Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.11 Published:16 April 2018

  Regional Experiment of Spring Corn in the Southwest Region 2018, 34 (11):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050064 Abstract + ( 959 )   To meet the needs of spring corn production and development, and select new hybrid corn combinations which are suitable for planting in Nanchong and southwest China, a regional experimental study on spring corn varieties in southwest China developed by Le He Enterprise Combination was conducted. The methods of field investigation, laboratory test, single collection, randomized block design and statistical analysis were used in the experiment. The results showed that‘Liangnong No.1’ and ‘Zhenghao235’ were better than CK in agronomic characters, economic characters and disease resistance. The yield of‘Liangnong No.1’was significantly higher than that of‘Yudan No.8’(CK) by 18.2%, while the yield of‘Zhenghao235’ increased by 8.0% compared with that of‘Yudan No.8’.‘Liangnong No.1’and‘Zhenghao235 ’could be used as the suitable varieties for demonstration in Nanchong and southwest China, with the advantage of high-yield, high-quality, strong stress resistance and disease-resistance. They could also be used as the ideal varieties in Nanchong National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone and National Agricultural Science and Technology Park.

  Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Plant Iron Nutrition in Calcareous Soil: Research Progress 2018, 34 (11):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110069 Abstract + ( 791 )   The aim is to elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanism that iron deficiency induced chlorotic symptom of plant in calcareous soil. We summarized that the bicarbonate changed soil pH value and then reduced the iron availability in soil, so that it limited the iron uptake in plants. Additionally, the bicarbonate stress induced a series of physiological and biochemical reactions in roots in response to the low iron habitat, including the roots secreting relative substances or proton to the rhizosphere soil to acidify soil, inducing the expression of ferric reductase gene and iron transporter gene to enhance iron reductase activity and iron uptake from soil. According to the characteristics of calcareous soil, the future research should be carried out on: (1) highlighting the effect of bicarbonate on iron transport from root to leaf to explain molecular mechanism of chlorotic symptom; (2) clarifying the effect of bicarbonate on the expression of ferritin gene in cell; (3) exploring the relationship between microorganisms and bicarbonate to reveal the characteristics of plant adaptation to calcareous soil.

  Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi on Plant Defensive Proteins: Research Progress 2018, 34 (11):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040122 Abstract + ( 1075 )   Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a class of common endophytic mycorrhizal fungi that form symbiotic mycorrhizal roots with the roots of most terrestrial plants. In order to systematically understand the mechanism of AM fungi to improve plant disease resistance, stress resistance and plant growth and development in agricultural production, in this paper, the mechanism that AM fungi symbiosis with plants can promote plants to produce defensive proteins [such as soluble protein and pathogenesis related proteins (Pathogenesis related protein, PR- protein)] and enhance defense enzyme activity has been concluded. The effects of AM fungi on the defensive proteins and defensive enzyme activities of plants under biotic stress, abiotic stress and natural growth are summarized, respectively. Finally, the development prospect of AM fungiroot symbiotic protein in agricultural production is pointed out and discussed.

  Piriformospora indica Increasing the Yield and Quality of Brassica rapa ssp. Parachinensis 2018, 34 (11):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050100 Abstract + ( 930 )   Frequent application of chemical fertilizers can affect vegetable quality and do harm to the soil. We studied the effect of Piriformospora indica on yield increase and quality improvement of Brassica rapa ssp. Parachinensis, in order to provide a theoretical basis for non- polluted cultivation of Brassica rapa ssp. Parachinensis and development of new bacterial fertilizer. A filed experiment was carried out to understand the effects of P. indica fungicide and four commercial biological bacterial fertilizers (Fantianfudi, multi-resistance 3+1, EM-1, Probiotic liquid) on the growth, yield and quality of Brassica rapa ssp. Parachinensis. The results showed that P. indica fungicide improved the yield and quality of Brassica rapa ssp. Parachinensis significantly. The yield with Piriformospora indica fungicide treatment was 25012.5 kg/hm2 and increased by 8.7% compared with that of CK. The content of soluble sugar, protein and vitamin C was 0.93%, 1.52 mg/g and 343.26 mg/kg, increased by 24.00%, 31.03% and 13.96%, espectively. It is suggested that farmers should soak the seeds with P. indica fungicide before planting Brassica rapa ssp. Parachinensis, thus to improve the yield and quality of Brassica rapa ssp. Parachinensis obviously.

