Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.10 Published:10 April 2018

  Water-Fertilizer Coupling Affecting Root Morphology and Distribution of Wheat in Saline Alkali Land in the Yellow River Delta 2018, 34 (10):  1-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030123 Abstract + ( 958 )   The study aims to explore the distribution of wheat root in mild and moderate saline alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta and analyze the coupling effect of water-fertilizer on root morphology and distribution of Wheat. The authors set four kinds of irrigation which were no irrigation, irrigation before sowing, irrigation before sowing and jointing, irrigation before sowing, jointing and seed filling, and four kinds of fertilization which were no fertilization, organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, inorganic compound fertilizer, to explore the coupling effect of water-fertilizer on root morphology and distribution of wheat of the saline soil in the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that the roots of wheat in saline alkali soil were mainly concentrated in 0-30 cm soil layer, and decreased with the deepening of soil layer. In this study, there was a significantly positive correlation of each root morphological index. Irrigation time and fertilization type had significant effects on the growth and development of wheat roots. The root vigor of wheat and root morphology treated with inorganic compound fertilizer and two-times irrigation were the best. Therefore, the distribution of wheat root in mild and moderate saline alkali soil was mainly concentrated in the top 30 cm soil in the Yellow River Delta, and jointing water and inorganic compound fertilizer could promote root development, and make good wheat root morphological structure.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation 2018, 34 (10):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030089 Abstract + ( 921 )   Field experiments were conducted about the effect on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization of flag leaf of Xindong18, five nitrogen application rate treatments under drip irrigation, i.e., no nitrogen (N0), 90kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal (N1), 180kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal and jointing (N2), 270kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal and jointing and booting (N3), 360kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal and jointing and twice booting (N4). The result showed that they were increased on the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate, LAI, total photosynthetic potential in spring at booting when increased nitrogen application rate at jointing, however, increased nitrogen application rate at booting, which were extended the duration time for the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate and LAI, who were higher after booting on the chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate, LAI and total photosynthetic potential in spring of flag leaf of N3、N4 , and dry matter accumulation and yield of N3、N4were higher, increased the quantities of dry matter accumulation and yield, decreasing nitrogen use efficiency. The increased yield was mainly due to the nitrogen application and delayed the period lead to the rise for chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate and LAI. Therefore, in a comprehensive consideration optimal nitrogen application rates was 180-270kg.ha-1, and his agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of nitrogen was 6.9kg?kg-1, and obtain grain yield 8004.85kg.ha-1.

  Winter Wheat in Wuqing of Tianjin: Irrigation Requirement of Different Growth Periods 2018, 34 (10):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030106 Abstract + ( 912 )   To quantify the irrigation index of winter wheat during different growth periods in Wuqing, according to the meteorological monitoring data of Wuqing, Tianjin during 2009-2016 and agrometeorological observation data during 1988- 2016, the authors calculated effective precipitation by adopting the method recommended by Soil Conservation Service of United States Department of Agriculture, and also studied the water requirement and the irrigation requirement of winter wheat during 8 growth periods by utilizing the Penman-Monteith method recommended by FAO and introduced soil correction factor. The results showed that: the effective precipitation in Wuqing had been on decline in recent 8 years, and there was serious moisture deficiency during the seeding to maturity period and significant differences of irrigation requirement among different growth periods; in which, the largest water requirement appeared during the regreening stage to jointing stage and flowering stage to milk stage, and their maximum irrigation requirement was 59.95 mm and 57.08 mm, respectively, followed by tillering stage to overwintering stage and jointing stage to heading stage, their irrigation requirement was 39.38 mm and 34.50 mm, respectively. The water requirement of winter wheat during the whole growth periods was 251.94-328.00 mm, and the irrigation requirement was 189.65-292.53 mm. The water requirement and irrigation requirement of winter wheat of Wuqing have a trend of increasing every other year, but with no significant spatial differences.

