Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.9 Published:21 March 2018

  Yield and Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Japonica Rice in Huaibei of Jiangsu 2018, 34 (9):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110091 Abstract + ( 1376 )   To provide a theoretical basis for identifying and screening high-yield Japonica rice varieties and establishing corresponding cultivation technology, 16 typical Japonica rice varieties were used as test materials in a field experiment. The yield traits, dry matter production characteristics and their correlation in Huaibei of Jiangsu were analyzed. The results showed that the yields of the tested Japonica rice varieties had great difference. The yields of different growth period types showed a trend of mid- maturing and mid- season varieties > early-maturing and late-season varieties > late-maturing and mid-season varieties. The correlation analysis showed that the components of yield were positively correlated with yield, and the partial correlation coefficients were all extremely significant. The path analysis showed that the direct effects of yield components on yield were all positive, and 1000-grain weight contributed most greatly to the effect. Indirect effects of 1000-grain weight on yield were all negative, and 1000-grain weight affected by spikelets per panicle was relatively higher. Analysis of dry matter productive force showed that total dry matter yield and average daily dry matter productivity of the whole growth period showed a trend of mid-maturing and mid-season varieties > early-maturing and late-season varieties > late-maturing and mid-season varieties. The total dry matter yield and grain/straw ratio of‘Longjing 968’were significantly higher than that of other Japonica rice varieties. The grain yield had obviously positive correlation with total dry matter yield and average daily dry matter productivity of the whole growth period. In conclusion, in Huaibei of Jiangsu, mid-maturing and mid-season Japonica rice varieties are the first choice, 1000-grain weight should be considered as the priority factor. In cultivation management, increasing the spikelets per panicle and the effective panicles per unit area as well as the amount of dry matter accumulation could achieve high yield.

  Winter Wheat‘Dongnongdongmai 1’: Effects of Exogenous SA and ABA on Physiological Characteristics Before and After Overwintering 2018, 34 (9):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030018 Abstract + ( 1154 )   The paper aims to investigate the effects of exogenous SA and ABA on the cold tolerance and regrowth rate of winter wheat‘Dongnongdongmai 1’. Samples were treated with SA, ABA and a mixture of (ABA+SA) and distilled water as a blank control at the beginning of three-true leaf period; we analyzed morphological index, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, physiological and biochemical indicators and regrowth rate of wheat under 5℃, 0℃, -10℃, -25℃. The results showed that: spraying (ABA+SA) could increase the chlorophyll content at different temperatures and effectively increase the values ofFv /Fm , ΦPSII and q P, but decrease theNPQ ; with the decrease of temperature, the relative electrical conductivity, MDA content of‘DN1’increased; compared with the control, SA, ABA and (ABA+SA) could decrease the relative electric conductivity, MDA content, and increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, and at -10℃, (ABA+ SA) group treatment was more significant than other treatment groups; at 0℃ , spraying (ABA + SA) could effectively increase root length and the dry weight of plant; spraying ABA alone and spraying (ABA+SA) could effectively improve the‘DN1’regrowth rate, and the regrowth rate of (ABA + SA) treatment was higher. Therefore, spraying (ABA + SA) treatment had better effect on improving cold resistance and reviving rate of winter wheat.

  Identification and Selection of Salt Tolerant Varieties in Germination Stage of Native Soybean Varieties 2018, 34 (9):  15-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110057 Abstract + ( 1108 )   Soybean is moderately salt tolerant, and its normal growth and development process is inhibited by salt stress. In this study, we measured the germination rate, germination potential, plant height, hypocotyl length, root length, lateral root number and dry matter accumulation of 18 soybean native varieties under NaCl treatment, found that the germination rate, germination potential, plant height, axis length, root length, lateral root number and dry matter accumulation showed downward trends under NaCl stress. One salt tolerant variety G08 was screened out, and the salt damage index was 18.00% . It proved that the germination potential, germination rate, plant height, hypocotyl length and root length were significantly correlated with salt tolerance among varieties, which could better reflect the salt tolerance of soybean. This study provided abundant data reference and parent materials for the salt-tolerant germplasm creation of soybean, and the data basis for improving the research on the salt tolerance of soybean germplasm resources and the utilization efficiency of saline soil.