  Effect of Biogas Slurry Spraying on Yield and Plant Physiology of Greenhouse Melon 2018, 34 (11):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120089 Abstract + ( 872 )   The paper aims to investigate the influence of biogas slurry spraying on yield and plant physiology of protected cultivation melon, a facility cultivation experiment was performed that taking ‘Xizhoumi 17’ as material. The results showed that the concentration of biogas slurry spraying significantly effected weight of per fruit, chlorophyll content, soluble protein and soluble sugar content of melon leaves. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) affected significantly by content of biogas slurry spraying, but catalase activity (CAT) showed no significant influence. Single fruit weight and leaf nutrient content were positively correlated, and negatively related with the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Under biogas slurry concentration 75%, the biggest single fruit weight reached to 2.70 kg. With the increase of concentration of biogas slurry spraying, POD and SOD activity of leaves had a descending trend; CAT had no obvious change rule. In conclusion, improving leaf nutrition and reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes could increase yield of melon, and the spraying concentration 75% more appropriate.

  Dynamic Change of Mineral Elements’Concentration in‘Zhipi’Almond Fruit 2018, 34 (11):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010029 Abstract + ( 422 )   The paper aims to explore the variation rules of mineral elements during the development of almond fruit.‘Zhipi’almond which is the main variety in Xinjiang was selected as the test material and the concentrations of 10 mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) were detected and analyzed during the process of fruit growth and development. The results showed that: the concentrations of N, P, B, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu in almond fruit decreased with the fruit growth; while Ca and K concentration increased with the development of fruit; there were sharp changes of mineral elements’concentration during the development of young fruit from April 5th to June 1st; the concentration of each element was relatively stable during fruit corehardening stage from June 1st to July 1st; and the concentration of each element fluctuated slightly during the maturity stage of fruit from July 1st to August 1st. The correlation analysis showed that: there was antagonism or promotion between the elements. An extremely positive correlation was found between N and Zn, and between Mg and P, B, Ca, a significantly positive correlation was between Ca and K, while N and Ca, Mn and Cu showed a significantly negative correlation. The early stage of almond development from April to May is a key period for supplying nutrition and rational fertilization.

  Weed Control Methods at Home and Abroad 2018, 34 (11):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080059 Abstract + ( 818 )   The paper systematically reviews progress and application status of weed control methods in recent 10 years at home and abroad, points out the advantages and disadvantages of various weed control methods, and discusses the development direction of weed control in the future. We aim at further expanding the applied scope of non-chemical weed control methods, changing the status of domestic weed control that highly depends on chemical herbicide, and providing a theoretical basis for future comprehensive prevention and control of weeds in farmland.

  Spatial-temporal Difference of Eco-environmental Carrying Capacity Based on PSR Model and GIS: A Case Study of Hainan Province 2018, 34 (11):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030138 Abstract + ( 561 )   The eco-enviromental carrying capacity is a critical part of regional sustainable development.In consideration of the social, economic and environmental status of Hainan Province, this paper selects 27 indexes to construct a pressure-state-response (P-S-R) model and mainly uses GIS spatial analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to study the spatial and temporal difference of eco-enviromental carrying capacity in 18 cities and counties of Hainan Province.The research mainly indicates in three points.First,the eco-enviromental carrying capacity in Hainan Province is better than other provinces and the overall level of which is high.Second,with the development of social and economic, the membership value of the vast majority of cities and counties is increasing, and the carrying capacity of eco- environmental is increasing continuously.Third,The eco-enviromental carrying capacity of cities and counties in Hainan Province shows an decreasing trend in the eastern-midwest-northern regions.