  Growth Regulator Affecting Growth and Development of Maize Varieties Under Different Densities 吴鹏昊 2018, 34 (10):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080123 Abstract + ( 947 )   The objective is to study the effects of plant growth regulator Yu- huang- jin on growth and development of different maize varieties at jointing stage. Three varieties‘M753’,‘pilot 6322’and ‘kws3564’were used as materials, by foliar spraying plant growth regulator Yu-huang-jin at jointing stage (8 leaves stage), 9 indexes were investigated including plant height and the seed rate and so on. At the density of 135000 plants/hm2, the seed rate of‘M753’was significantly higher than those of the other varieties. At the same time, plant height, ear height, leaf length and leaf width decreased significantly. Taken together, foliar spraying plant growth regulator Yu-huang-jin at jointing stage could reduce plant height, ear height, leaf length and leaf width obviously, and optimize plant type and increase the seed rate.

  Effect of Different Topdressing Treatments on Commercial Potato Rate and Absorption Efficiency of Trace Elements Under Mulching Drip Irrigation 魏福龙,,,, and 2018, 34 (10):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030183 Abstract + ( 1083 )   To provide scientific evidence for efficient production and cultivation of potato and promote the rapid development of potato industry, different topdressing treatments in field were conducted, which were T1 (CK, 0 kg/hm2), T2 (600 kg/hm2), T3 (750 kg/hm2) and T4 (900 kg/hm2), to explore their effect on potato yield, commercial rate, the accumulation and absorption efficiency of trace elements at growth stage under drip irrigation. The results showed that: (1) the yield and commercial rate of potato could be efficiently improved by topdressing in the late stage, compared with T1 treatment, the yield of T2, T3 and T4 treatment increased by 9.24% , 27.18% and 16.60% respectively, while the commercial rate increased by 14.73% , 23.52% and 18.44% , respectively, and the yield and commercial rate of potato were remarkably different among all treatments, the optimum fertilization was base fertilizer 2250 kg/hm2, topdressing 750 kg/hm2, and the yield reached 38835 kg/hm2; (2) the accumulation of trace elements was significantly increased by late stage topdressing, compared with T1 treatment, in the whole growth period, the average iron accumulation amount of T2, T3 and T4 increased by 22.74% , 46.39% and 35.81% , respectively, Mn accumulation increased by 16.40%, 29.89% and 25.70%, respectively, copper accumulation increased by 14.41%, 40.81% and 26.41%, respectively, and zinc accumulation increased by 12.84% , 25.92% and 19.34% , respectively; (3) the absorption rate of iron, manganese, copper and zinc were effectively increased by topdressing, compared with T1 treatment, in the whole growth period, the average iron absorption rate of T2, T3 and T4 increased by 22.97%, 45.95% and 32.43%, respectively, Mn absorption rate increased by 17.08%, 29.89% and 25.70%, respectively; copper absorption rate increased by 12.92% , 39.53% and 20.16% , respectively, and zinc absorption rate increased by 9.49%, 26.65% and 17.00%, respectively; (4) the maximum absorption rate of different trace elements appeared at different potato growth stages, among them, the maximum absorption rate of iron, copper and zinc appeared at the tuber enlargement stage, while the maximum absorption rate of manganese appeared at the tuber formation stage. Therefore, the best supplementary period of trace elements to potato should be during the tuber formation to the tuber enlargement stage.

  Absorption and Utilization of NPK and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rape in Sichuan 2018, 34 (10):  35-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020060 Abstract + ( 751 )   To understand the NPK absorption rule of rape in Sichuan and the fertilizer utilization efficiency under conventional fertilization, a field experiment was conducted with conventional fertilization (C1) and nonfertilization (CK) to study the regularity of NPK requirement in different growth periods and fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient harvest index under local conventional fertilization in Zhongjiang and Deyang. The results showed that 120-200 days after rape transplanting was a period of big demand for nutrients, but at this point, the available N, P and K contents in soil of C1 were closed to that of CK, the nutrients of fertilizer were basically released before 120 days, the growth of rape relied only on nutrients in soil, which affected the yield and quality. The average contribution rate of fertilizer to rape in Zhongjiang and Deyang was 39.45% and 25.86%, respectively, C1 treatment promoted photosynthate transfer to grain, but did not reach the significant level compared with CK treatment. Therefore, the way of fertilization or the selection of fertilizer type for rape planting in Sichuan needs to be further improved.