  Straw Returning Affects Crop Yield and Soil Fertility in Bean-rice-vegetable Cropping System 2018, 34 (9):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110052 Abstract + ( 1104 )   Bean-rice-vegetable cropping system plays an important part in Southern China, but the effect of straw returnuing on crops yield and soil fertility under which is unknown. A long-term field experiment was conducted for seven years (2009—2015) to investigate the effects of rice straw returning on soil fertility and crop yield in bean-rice-vegetable continuous cropping system on rice soil of Zhejiang province. The results showed that straw returning has a great effect on crop yield, rice and vegetable yield increased more than 10% every year compared with chemical fertilizer. Straw returning also had a great effect on soil fertility: improved soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus and available potassium contents, and also soil pH. In addition, total nitrogen and available phosphorus and available potassium contents under straw returning area increased gradually every year. In conclusion, straw returning can improve crops yield and soil fertility in multiple cropping area and can be used for for a long time in agricultural practice.

  Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activity Characteristics of Poplar Planted Forest in Dongting Lake Area 2018, 34 (9):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060026 Abstract + ( 1009 )   The soil microorganism and enzyme activity in different interplanting modes and different aged stands of poplar planted forest in Dongting Lake area were studied. The results showed that: (1) interplanting could promote the growth of forest trees, compared to forest without interplanting, diameter at breast height (DBH) showed significant difference, tree height showed extremely significant difference; (2) soil microbial quantity of the same age forest of different interplanting patterns was in the order of interplanting cabbage> interplanting pumpkin> no interplanting, interplanting could increase soil microbial quantity; among different age forests, soil microbial quantity of 2 and 8 years forest was relatively large, that of 4 years was relatively small; reeds had the largest number of microorganisms, which was significantly different from other forest lands; (3) the change ranges of soil sucrose, urease and catalase activities in different forest types were 3.39- 6.06, 0.81-1.83, 2.18-2.26 mg/g; the difference between soil sucrose and urease activity was not significant, the catalase activity in 4 years forest and reeds were the least, which reached significant difference with interplanting cabbage; soil enzyme activity in interplanting cabbage and 8 years forest were the highest; (4) there were significant correlations between soil fungi and bacteria and actinomycetes in poplar forest, soil urease were positively correlated with sucrose, and negatively correlated with catalase, urease and sucrose were positively correlated with fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, catalase was negatively correlated with fungi,

  The Response of Cotton Seedling Root to NaCl Stress: Differential Proteomics Analysis 臧新,, and 2018, 34 (9):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060135 Abstract + ( 733 )   To investigate the effect of salt stress on protein expression of cotton seedling roots and enrich the mechanism of salt tolerance at molecular level, this research studied the differential proteomics of cotton seedling roots under salt stress. 1% NaCl was used to simulate salt stress,Gossypium hirsutum L.‘Zhongmian 69’was treated for 72 h, the material was grinded with phosphate buffer, and the proteins in seedling root were extracted with carrier-assisted trichloroacetic (TCA) precipitation. The two-dimensional electrophoresis was conducted. The differential protein expression profiles with high resolution and clear background were obtained. The mapping analysis showed that there were 36 protein spots in cotton seedling roots responded to salt stress, in which 16 spots were up-regulated and 20 spots were down-regulated. The 10 differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry and were identified as homologous proteins, they were ascorbate peroxidase (APX), enolase, glutathione-S-transferase, quinone oxidoreductase, annexin AnxGb3, chloroplast Rubiso enzyme subunit binding protein alpha subunit, P23, fructokinase, alcohol dehydrogenase, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase- 1-subtype-1. The results showed that some of the cotton seedling root proteins appeared significant differential expression, which indicated that these proteins might participate in the signal and metabolism way of salt resistance.

  Early Responsive Proteins in Tobacco Infected by Tobacco Mosaic Virus 郭尧, and 2018, 34 (9):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090051 Abstract + ( 1189 )   In order to improve the early warning and prevention system of tobacco mosaic disease, the early responsive proteins in tobacco infected by TMV were screened through detecting the proteome changes. [Methods] iTRAQ was used to analyze the proteome changes and the genes expression was detected with qPCR method. [Results] Proteomic analysis showed that there were 160 differentially expressed proteins, including 64 up-regulated and 96 down-regulated proteins. The functions of these differential proteins were related to redox balance, RNA decay, stress response, chloroplast structure and photosynthesis. qPCR results demonstrated that the change trend in mRNA expressions of these differential proteins was consistent with iTRAQ data. Tobacco mosaic disease could be effectively controlled by timely application of antiviral agents and plant resistance inducers, which induced the changes in expression of PR10, LHCB, POD, HSP90, 14-3-3 and AGO1. [Conclusion] Some early responsive proteins were identified in tobacco infected by TMV, which will be helpful for clarifying the pathogenesis mechanism of tobacco mosaic disease and screening new antiviral agents and plant resistance inducers.