  Coverage Change of Alpine Grasslands in Northern Tibet: Based on PCA-BP Neural Network Estimation 2018, 34 (11):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060094 Abstract + ( 634 )   Alpine grassland in the northern Tibet is the largest alpine grassland area of China, The paper aims to accurately obtain the change trend of northern Tibet grassland coverage, using the meteorological data, social statistics data, GIMMS NDVI and MODIS NDVI data as a parameter, to build the BP neural network model, Estimate the trend of annual changes in the grassland in 2010-2014, and use the principal component analysis method to optimize the parameters to improve the model. The result showed that：①The BP neural network model and its improved model for the study area grassland coverage change value and the remote sensing value of correlation coefficient is 0.16, 0.47, It shows that the BP neural network model has good simulation effect after optimizing the parameters through principal component analysis；②The error rate of vegetation index values estimated by two BP neural networks is 2.36% and 2.20%. Both have high simulation accuracy；③From the training steps of neural networks, the training convergence step is 5000 based on the BP neural network model, and the training convergence step length is 454 based on PCA-BP neural network model，It is shown that the latter improves the computational efficiency and shows good convergence，As a result, the annual variation trend fitting degree, vegetation index to estimate the precision value, or from the point of computational efficiency, the improved BP neural network model is more effective to estimate the northern Tibet alpine grassland coverage changes。

  Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Pucheng 2018, 34 (11):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030055 Abstract + ( 679 )   The paper analyzed agricultural soil heavy metal content in Pucheng county, studied Mn, Sr, Pb, Zr and Zn content and their accumulation in 0-20 cm soil layer of 37 sampling sites, methods such as single factor pollution index method for evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution were used. The results showed that agricultural soil in Pucheng had certain Mn and Sr accumulation, but the difference among the sampling sites was not obvious, from the single factor pollution index, agricultural soil pollution in Pucheng was mainly Sr. Single factor pollution index of Sr was greater than 3, at the level of high pollution, that of Mn, Zn and Pb was less than 1, belonged to clean condition. Overall Sr content in Pucheng agricultural soil exceeded standard seriously, and restricted the development of agriculture and harmed human health, which should be timely dealt with; from the comprehensive pollution index, Mn, Pb, Zr and Zn content exceeded the standards, but was not serious and in the controllable range.

  Path Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Factors and Catalase Activities Under Cadmium Stress 2018, 34 (11):  59-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040022 Abstract + ( 624 )   To investigate the remediation effect of different soil repair materials and assess the impacts of soil physicochemical properties on catalase activities under Cd stress, this research added different kinds and different concentrations of repair materials into three different levels of Cd contamination soil in Hunan. The relations between catalase activities and pH value, available N, available P, available K, available Cd were studied through correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and path analysis. The results showed that pH value, available K, available N and available P were the major factors which influenced catalase activity in lower pollution soil; available N and available P were the major factors which influenced catalase activity in middle pollution soil; pH value and available Cd were the major factors which influenced catalase activity in serious pollution soil. With the Cd concentration increased in the soil, the influence coefficient of available Cd on catalase activities showed a growing trend, however, the influence coefficient of available K, available N and available P on catalase activities showed a reducing trend. Compared with the simple correlation analysis and multiple linear regression, path analysis results objectively and comprehensively explained the relationshipbetween soil catalase activity and soil physicochemical properties. This research could provide the foundation for accessing the effects of soil properties on enzyme activity.

  Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Paddy Soil Bacterial Community Diversity in Central South Region of China 2018, 34 (11):  66-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090007 Abstract + ( 658 )   The aim is to study the effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer on paddy soil bacterial community diversity. Different treatments in field were set as following: gradient amount of nitrogen fertilizer (U), straw returning combined with gradient amount of nitrogen fertilizer (SU), no straw return and no nitrogen fertilizer as the control. The soil bacterial community structure, diversity index and richness index of different treatments in different rice growing stages were analyzed and compared by using PCR-DGGE cloning and sequencing technology. The results showed that the diversity index and richness index of SU treatment were higher than that of U treatment at seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage. On the contrast, these indexes of SU treatment were lower than that of U treatment at filling stage and maturation stage. With the nitrogen fertilizer increasing, the diversity index and richness index of SU and U treatments showed different trends, however the evenness index showed no significant variation. Meanwhile, through DGGE fingerprint analysis, the specific bands appeared at the tillering stage, filling stage and maturity stage were mainly identified as Sphingomonas belonging to Proteobacteria, Streptomyces sp. belonging to Actinobacteria, Comamonadaceae belonging to Betaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadaceae belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Methylomonadaceae, Epsilonproteobacteria, Nitrospira and Firmicutes, etc.