  Effect of Sterilization with Sodium Percarbonate on Seed Germination and Plant Growth of Tobacco 2018, 34 (10):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010082 Abstract + ( 901 )   Sodium percarbonate, a new disinfectant, has been widely used in the sterilization and cleaning of objects, but has not been reported in the surface sterilization of plant seeds and explants. In this study, tobacco seeds were used to study the effects of three sterilizing agents, including sodium percarbonate, sodium hypochlorite and mercuric chloride, on the seed surface sterility and their effects on seed germination and plant growth. Tobacco seeds were treated with 4.0% aqueous solution of sodium percarbonate (active oxygen content ≥0.54%) for 20-40 min and then inoculated directly onto MS medium for germination and growth. While the other two groups were sterilized separately with 33.3% sodium hypochlorite solution (active chlorine content ≥1.65%) for 10 min and 0.1% aqueous solution of mercury for 4 min, then cleaned for 5 times with sterile water and inoculated on the same medium. The results showed that 90% of seeds germinated and no plantlet was contaminated, indicating that the three methods were effectively. The seeds germinated fast and the plantlets grew well by sodium percarbonate and sodium hypochlorite treatments, and the group of sodium percarbonate treatment was slightly better than that of sodium hypochlorite. However, mercury delayed seed germination and inhibited plant growth. In addition, sodium percarbonate eliminates the need for cleaning after sterilization, exhibiting a great advantage. This study established a new method for tobacco seed surface sterilization, which provides a reference for the sterilization of other plants seeds and explants, showing very practical value.

  Effect of GA3 on Seed Germination and Plant Growth of Solanum melongena 2018, 34 (10):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030172 Abstract + ( 606 )   To study the effects of GA3 on breaking seed dormancy and plant growth in eggplant, the germination and the plant growth were investigated with 16 inbred lines and 2 varieties. The result showed that, the seed germination rates were low and had statistical significant differences in all 16 inbred lines one month after extracting from fruit, which the maximum germination rate was 25.5%, and the minimum was 0%. It illustrated that all inbred lines had dormancy, but varied in degree of dormancy. Compared with that treated by water, it was also found that germination rate and potential of all 16 inbred lines increased significantly after treating by 1000 mg/L GA3, and the germination rates of six inbred lines were greater than 90%. It showed that GA3 had significant effect on breaking the seed dormancy of eggplant. When storaged in dryer for 4 months, the germination rates of 14 inbred lines were greater than 90% while only two (06036 and 06039) originated from north of China were less than 80%. In addition, seedling height, agronomic characters in the field and yield of two cultivars of commercial eggplant (‘Nongfu’ and ‘Qingfeng’) were investigated after seed treating with GA3. The results indicated that the seeding height of ‘Qingfeng’ increased significantly treated by 2000 mg/L GA3 in one leaf stage, and there were no significant difference by lower concentration of GA3 on ‘Qingfeng’ and all treatment on ‘Nongfu’. After planting in the field, the plant height, stem diameter, the length and width of leaf, and the fruit weight, fruit length, deformed fruit rates and yields had no significant changes after seed treating with GA3 on two cultivars. It also showed that there was no significant effect on plant growth, fruit traits and yield between 4 h and 6 h of seed treatment with GA3. These results showed that seed treatments with GA3 could contribute to improving germination, but had no effect on plant growth and yield after 4 leaves on eggplant.

  Abortion Mechanism of Seedless Grape: Research Progress 2018, 34 (10):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010066 Abstract + ( 497 )   In order to master the research progress of the abortion mechanism of seedless grape and clarify the research findings and problems, the authors summarized recent research results at home and abroad focusing on 5 aspects of cytology, physiology, biochemistry, heredity of seedless characters, molecular markers of seedless gene and functions of related gene of seedless, and found that researches on genes types, gene interactions and regulatory network during grape embryo development and abortion were relatively deficient. Finally, the authors pointed out that the combination of multi- omics would promote the research on the abortion mechanism of seedless grape.

