnan mountainous area were not regular, but there was a narrow regular band located in the western end of this area. The rural settlements shape index in Longnan had the characteristics of high value and high value aggregation, low value and low value aggregation. Land was generally occupied intensively by rural settlement in Longnan, there were 1937 villages with significantly aggregated settlements, accounted for 61.16% of total villages in this city, and showed significant aggregation in spatial distribution.