  Research Process of Calnexin and Calreticulin in Plants 2018, 34 (9):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030203 Abstract + ( 1114 )   Calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) are proteins with important biological functions in eukaryotes, which functions in mammals have been deeply studied, but systematic genetic studies of the roles of CNX and CRT in plant have been bare. In this article, we have summarized structures and biological functions of CNX and CRT in plant by comparing the similarities and differences between CNX and CRT in flora and fauna; we also analysis the research status of CNX and CRT in plant; combined with previous studies and the latest biotechnology, we envisage the prospects of future research on plant CNX and CRT.

  Selection of SCoT Core Primer for Beet 2018, 34 (9):  53-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060077 Abstract + ( 601 )   The aim is to select the SCoT primer that suitable for the genetic diversity analysis of beet varieties. In this study, eight beet varieties from different countries were used as materials, and 80 SCoT primers were amplified. The optimal reaction system of SCoT-PCR was used in this study, it included 2.0 μL of 10×PCR buffer (Mg2+), 10 ng of template DNA, 0.5 U ofTaq DNA, 2 μL of 10 μmol/L primers and 0.1 μL of dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L each). As a result, 20 primers with high level of polymorphism were selected from 80 primers. In the 20 primers, some one amplified 16 polymorphic bands at most, and some one amplified 2 polymorphic bands at least. The total bands were 155, including 134 polymorphic bands, with a polymorphism rate of 86.5%. Through the validation of the core primer, the 20 core primers selected are suitable for the fingerprint construction of beet.

  Genetic Relationship of Seedless Grape Germplasm by SRAP Markers 2018, 34 (9):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040037 Abstract + ( 544 )   To know and utilize seedless grape germplasm resources, and assist seedless grape breeding, the genetic relationships among 23 seedless grape cultivars from home and abroad were studied by sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in this study. The results showed that 38 polymorphic primer combinations were selected from 45 primer pairs, which amplified 236 bands, 171 bands of which were polymorphic and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 72.4%. Analysis of genetic similarity showed that the genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.58 to 0.90, and the variation range of genetic distances was between 1.0313 and 4.9643. When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.61, these seedless grape cultivars could be clustered into two groups. Furthermore, when the threshold was 0.66, both group I and group Ⅱ could be classified into two subgroups. It indicated that the genetic relationships among the 23 cultivars were far, there was abundant genetic diversity among Euro-American hybrids grape, while part ofvitis vinifera had close relationships. So the selection of parents should be paid attention to in cross breeding.

  QTL Mapping and Epistatic Effect Analysis of Ear Traits in Maize 2018, 34 (9):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100071 Abstract + ( 702 )   The study aims at clarify the genetic basis of ear length (EL ), ear diameter (ED ) and kernel depth (KD ) at molecular level in maize. The recombinant inbred lines (RIL) generated from a crossing between inbred lines Yu82 and Yu87- 1 were used as materials. The phenotype identification of multiple locations, the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and epistatic effect analysis based on genetic linkage with SNP marker were conducted in this study. The results showed that 18 QTLs associated with the three traits were identified, and the interaction with the environment was insignificant. In these QTLs, qEL1-1 associated withEL was in chromosome 1, and qKD2-1, qKD2-2 associated withKD was in chromosome 2, they could explain 6.21%, 10.11%, and 8.90% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The epistatic effect analysis showed three pairs of locus interactions with the effect of 1.23%-6.49%, and one pair interaction reached the significant level. This study provides important reference for map- based cloning related to key genes and molecular mark assisted breeding.