  Anthocyanin Profiles in Petals of Orychophragonus violaceus 孙晓波,,, and 2018, 34 (10):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030133 Abstract + ( 875 )   The paper aims to study anthocyanin component characteristics in Orychophragonus violaceus. Petal pigment type was identified by characteristic color reaction, and the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins in threeO. violaceus materials. The results suggested that colored carotenoids were not detected in petals of all cultivars, and blue purple and pink petals contained anthocyanins in petals. Blue purple petals contained the highest anthocyanin content, followed by pink petals. A total of seven anthocyanin components were detected in petals of three cultivars, including cyanidin 3- rutinosid, malvidin 3,5- glucoside, cyanidin 3- coumaroylglucoside- 5- glucoside, cyanidin- 3- p - coumaroyldiglucoside- 5- glucoside, cyanidin 3- feruloylglucoside- 5- malonylglucoside, cyanidin 3-coumarylsophoroside- 5- malonylglucoside, and cyanidin 3- (6′- malonylglucoside- 2′- (6′′- coumaryl- 2′′- hydroxybenzoylglucoside))-5-malonylglucoside. Pink petals contained only cyanidin derivated anthocyanins while blue purple petals contained majorly cyanidin derivated anthocyanins and some malvidin derivated anthocyanins. This paper provides a reference for the identification of molecular structure of anthocyanins and the molecular breeding of flower color in O. violaceus.

  Genetic Diversity of 20 Cut Flower Cultivars of Paeonia lactiflora with AFLP Analysis 2018, 34 (10):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040011 Abstract + ( 509 )   In order to explore the relationship characteristics among cut flower cultivars ofPaeonia lactiflora , 20 main specimens were analyzed by AFLP technique with 9 pairs of primers (PstI/MseI). The results showed that 733 bands were detected with 699 polymorphic bands and the polymorphic locus was up to 95.36%. Nei index was 1.4163- 1.5552 with average of 1.4740, Shannon index was 0.4197- 0.4929 with an average of 0.4490. The results of UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that Dice index was 0.458-0.741. All the specimens were classified into 5 groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.52. The research suggested that there were bigger genetic differences, and abundant genetic diversities among Paeonia lactiflora cultivars. This study provided the reference for the classification and genetic relationship analysis of Paeonia lactiflora.

  Effects of Spraying KH2PO4 on Growth and Yield of Coreopsis tinctoria 2018, 34 (10):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120123 Abstract + ( 703 )   In this research, we took field chrysanthenmum in Sanping Farm Practice Base in Xinjiang Agricultural University as the experiment material, to study the effect of foliar spraying KH2PO4 on Coreopsis tinctoria growth and yield. Spraying 0.5% KH2PO4 in July has the most significant effect on growth and yield; spraying 0.3% KH2PO4 in August has the most significant effect on plant traits and yield. As a result, the effects of spraying 0.5% and 0.3% KH2PO4 on the leaves of Coreopsis tinctoria at different times are most obvious and have time differences.

  Establishment of Leaf in vitro Regeneration System in Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don 2018, 34 (10):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030197 Abstract + ( 498 )   To establish an system for large-scale vegetative propagation and efficient genetic transformation of Rhododendron molle, the leaves of Rhododendron molle plantlets in vitrowere used as explants, the effects of basic medium type, leaf cutting mode, leaf position, darkness culture time and different hormone combinations on the adventitious bud regeneration of leaves were studiedr. The results showed that WPM medium was the optimal basic culture medium. The regeneration frequency of adventitious buds was highest in the leaves which were cut perpendicularly in the main veins and the petioles and leaf apexes were removed. The regeneration ability of leaves at middle and upper parts of a plantlet was stronger, and the induction effect of adventitious bud from leaves at the 5th and 6th positions was the best. The initial dark culture was beneficial to regeneration of leaves and the optimal time of dark culture was 10-15 d. The optimum medium for adventitious bud regeneration was WPM+TDZ1.0 mg/L+ IAA 1.0 mg/L and the regeneration frequency was 82.3% and the average number of adventitious bud was 7.2.