  Effect of Incorporation of Astragalus sinicus on Soil Fertility, Rice Yield and Economic Benefits in Huangchuan County 2018, 34 (11):  74-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060054 Abstract + ( 668 )   To study the effect of turning over Astragalus sinicus into the field combined with reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers on soil fertility, rice yield and economic benefits in Huangchuan County, we used the field plot and set up six treatments, CK (no Astragalus sinicus and no chemical fertilizer), only local conventional fertilization (no Astragalus sinicus), only Astragalus sinicus (no chemical fertilizer), turning over Astragalus sinicus into the field with 100%, 80%, 60% of local conventional fertilization. By rice cultivation for two consecutive years, we selected the optimum ratio of chemical fertilizer to Astragalus sinicus straw fertilizer. The results showed that: taking Huangsigang Experimental Point as an example, the incorporation of Astragalus sinicus with different amounts of chemical fertilizers significantly reduced the soil bulk density (P<0.05). Compared with that of CK, the soil bulk density decreased by 12.86%-30.65%. Turning over Astragalus sinicus into the field with 100% conventional fertilization could significantly increase the soil available phosphorus, total phosphorus, slowly available potassium, total potassium and CEC value, they respectively increased by 44.39% , 155.92% , 35.50% , 16.54% and14.61% , compare with that of CK. Meanwhile, the combined application had a clear effect on promoting plant height, panicle length, spike numbers, spikelets per panicle and filled grain number per panicle, the range of increase was 12.20%-16.78%, 2.67%-6.82%, 30.09%-54.57%, 2.76%-20.77% and 4.54%-38.00%, respectively.

  Effect of Nano-bentonite Coated Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Late Rice 2018, 34 (11):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030072 Abstract + ( 523 )   A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different proportions of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer and N application levels on growth, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of late rice. The results showed that the yield, 1000 grain weight and grain number per spike of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. Compared with CK, the yield of N application treatment increased by 21.53% to 28.01% (P＜0.05). The effect of nano- bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer on late rice yield was different under different N application levels, the yield was 7178.54, 7220.28 and 7236.95 kg/hm2 under 10% nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer application with 0%, 20% and 30% N reduction, respectively, which increased by 1.17%, 1.76% and 1.99% compared with that under conventional N treatment (7095.21 kg/hm2), and the difference was not obvious (P＞0.05). By adding 15% nano- bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer, the rice yield increased by 2.47% with 0% N reduction and decreased by 0.12%- 3.17% with 20%- 30% N reduction (P＞0.05). Compared with the conventional N treatment, the seed setting rate of nano- bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment was lower, and the difference was not obvious (P＞0.05); under N reduction, SPAD value of nano- bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment had no significant difference. The nitrogen accumulation amount in grains at mature period was significantly higher than that without N fertilizer treatment, and 15% nano- bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment with 20% N reduction enabled the highest N accumulation (68.92 kg N/hm2); the nitrogen use efficiency of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer (49.3%~67.1%) was 2.8%~20.6% higher than that of conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment (46.5%). The results suggest that adding 10% nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer with 20% N reduction had the best effect on rice yield, setting rate and NUE.