  Effect of Different Crop Rotation Methods on Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity 2018, 34 (9):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030045 Abstract + ( 969 )   To study the effect of different rotation methods on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity and screen out the optimum rotation method in the north of Yin Mountain, we conducted an experiment consisted of 10 treatments: 6 rotation patterns, 3 continuous cropping and fallowing, and studied the effect of rotation on soil biological character. The results showed that the soil microbial biomass C content of rotation treatment was significantly higher than that of continuous cropping in 2015, and S2, S6 and S4 were better rotation methods, while S2, S3 and S4 were better rotation methods in 2016. S1 and S4 increased soil microbial biomass N content in 2015, while S4 increased soil microbial biomass N content remarkably in 2016 (P ＜0.05). The catalase activity of all treatments in 2016 was lower than that in 2015, and that of S2、S4、S5 were higher in 2015, while that of S3、S4、S5 were higher in 2016; soil urease and sucrase activity of S1, S2 and S4 increased in 2015, and that of S4, S5 were higher in 2016 than that in 2015, urease activity increased by 24.53% and 23.30%, sucrase activity increased by 21.23% and 19.29%. Soil microbial biomass was significantly correlated with urease activity in 2015, but its correlation with soil enzyme activity was not significant in 2016. In conclusion, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity could be increased by the crop rotation of oatsalfalfa intercropping 1 year, alfalfa 1 year and potato 3 years.

  Research Status and Trends of Soil Fauna Based on Bibliometric Analysis 2018, 34 (9):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100100 Abstract + ( 682 )   To get further information and clarify the global research status and hotspots of soil fauna, the literatures of SCI on soil fauna during 1986—2016 were studied with bibliometric analysis based on Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database from Web of Science. The research priorities and development trend were discussed. Results showed that the number of publications on soil fauna increased year by year. The quantity of published articles from the United States was the maximum among all the countries, those from China ranked the second. In terms of the number of publications, Chinese Academy of Sciences and USDA ARS were the top two of research institutions.“Soil Biology Biochemistry”,“Plos One”and“Applied Soil Ecology”were the leading journals on soil fauna. Biodiversity, nitrogen addition, heavy metal pollution and ecological degradation were the research focus of soil fauna.

  Objective Prediction of Precipitation in Early Summer of Heilongjiang Province Based on DERF 2.0 2018, 34 (9):  81-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110002 Abstract + ( 612 )   Based on the second generation model system data (DERF 2.0) of National Climate Center System, the historical return inspection work in early summer (June) of Heilongjiang Province from 1983 to 2013 was investigated. Through empirical orthogonal function method (EOF) and optimal subset regression (OSR), we analyzed the prediction results of the model downscaling interpretation application, and used short- term climate prediction integrated service score (PS) and anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) method to evaluate the prediction performance of model downscaling in early summer precipitation of Heilongjiang Province, and compared the results with that of model direct prediction factor. The results showed that the prediction of DERF 2.0 model downscaling was much better than that of the direct prediction of model. In addition, the application of DERF 2.0 model downscaling interpretation had moderate skills for predicting extreme drought and flood years in 2004 and 2009.

  Typical High Temperature Weather in Shanxi: Circulation Characteristics and Cause Analysis 2018, 34 (9):  90-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110105 Abstract + ( 863 )   The paper aims to improve the understanding of the formation mechanism of high temperature weather in Shanxi. Based on the meteorological observation data and NCEP reanalysis data from 2003 to 2016, the circulation characteristics and the time-space distribution characteristics of 107 regional high temperature weather processes in summer in Shanxi were analyzed, and numerical experiments were carried out to simulate and diagnose the possible causes of regional high temperature weather in Shanxi. The results indicated that: the spatial distribution of high temperature weather in Shanxi was closely related to topography and latitude, and high temperature days occurred more frequently in the south than that in the north and more in the basin than that in the mountains; continental warm high type, zonal circulation type, western Pacific sub-high type, and two troughs and one ridge type were the typical circulation situation of 500 hPa for high temperature in Shanxi, and two troughs and one ridge type occurred most frequently; when controlled by the continental warm high, the high temperature space was the largest, and the high temperature intensity was the highest when controlled by the western Pacific sub-high; the high resolution mesoscale numerical model could simulate the spatial distribution characteristics of surface temperature. Further analysis showed that: the diabatic heating term was the main cause of the high temperature weather caused by continental warm high type, western Pacific sub-high type, and two troughs and one ridge type, while the temperature advection term was the main factor for the formation of high temperature weather controlled by zonal circulation type.