  Salt-tolerant Germplasm Resources of Sorghum: Selection and Comprehensive Assessment 2018, 34 (10):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030112 Abstract + ( 468 )   The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of salttolerant germplasm resources and the innovation of new salt-tolerant germplasm of sorghum. 20 accessions of sorghum were used as materials and treated with 150 mmol/L NaCl in the artificial climate chamber. The germination rate and germination potential were detected. The 20 accessions were placed in 25℃ constant temperature incubator for accelerating germination and irrigated with 150 mmol/L NaCl, the control was irrigated with the same amount of water. The seedling survival rate growth rate and wilting index were investigated and compared. The membership function was used for correlation analysis. The cluster analysis was also adopted in this study. The results showed that under the 150 mmol/L NaCl stress, the germination rate of‘3438’,‘space mutation breeding SP42’,‘09305R’and‘3560R’was higher than that of the control. And other indexes were lower than that of the control. In the 20 materials, 4 salt-resistant accessions were selected at sprouting stage, 3 salt-resistant accessions were selected at the seedling stage. The order of correlation was as following: relative bud length> relative root length> relative plant weight> germination potential. The 20 accessions of sorghum were clustered into five groups, including high salt-tolerant type, salt-tolerant type, medium salt-tolerant type, salt-sensitive type and high salt-sensitive type. In conclusion, 150 mmol/L NaCl is selected as the standard salt concentration for the identification of salt tolerance of sorghum cultivars. The germination rate, germination potential, root length, leaf length and fresh weight of plant could be used as identification indexes for salt tolerance of sorghum.

  Research Progress of Plant Economic Spectrum 2018, 34 (10):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030178 Abstract + ( 1095 )   Based on the leaf and root economic spectrum, we analyzed the plant economic spectrum, and further analyzed the correlation between underground and aboveground about plant economic spectrum, in the meantime, we evaluated its correlation research. Based on the existing research results, we elaborated the plant economic spectrum though the functional traits covariation consist of leaf lifespan, specific leaf area, photosynthetic rate, respiration rate, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. And we researched the functional traits covariation consist of the root diameter, root dry matter content, specific root length, carbon and nitrogen content, water soluble compounds, cellulose and lignin concentration, in order to explain the root economic spectrum in detail. Meanwhile, by the summary of the functional traits covariation, the correlation of the plant economic spectrum between the underground and aboveground was worked out. In order to further understand the plant economic spectrum, the following contents were put forward: increase the species and community of the plant economic spectrum, analyze and integrate the functional traits parameters of the whole plant, establish global plant economic spectrum model, explore the impact of environmental factors on plant economic spectrum. Through the plant economy spectrum was detailedly analyzed and discussed , which can provide technical support for this new research direction.

  Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristics of Temperate Forest Leaves: A Review 2018, 34 (10):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030147 Abstract + ( 520 )   The ratio and allocation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) in ecological stoichiometry have become hot topics of global climate change research, because C, N, P are necessary elements of plant growth, their supply restrict the plants growth and the microorganisms function. However, at present, human activities have greatly changed the C, N and P cycle, which changes the nutrient transport model, quantity and the degree of nutrient limitation, resulting in the current situation of widespread nutrient deficiency of temperate forests has been changed. The authors analyzed the contents of C, N and P, ecological stoichiometric ratio, limiting elements and their relationships with soil nutrient, and compared with those of tropical and subtropical forests, meanwhile, the ecological chemometrics characteristics of the forest leaf were summarized. In addition, the authors also reviewed some factors affecting the stoichiometric ratio of plant leaves, which would provide reference for the future study of ecological stoichiometry. The advice by the literature data as follows: the relationship of plant fresh leaves, exotic leaves, soil and microbes must be studied together, and for the different trees species, strengthen the effects of different parameters of the ecological factors such as crown, vertical structure and succession, temperature and precipitation on the ecological chemometrics characteristics.