  Annual Climate Evolution Characteristics and Agricultural Countermeasures in Central Huanghuai: Taking Shangqiu as An Example 2018, 34 (11):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010087 Abstract + ( 617 )   To evaluate the annual climate evolution characteristics in the central area of Huanghuai and adopt positive countermeasures, this paper took the meteorological data of Shangqiu from 1963 to 2010 to conduct a research on the annual evolution features of sunshine, temperature and precipitation. The results showed that: the sunshine duration tended to decrease linearly with 127.3 h/10 a, but the sunshine and temperature in different years had a different increase or decrease tendency, especially during 1991-2010, both sunshine and temperature dramatically increased or decreased, in which the average annual temperature increased by 0.49℃ compared with that of 1963-1990, 0.64℃ higher than the perennial value; while the average annual sunshine duration was 264.54 h lower than that of 1963- 1990, and 298.41 h lower than the perennial value. Precipitation growth rate was 13.1 mm/10 a, rainy season was summer and autumn, less rain season was winter and spring. The overall analysis suggests that the annual sunshine duration could meet the growth demand of two-season crops; the growth period of summer crops affected by temperature change would be prolonged, the disease and pests damage would be increased, and the growth period of wheat would be shortened and the freezing injury frequency would be decreased. The annual precipitation has a changing trend towards the south of the Huaihe River. In view of the effect of the uneven spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and the uneven seasonal distribution of temperature, the feasible countermeasures are evaluated and analyzed.

  Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Disease: Prediction Model of the Occurrence Area 2018, 34 (11):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010100 Abstract + ( 632 )   Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a kind of important viral disease, which outbroke recently in south china rice growing region, and occurred in many parts of our country. In order to research the dynamic epidemic law and establish the prediction model about occurrence trend, the author analyzed the meteorological factors and insect quantity in developing process of southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease by the methods of correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis. The result showed that both the meteorological factors from May to July and the insect quantity were positively correlated with the occurrence area. The correlation coefficient reached a significant level or more. Path analysis showed that the product of the imaginal rice planthoppers’ quantity in the first ten days of August and the precipitation from June 21st to July 10th, which was defined as X’3, had the most significant direct impact on occurrence area, the coefficient reached 0.9318. There were other impact factors, such as the product of the imaginal rice planthoppers’ quantity in the first ten days of August multiplied by the number of rainy days from June 21st to July 10th, which was defined as X’4, the relative humidity in May, which was defined as X’1, and the relative humidity from May 1st to May 20th , which was defined as X’2. All of them had an indirect impact on the occurrence area. The prediction model was established by stepwise regression analysis, and the prediction equation was given as Y=-2.521645+0.017466X’1+0.014457X’2+0.000050X’3-0.000296X’4, in which, y meant occurrence area, X’1 ,X’2, X’3 and X’4 were defined above. In 2017, the prediction equation was applied to predict the insect occurrence area, then there was only a very small error between prediction value and measurement value, and the high-precision prediction was obtained. The prediction equation can be applied to predict the occurrence area of southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease which outbreak in second rice growing season in Huazhou, and even in the western part of Guangdong province.

  Identification and Biocontrol Effect of Growth Promoting Bacteria to Induce Resistance Against Curvularia Leaf Spot in Maize 2018, 34 (11):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110018 Abstract + ( 586 )   Curvularia leaf spot is a major disease in maize. To screen biocontrol bacteria which efficiently induce resistance against Curvularia leaf spot, four biocontrol bacteria that could induce resistance against Curvularia leaf spot in maize were evaluated with seed coating in pot and field experiments, and the one with best effect on maize growth and yield was also verified. The species identification was performed based upon morphological, physiological and biochemical, and molecular biological methods. The results showed that among the four strains, Sneb2249 exhibited maximum resistance against Curvularia leaf spot, with control effect of 55.04% and 39.36% in pot and field experiments, respectively. Sneb2249 could significantly promote the growth of maize plants: plant height, dry weight of the overground part, and thousand kernel weight were improved by 24.89%, 49.15%, and 7.97%, respectively. Finally, Sneb2249 was identified as Pseudomonas putida. Sneb2249 is an excellent plant growth promoting rhizobacteria that could induce resistance against Curvularia leaf spot and promote the growth and yield of maize. Moreover, our results indicated that seed coating with beneficial microorganisms is a valid plant protection measure for disease control.