  Cause and Source of a Typical Pollution Weather Process in Hunan 2016 2018, 34 (9):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120124 Abstract + ( 845 )   The paper aims to analyze the causes and sources of a continuous pollution weather process in the central and eastern Hunan from December 7 to 12, 2016. The air quality data from the environment departments, the meteorological observation data, the NCEP reanalysis data and MODIS satellite remote sensing data were used for diagnostic analysis, meanwhile, based on NOAA back trajectory model (HYSPLIT- 4), sources of the air pollution were analyzed. The results showed that the pollution weather process was caused by 3 main reasons: the biomass burning emissions in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in continuing fine weather, the meteorological condition which was not conducive to dispersion and removal of pollutants, and the special terrain in Hunan.

  Staple Freshwater Fishes: Price Fluctuations in Beijing from 2007 to 2016 2018, 34 (9):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040026 Abstract + ( 607 )   The paper aims to master the market situation of aquatic products, monitor aquatic industry development and guide the fishermen to produce effectively, we took the average monthly price of staple freshwater fish from June 2007 to December 2016 from Beijing market as the object for the research, and analyzed the price fluctuations rules; besides that, X12 seasonal adjustment method and HP filter method were used for the empirical analysis of price fluctuation characteristics and fluctuation cycle. The results showed that: the price was in an upward trend of cycle fluctuation, part of which were in severe fluctuation because of the accidental factors such as market and production; the price also had significantly seasonal characteristics, but was not sensitive to the holidays and festivals; the price of silver carp was lower and the bighead carp was higher than that of the other breeds in each year; the price fluctuation cycle was closely related to the production cycle, which was about 10 months. Based on the above research conclusion, it is suggested that the aquatic products should be supplied in market in a disperse way to reduce the impact of production mode on the price fluctuation, and promote the aquatic production in a smooth way.

  The Proficiency Testing Results of Pathogen Detection Ability for Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD) 2018, 34 (9):  111-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100060 Abstract + ( 752 )   To improve the overall level of pathogen detection of Koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) in China, and strengthen the detection ability of laboratories for Koi herpesvirus (KHV), the proficiency testing programs were carried out for 3 times from 2014 to 2016. Blind samples were used in the proficiency testing programs, which were prepared by mixing carp tissue homogenate with recombinant plasmids containing KHVTK gene fragment and Sph gene fragment. The homogeneity and stability of the blind samples were examined. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay, which was recommended by the aquaculture industry standard, Detection Methods of Herpesvirus (CyHv)-Part I: Koi herpevirus (SC/T 7212.1-2011), was used to detect KHV, and the test results of all participating laboratories were analyzed. The satisfaction rate of the first round test results was 58% in 2014, after the second round test, the overall satisfaction rate was 96%. In 2015, the satisfaction rate of the first round test results was 77%, the overall satisfaction rate was 89% after the second round tests. The satisfaction rate of the first round tests results was 82.69% in 2016, and the overall satisfaction rate was 92.73% after the second round tests. Through the proficiency testing programs of 2014-2016, most attended laboratories possessed the ability of PCR detection of Koi herpesvirus and the capacity of quality management, and could undertake the detection and monitoring of Koi herpesvirus.

  Growth and Decline Regularity of Antibodies in Sheep Inoculated with Brucellosis S2 2018, 34 (9):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040054 Abstract + ( 594 )   We aim to discuss the growth and decline regularity of antibodies in the sheep inoculated with Brucella S2 by different approaches and to analyze fitting degree of the antibody results detected by different methods. We selected 44 Beijing native sheep under the same feeding conditions to perform single immunization. Twenty sheep were immunized by injection, with 5×108 CFU per sheep, the other twenty-four sheep were immunized by feeding, with 100 ×108 CFU per sheep. On the 3rd, 7th, 13th, 17th, 21st and 25th week, blood was sampled to separate serum. Then the 44 serum antibody samples were tested and analyzed with rose bengal plane test (RBPT), standard-tube agglutination test (SAT), micro-agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the serum of injection group maintained a certain antibody level on the 7th week and the antibody could be detected till the 25th week. However, the positive rate of feeding group was 0% on the 13th week. The Kappa values of RBPT, SAT and MAT compared with ELISA were 0.805, 0.760 and 0.899, respectively. The positive rate of antibodies in the injection group was higher than that in the feeding group, and the antibodies could be maintained for half a year. The consistency of the antibody test result was the highest between MAT and ELISA.