  Preliminary Study on Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil Available P and Appropriate Phosphorus Application Rate for Oats in the Farming-grazing Transitional Zone of China 2018, 34 (10):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030148 Abstract + ( 565 )   To provide a scientific basis for oats fertilization in the farming-grazing transitional zone (FGTZ) of China, the method of regression equation between soil available nutrient content and relative yield of P deficient treatment was used, combined with the improvement programs of available P abundance-deficiency levels and“nutrient balance - fertility difference”to construct the new equation, and the study on available P abundance- deficiency index and the appropriate phosphorus application rate was conducted. The results showed that the ADI of SAP (Olsen-P) for oats in the FGTZ of China from the first to eighth level were ≥45, 27-45, 16-27, 9-16, 5.5-9, 3.5-5.5, 2.0-3.5 and ＜2.0 mg/kg. When the phosphate fertilizer use efficiency in current season was 20% and the projected yield of oats was 1.5-6.0 t/hm2, the ranges of APAR for the first to eighth level soil were 0-0, 8-30, 15-60, 23-90, 30-120, 38-150, 45-180 and 53-210 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of ≥10℃ Accumulated Temperature in Chongqing 2018, 34 (10):  106-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040065 Abstract + ( 771 )   The accumulated temperature is a kind of important eco- environmental resource and climatic resource. Knowing the temporal and spatial variation rules of accumulated temperature is significant to guide agricultural production and eco-environmental construction. Based on the accumulated temperature ground data of 34 automatic weather stations from 1960 to 2016 in Chongqing, the authors analyzed the temporal and spatial variation rules of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, by using Mann-Kendal mutation test and Morlet wavelet cycle analysis and other meteorological statistical methods. The results showed that: the accumulated temperature distributed unevenly in Chongqing, there were 3 regions with large distribution differences along the Yangtze River and Wujiang River; in most areas of Chongqing, the annual average accumulated temperature was between 5500℃ and 6500℃; during 1960-1980, the temperature change in Chongqing was mainly manifested by a warming trend; during 1981- 2000, the accumulated temperature was significantly reduced; after 2000, there were positive and negative phases; the accumulated temperature changed significantly fast, and the climate became more abnormal; before 1980s, the amplitude of the accumulated temperature was large in area 1 of Chongqing, after 1980s, the amplitude decreased significantly; the variation trend of accumulated temperature and change rules and the amplitude were basically consistent in area 2 and 3. Jiangjin, Fengdu, Wanzhou and the other regions of Chongqing have abundant accumulated temperature heat resources which can meet the requirement of three cropping a year system, and can carry out the pilot experiment of this cultivation system.

  Different Spray Concentrations of Cabrio Top: Effect on Chlorophyll and Nutrient Content of Cotton 支金虎,董红强 and 刘振亚 2018, 34 (10):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040056 Abstract + ( 605 )   The paper aims to study the effect of different spray concentration of Cabrio Top on chlorophyll and nutrient content of cotton. The authors dopted different concentrations of Cabrio Top which were sprayed during the initial flowering period and and flowering and boll-setting period of of cotton, and then measured the content of the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium in whole plant, root, stem and leaf and the relative value of the chlorophyll content in the function leaves. The results showed that: spraying Cabrio Top with proper concentration (450 -750 g/hm2) had significant promoting function on the accumulation of chlorophyll and the content of the total nitrogen, total phosphorus in the root and stem, but it would reduce the total nitrogen content in cotton leaves; the total potassium content in cotton’s root, stem and leaf was not significant by spraying different concentrations of Cabrio Top; the difference between excessive spray (1050 g/hm2) and water treatment was not significant. Spraying a certain concentration of Cabrio Top in the middle and later periods of the cotton growth can promote the accumulation of chlorophyll and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, to achieve the role of pesticides to promote fertilizer absorption.