  Effect of Chlorosis on grape growth and development 2018, 34 (11):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050070 Abstract + ( 457 )   The main cultivars of Turpan‘Thmopson seedless’and‘Centennial seedless’were taken as testing materials to study the influence of chlorosis on grape growth and development. The indexes of leaf growth increment, chlorophyll content, fruit yield under different degrees of chlorosis were analyzed. The results showed that the chlorosis caused serious harm to grape growth and the yield and quality of fruits. Along with the intensifying of chlorosis, the single leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width and single leaf thickness of these two grape cultivars reduced gradually, and the growth increment of chlorotic grape plants was significantly lower than that of normal plants. The grape with chlorosis had lower yield, and the normal orchard yield of the two cultivars was 2.47 and 2.51 times of chlorotic orchard yield, respectively. The fruit size and soluble solid content of chlorotic grape were significantly lower than that of normal grape. By comparing different extracting methods of chlorophyll content, it was showed that the efficiency of acetone grinding was better than that of ethanol immersion. The occurrence of chlorosis could cause metabolic disorder of photosynthesis of grape leaves and slow plant growth, and severely threaten the healthy development of grape industry in Turpan. Therefore, adopting effective measures to control chlorosis in grape orchard should be the focus of grape production in Turpan.

  Bayberry Brown Spot Disease (Mycosphaerella Myricae Saw.): Occurrence and Epidemic Regularity, Control Technology 2018, 34 (11):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060032 Abstract + ( 830 )   Bayberry brown spot disease is a common disease in major producting areas of Zhejiang. Discussing the occurrence and epidemic, monitoring and control technology, are of great significance to the comprehensive control of bayberry brown spot disease. Years of investigation and tests showed that bayberry brown spot disease occurs all over the year. There are 3 obvious peaks, around the spring, summer and autumn shoots germination periods, which are the key time for disease control. The results preliminarily ascertained the pattern occurrence and epidemic , and the relationship between the disease occurrence and cultivars, field management, climatic conditions. This research also developed monitoring and predicting methods for bayberry brown spot disease to establish the corresponding survey targets and approaches, and predicting methods for the disease occurring trends. Fungi-cide test showed that the relative control efficiencies of 33.5% Oxine – copper SC 1000 times, 1500 times, and 2000 times liquid spraying were 78.83%, 76.79% and 74.05%, respectively. Oxine – copper is bio-safe and has acquired certificate for pesticide registration, can be applied in large areas. To control the disease, this research also proposed a disease prevention strategy and an integrated control technique, combining agricultural control with chemical control.

  Pesticide Synergist‘Jijian’: Application Effect on Wheat Stripe Rust 2018, 34 (11):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070082 Abstract + ( 971 )   The paper aims to clarify the application effect of pesticide decrement synergist‘Jijian’on wheat stripe rust. The authors carried out field efficacy tests of triadimefon WP and propiconazole EC with addition of ‘Jijian’on controlling wheat stripe rust, by using the methods of forecasting, randomized block design and statistical analysis. The results showed that: during the epidemic period of stripe rust, the control effects on the 7th day and the 19th day reached more than 93% and 100%, respectively, by the application of 15% triadimefon WP 1200 g/hm2 and 25% propiconazole EC 600 mL/hm2 respectively for 2 times; when 15% triadimefon WP 840 g/hm2 +‘Jijian’225 g/hm2 or 25% propiconazole EC 420 mL/hm2 +‘Jijian’225 g/hm2 were applied ‘( Jijian’could reduce the dosage by 30% of the two pesticides), the control effect on the 7th day was 89.4% and The paper aims to clarify the application effect of pesticide decrement synergist‘Jijian’on wheat stripe rust. The authors carried out field efficacy tests of triadimefon WP and propiconazole EC with addition of ‘Jijian’on controlling wheat stripe rust, by using the methods of forecasting, randomized block design and statistical analysis. The results showed that: during the epidemic period of stripe rust, the control effects on the 7th day and the 19th day reached more than 93% and 100%, respectively, by the application of 15% triadimefon WP 1200 g/hm2 and 25% propiconazole EC 600 mL/hm2 respectively for 2 times; when 15% triadimefon WP 840 g/hm2 +‘Jijian’225 g/hm2 or 25% propiconazole EC 420 mL/hm2 +‘Jijian’225 g/hm2 were applied ‘( Jijian’could reduce the dosage by 30% of the two pesticides), the control effect on the 7th day was 89.4% and 91.7%, respectively, while the control effect on the 19th day was 99.8%-100%; when 15% triadimefon WP 720- 600 g/hm2+‘Jijian’225 g/hm2 or 25% propiconazole EC 360-300 mL/hm2+‘Jijian’225 g/hm2 were applied ‘( Jijian’could reduce the dosage by 40%-50% of the two pesticides), the control effect on the 7th day reached more than 78.0% , while the control effect on the 19th day was 97.7%- 99.8% . There was no significant difference on the 7th day between the two pesticides used alone and adding‘Jijian’to reduce the dosage by 30% dosage, but both had significantly higher effect than that adding‘Jijian’to reduce the dosage by 40%- 50%. There was no significant difference of the control effect on 19th day among different treatments. These indicate that if the disease is lighter, the dosage of the pesticides can be reduced to 50%, that is to say, 15% triadimefon WP 600 g /hm2+‘Jijian’225 g/hm2 and 25% propiconazole EC 300 mL/hm2 + ‘Jijian’225 g/hm2, in order to reduce pesticide usage and pesticide residue pollution, and cut the control cost.