  MSTN and FGF5 Gene Editing Does Not Affect Estrus Synchronization of Cashmere Goats 2018, 34 (9):  124-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080082 Abstract + ( 766 )   In this study, we aim to compare the responses of wild-type cashmere goats withMSTN- orFGF5-editing cashmere goats on the hormones for estrus synchronization, then find out the difference of estrus synchronization efficiency between the wild-type and the gene-editing cashmere goats. The goats were treated with the same method (CIDR + PG) in the breeding season. The results showed that the estrus synchronization rate of the wild-type cashmere goats was 100 % after the treatment, and that of the gene-editing goats was also 100% . Moreover, the MSTN- and FGF5- editing goats showed no significant difference in the estrus synchronization efficiency, and also showed no significant difference in that with the wild-type goats. The results confirmed thatMSTN andFGF5 gene editing did not affect the reproductive performance of cashmere goats. The results provide an experimental basis for the application of gene editing animals.

  Determination of Atrazine, Acetochlor and Butachlor Residues in Maize by GC-FTD 2018, 34 (9):  127-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030079 Abstract + ( 837 )   The aim is to develop an analytical method for determining the atrazine, acetochlor and butachlor herbicides residues in maize by GC-FTD. The kernel samples of maize were extracted with acetonitrile, the extracts were cleaned up by neutral alumina column, and then determined by GC- FTD. The method was validated at three spike levels (0.01, 0.05, 0.5 mg/kg) in maize kernel. The average recoveries of atrazine, acetochlor and butachlor in maize kernel were 84%-105%, 81%-100%, 87%-103%, withRSD of 1.0%- 3.5%, 1.1%-5.2%, 3.7%-4.4%. Good linear correlation of atrazine, acetochlor and butachlor residues were found in the concentration range of 0.01-2.0 mg/L. The limits of detection were 0.005, 0.01, 0.01 mg/kg for atrazine, acetochlor and butachlor. This method is simple, sensitive and reliable. It can be used for the determination of atrazine, acetochlor and butachlor residues in maize.

  Cholesterol Determination in Hogwash Oil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV Spectrophotometry 2018, 34 (9):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080029 Abstract + ( 748 )   Hogwash oil is always an important factor concerning food safety, and this study aims to establish an effective method to detect hogwash oil. The determination method of cholesterol in hogwash oil is as follows: first, samples are saponificated with anhydrous ethanol and potassium hydroxide in 70℃ water, and extracted with petroleum ether; then, sterol and cholesterol are separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); at last, clear chromatographic peak are observed under 205 nm. By testing concentrated liquid after filtering, extraction rate of cholesterol exceeds 75%, and the accurate and quantitative detection could be obtained when cholesterol content is over 0.35 g/L. This method is used in blind test, and it could accurately detect the simulation pigwash oil, and traces of cholesterol are found in two kinds of vegetable oil collected from the market.

  Integrated Control of Tobacco Root-knot Nematode Disease by Crotalaria pallida and Paecilomyces lilacinus 2018, 34 (9):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100096 Abstract + ( 718 )   The aim is to identify the integrated effect of Crotalaria pallida and Paecilomyces lilacinus against tobacco root- knot nematode disease. The root powders of C. pallida were used as materials to study the influences on the growth, sporulation quantity, spore- germination rate of P. lilacinus, and Meloidogyne incognita J2 corrected death. While three treatments (single intercropping C. pallida, single using P. lilacinus, intercropping C. pallida at the same time using P. lilacinus) were set to make a comprehensive evaluation on integrated C. pallida and P. lilacinus against tobacco root- knot nematode disease. The results showed as follows: (1) the root powders of C. pallida promoted the growth, sporulation quantity, and spore-germination rate of P. lilacinus, under the treatment of 24 h and 0.01 g/mL root powders water extracts of C. pallida and P. lilacinus spore for Meloidogyne incognita J2, the corrected death rate was 96.08%; (2) tobacco intercropping with C. pallida and using P. lilacinus simultaneously could significantly increase the plant height and maximum width of tobacco leaves, the control efficiency was 67.5%, increased by 22.9% and 10.2% compared with single intercropping C. pallida and single using P. lilacinus, respectively. Taken together, C. pallida and P. lilacinus have obvious synergistic effect on controlling tobacco root-knot nematode disease.