  Effect of Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquid, Plant Extract and Their Mixture on the Second Instars Larvae and Eggs of Meloidogyne incognita 许 鹤,,,,, and 2018, 34 (10):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030061 Abstract + ( 764 )   Meloidogyne incognita harms plant roots in production, this experiment in order to explore the control effect of Bamboo pyroligneous liquid and plant extract on Meloidogyne incognita. In this study, the second instar larvae and eggs of Meloidogyne incognita were treated by dipping method with different concentrations of Bamboo pyroligneous liquid, plant extract and their mixture. The results showed that the Bamboo pyroligneous liquid and mixed liquid could reach 100% corrected mortality rate at 5 mL/L, plant extract was obviously lower than that of Bamboo pyroligneous liquid, which was 75.79% at 5 mL/L for 72 h. When the concentration was 10mL/L, the maximum inhibitory rates of Bamboo pyroligneous liquid, plant extract and mixed liquid separately were 84.96%, 64.33% and 87.49%. Treated for 24 h, LC50 value of the second instar larvae treated with Bamboo pyroligneous liquid was the lowest, which was 1.1190 mL/L. Thus, Bamboo pyroligneous liquid and plant extract on Meloidogyne incognita have a certain inhibitory effect, and compared with plant extract, the effect of Bamboo pyroligneous liquid on the prevention and control of Meloidogyne incognita was more significant.

  The Distribution of Apricot Bark Beetle in Turpan Area 朱舒亮, and 朱银飞 2018, 34 (10):  126-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040006 Abstract + ( 758 )   The paper aims to determine spatial distribution of the bark beetles in Turpan area, provide references for the population monitoring and integrated control. We identified species through field investigation and indoor section anatomy of Turpan apricot trees, 4 different ages of apricot gardens were surveyed by using aggregation index, regression analysis and gathering mean value on the data processing. The results showed that: (1) the species of apricot bark beetle in Turpan area were Scolytus seulensis, S. rugulosus, Ernoporus sp. and S. sp.. S. seulensis had the dominant population, the second was S. rugulosus, these two species could distribute in the trunk, branches, lateral branches; Ernoporus sp. occupied thinner branches and side branches, and S. sp distributed in branches and lateral branches; (2) 5 aggregation indexes test and regression analysis were conducted on data processing, the results indicated that the spatial distribution of apricot bark beetle adult was aggregated distribution, the population was the basic component, and the aggregation distribution was density dependent, namely, the aggregation density increased with the increase of population density; (3)when the population density was small, the population aggregation was caused by the interaction of biological factors and environmental factors, when the population density was large, the environment was the primary cause of population aggregation.

  Analysis of 6 Polyphenols in Flue-cured Tobacco by UPLC 2018, 34 (10):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030160 Abstract + ( 746 )   To determine chlorogenic acid, rutin, scopletin and other polyphenols in tobacco accurately, an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the determination of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, scopletin, rutin, and kaempferol- 3-O-rutinoside in flue-cured tobacco was developed by using a HSS T3 column with gradient elution. The precision of measurement for this method ranged from 0.9% to 3.4% (n=5) in terms of relative standard deviation. The recoveries of standard addition and limits of detection were in the range of 94.4%-106.8% and 3.7-9.9 μg/g, respectively. The linear correlative coefficients for the 6 polyphenols were better than 0.9995. The content of polyphenols in 18 flue-cured tobacco leaves from different cultivars and production areas was determined by this method. The results showed that the content distribution of the 6 polyphenols was chlorogenic acid> rutin> cryptochlorogenic acid> neochlorogenic acid> kaempferol- 3- O- rutinoside> scopletin. Compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the new method is rapid, simple, and meets the requirements of determination for polyphenols in flue-cured tobacco leaves.