  Culture and Identification of Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cell 2018, 34 (11):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030211 Abstract + ( 967 )   The aim of this study was to improve the primary culture method of bovine endometrial cells and to identify their characteristics. Tissue pieces culture method and tissue pieces culture first again after digestion and purification methods were used respectively to isolate and culture bovine endometrial cells. The tissue-specific expression of cytokeratin genes in mammary epithelial cells was identified by immunofluorescent cytochemical staining. The results show that the tissue pieces culture first again after digestion purified method can acquire high percent of live cells and high purity of cells. Therefore, this method is an easy repeatable method for bovine endometrial epithelial cells culture in vitro. The cells obtained by this method can be cultured up to 4-5 passages in vitro, the culture of bovine endometrial cells in vitro establishes a foundation for research of physiological and mechanism of bovine reproduction.

  Expression of GlyCAM-1 in Uteri of Sheep in Oestrous Cycle 朱伯阳,,,,,,,,,, and 2018, 34 (11):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030162 Abstract + ( 557 )   To study the expression of GlyCAM-1 in the uterus of natural oestrus sheep. In order to provide support for the regulation of progesterone induced GlyCAM-1 expression in ovine uterus during estrous cycle. [Methods] The mRNA and protein expressions of GlyCAM-1 in 10th, 12th, 14th, and 18th days after the natural estrus in sheep were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting. [Results] Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that: between the sheep estrous after 10th to 18th days, the expression of GlyCAM-1 in uterine tissue showed a rise and then decline.On the 10th days after estrus,The GlyCAM-1 expression peak at the transcriptional level showed up, and significantly higher than the other 4 periods (P<0.05), the expression of 12th days GlyCAM-1 mRNA decreased significantly (P<0.05), the expression amount of 14th to 16th days remained relatively constant, the expression of GlyCAM-1 in 18th days mRNA again increased significantly (P<0.05), but the relative expression amount is still less than 10th days expression (P<0.05). Western Blotting test results show that: in the 10th to 18th days after estrus GlyCAM-1 protein expression in sheep endometrium was also showed first decreased and then increased, compared with the other 4 time points for 10th days the amount of rotein expression reached the peak (P<0.05), the GlyCAM-1 protein expression on 12th, 14th, 16 th days showed no significant change (P > 0.05), the expression of GlyCAM-1 protein was significantly higher in 18th days (P<0.05). The expression level of GlyCAM-1 is consistent with the level of transcription and translation. [Conclusion] the transcription and translation expression of GlyCAM-1 in the uterus tissue of spontaneous estrus sheep showed a downward trend after the embryo implantation. It is suggested that the expression of GlyCAM-1 in the uterus of estrous cycle may be supported by the regulation of progesterone induction.