  Research Progress of Pesticide Pollution and Degradation Pathway in Water 2018, 34 (9):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050074 Abstract + ( 729 )   Pesticide played an extremely important role in agriculture, but pesticides discharged into the water by spraying, surface runoff and factory waste water and it had brought serious pollution and harm to water, at the same time, the water environment problem was increasingly outstanding. In order to maintain the ecological balance of water environment, there was a great significance to study the pollution and degradation of pesticides in water. In this paper, the pollution and degradation of pesticides in water were summarized, and the problems of pesticide degradation in water and the future research directions were put forward.

  The Evaluation on XPCC’s New-type Urbanization Development Quality 马瑛, and 2018, 34 (9):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100113 Abstract + ( 739 )   Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC) has an important location and special administration system, and its new-type urbanization development has an important irreplaceable significance for our country. Through the establishment of the Corps new-type urbanization development level estimation index system, using Entropy Weight Method (EWM) to estimate the Corps’ new-type urbanization development level in recent 10 years, we obtained each indicator’s weight, the Corps’ recent 10 years’ new-type urbanization development level grades, and each driving factor’s development changing situations and its contribution degree, and then conducted analysis. The research showed that, (1) in the past 10 years, the Corps’ new-type urbanization was mainly driven by society and population, and its most important feature was the mechanical growth and agglomeration in population; (2) The Corps’ new-type urbanization level grade was stably increased and preferential state policies’ effects to the Corps were not presented visually in the new-type urbanization estimation in short terms; (3) excessive resource was expended in the urbanization construction process, and the Corps’ special administration system had become an obstacle to the urbanization construction.

  Correlation Between Urbanization and Carbon Emissions in Henan: A Dynamic Econometric Analysis 2018, 34 (9):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100116 Abstract + ( 610 )   From the perspective of urbanization, based on the time series data from 1978 to 2015 in Henan Province, the dynamic relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions was discussed by cointegration test, Granger causality analysis and dynamic simulation analysis. The results showed that there was a high degree of positive correlation between urbanization and carbon emissions in Henan Province, and there was a long-term co-integration relationship between the two groups. In the long term, the carbon footprint increased by 1.52% for every 1% increase of urbanization. Second, there was a single Granger causality between urbanization and carbon emissions in Henan, it meant that the increase of urbanization was the cause of increased carbon emissions, but carbon emissions were not the factors for the increased level of urbanization. Finally, through analysis of dynamic simulation, the urbanization in Henan had a positive impact on carbon emission, and there was a certain lag, and with the development of urbanization, this impact rose to a certain extent then became gentle, and played a certain inhibition role in growth. So, in the future long- term construction of urbanization, its engine role in the energy-saving emission reduction should be promoted, to construct low-carbon cities.

  Influencing Factors on Transformation of Peasant Households’Land Use in Impoverished Limestone Mountainous Areas 2018, 34 (9):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110127 Abstract + ( 733 )   Due to a lot of problems such as insufficient usable area and limited usable modes existing in land use of limestone mountainous areas, the problem of rural poverty could be generated easily. The paper researches influential factors on peasant households’ land use transformation in impoverished limestone mountainous areas and discusses land use modes adapted to modern agriculture development, expecting to relieve poverty problems in impoverished limestone mountainous areas. Based on questionnaire data of Luoyang Town, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the paper uses a binary selection Logit model to conduct system analysis of current influential factors on peasant households’ land use transformation from three perspectives including land use structure, land use ownership and land use mode of peasant households. Research results indicate that the governmental land contract strategy is still the major influential factor on peasant households’ land use transformation; family type, personal characteristics, resource endowment and economic factors of peasant households influence their land use behaviors according to their land use transformation demands in different aspects. The local government shall persist on the basic principles of rural land “three-power distribution” policy; and shall rationally guide the peasant households’ land use behaviors through differential modification and perfection of rural land contract policies, and perfection of rural land circulation markets, as well as other measures in view of specific backgrounds of the limestone mountainous areas. In this way, land use efficiency can be increased, and sustainable utilization of land resources can be achieved.