  RP-HPLC Determination of Naringin and Hesperidin Content in Pummelo Pericarp 2018, 34 (10):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030154 Abstract + ( 712 )   To optimize the simultaneous determination method of naringin and hesperidin, we compared the content difference of naringin and hesperidin of pomelo peel from different sources. Naringin and hesperidin content were determined by RP-HPLC on Luna C18 (2) column (4.60 mm×150 mm, 5 μm, 100 ?) at 30℃. The mobile phase was pure water-acetonitrile (81:19), adjusted to pH value of 2.4 with phosphoric acid. The UV detection wavelength was set at 283 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The calibration range of naringin and hesperidin was 0.0247- 0.989 μg (r=0.9999) and 0.0282- 1.130 μg (r=0.9999), respectively. The average recoveries of 3 levels of naringin and hesperidin were 91.46% and 92.66%, corresponding RSD were 1.81% and 1.22%. Through this method, the difference of naringin content of pomelo peel from different sources reached extremely significant level. But hesperidin was not detected. This method is simple and accurate, and can simultaneously determine naringin and hesperidin content in pomelo peel.

  Cloning and Expression Profiling of TLR8 Gene in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 王杰 2018, 34 (10):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040115 Abstract + ( 725 )   In order to obtain sequence of TLR8 gene and its expression profiling in different tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), we cloned TLR8 and analyzed the mRNA expression profiling of TLR8 by RT-PCR. The results showed that sequence of TLR8 in C. carpio (GenBank accession No. KT886923) was 1349 bp, with an ORF of 1113 bp. In addition, the cloned TLR8 sequence in C. carpio shared 91% and 82% homologywith that in Sinocyclocheilus graham and Danio rerio, respectively, whereas shared relatively low homology with that in mammals such as Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. The expression analysis showed that TLR8 gene was extensively expressed in all tested tissues in C. carpio, with the highest expression level in gut, followed by in spleen(P<0.05). We successfully obtained the sequence of TLR8 in C. carpio, and demonstrated its tissuespecific expression in gut, spleen and skin, providing a basis for further investigation on the roles of TLR8 in immune response of C. carpio.

  Different Culture Cages Affecting Pearl Production Performance of Pinctada martensii 2018, 34 (10):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030036 Abstract + ( 599 )   To increase the profit of pearl production by Pinctada martensii, cone net, plastic cage and cylinder net were used for post-operative care of P. martensii; and cone net, cylinder net and panel net were used for culture of P. martensii during the period of pearl producing. The results showed that the nucleus retention rate of operated P. martensii was significantly influenced by culture cages during the period of recovery (P<0.05). The nucleus retention rate was the highest for the operated P. martensii cultured in cylinder net. The survival rate, nucleus retention rate and percentage of perfect pearls were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by culture cages during period of pearl producing. The three indexes were the highest for P. martensii cultured in cylinder net, while were the lowest for those cultured in cone net. Thus the optimal culture cages for pearl production of P. martensii were cylinder net and panel net.

  Elements Change and Mechanization Level of Foxtail Millet Production 2018, 34 (10):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010086 Abstract + ( 625 )   To clarify elements change and mechanization level of foxtail millet production in China, and promote the production efficiency, based on tracking the information points of the national foxtail millet industry technology system, and investigating the production of foxtail millet, the authors collected information platform data, used Excel statistical software for data processing, and analyzed elements change and mechanization level of China’s foxtail millet production. The results showed that the material input presented a slow increasing trend, the labor input decreased significantly, and the total input of foxtail millet production decreased gradually; the mechanical type was diversified and the mechanization level was improved step by step. Finally, the authors point out that the foxtail millet production development is heading to organic and functional agriculture with an integrated mode of simple and efficient production technology.

  Development Potential of Potato Industry in China 2018, 34 (10):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030101 Abstract + ( 595 )   The purpose is to reveal potato development potential and provide a reference for decision making in potato industry and national food security. The time series forecasting method is used to forecast the potential of potato industry from aspects of potato production, market, processing, trade in 2020. By 2020, potato production will reach 285.1872 million tons from world yield level and 116.0267 million tons from the trend of yield; per capita and total consumption will be 53.12 kg and 116.8668 million tons; potato processing will be 11.5211 million tons; import and export value of potato will reach 407.7008 million dollars and 276.429 million dollars. Potato production, consumption, processing, import and export value will be continued to show an upward trend, so potato industry will have a great development potential in the future.