  Analysis and Fitting of Growth Curves of Three Pigeon Cultivars 2018, 34 (11):  128-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030038 Abstract + ( 634 )   The objective was to study the growth and development rules of different varieties of pigeons. The growth curve of European pigeons, white Carnean pigeon and white king pigeon from 0 to 4 weeks old was analyzed and fitted with five kinds of nonlinear models (Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy, MMF(Morgan-Mercer-Flodin) and Weibull). The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight between the two pigeon breeds except the four-week-old pigeons, which were significantly lower than the European pigeons. The overall line of growth and development showed a consistent trend. Absolute yield of European pigeons was significantly higher than that of Carnean pigeon and white king pigeon, and the relative growth rate curves were basically in overlapping. The result shows that five models were well fitted for the growth curves with more than 0.9 degree of fitting, but the optimum fitting curve for the pigeons was Weibull with R2 was 1.000, and the optimum fitting curve for white card pigeon was MMF with R2 was 0.999. A fixed point of growth model has certain limitation, flexible inflection point of growth model has better applicability, Four-parameter growth curves is better than three-parameter growth curves, it is recommended to use four parameters growth curves with flexible inflection point to fit the pigeon growth curve. Inflection point data showed that the first week was the critical period of pigeon growth, so we need to strengthen feeding and management of the pigeon during this period.

  Wheat Biogas Residue: Its Volatile Compounds and Application 熊科胜,丁小玲,郭文杰 and 李吕木 2018, 34 (11):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120097 Abstract + ( 517 )   Analysis of volatile compounds in wheat biogas residue was conducted by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with HS-SPME/GC-MS, and the bases of stink were also analyzed. The results showed that the best extraction condition of solid- phase microextraction was using 65 μm PDMS/DVB extraction head for 30 minutes at 60℃. A total of 49 volatile compounds were isolated and identified in the untreated wheat biogas residue, including 3 alcohols, 3 acids, 7 esters, 18 hydrocarbons, 5 ketones and 13 heterocyclic compounds. The untreated residue contains 2-phenyl-1-propene, dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl tetrapsulfide and benzpyrole, which were the main reason for the stink. There were 40 volatile compounds in the residue feed which was from microbial fermentation of wheat bran and other nutrients, including 2 alcohols, 8 acids, 5 aldehydes, 9 esters, 10 hydrocarbons, 3 ketones and 3 heterocyclic compounds. Biogas residue contains a small amount of volatile harmful compounds, while the types and contents of harmful compounds in residue feed decreased significantly after fermentation. The results showed that the nitrogenous compounds were non-volatile in biogas residue and residue feed, which was beneficial to preservation and utilization of the residue feed.

  Remote Sensing Monitoring of Paddy Field Expansion in Fuyuan During 1990-2013 周皓月,刁利明 and 郑树峰 2018, 34 (11):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030108 Abstract + ( 468 )   To reveal the expansion pattern of paddy field in Fuyuan from 1990 to 2013, the expansion characteristics of paddy field and driving factors were analyzed by dynamic degree method, superposition analysis method and landscape centroid shift method. The information of paddy field in Fuyuan of 1990 and 2013 was extracted from the TM/OLI Landsat remote sensing image by a classification method based on the combination of object- oriented and artificial visual interpretation. The effects of both climatic factors and economic data were considered in the analysis. The results showed that the method based on the combination of object-oriented and artificial visual interpretation could accurately complete the extraction of paddy field information in Fuyuan, and the overall accuracy was above 85% . The area of paddy field in Fuyuan was 3193.81 km2 in 2013, which increased by 2977.67 km2 compared with that in 1990. The dynamic degree of land use was 7.17% , and the change rate was 129.46% . During the 24 years, wetland was dramatically transformed into paddy field, the area of wetland changed into paddy field was 1739.75 km2, which accounted for 58.15% of the total increase of paddy field. Spatially, the expansion of paddy field in Fuyuan showed a trend of northward and eastward expansion. The driven factors of paddy field expansion in Fuyuan from 1990 to 2013 were not only the accumulated temperature, precipitation and other natural factors, but also the increase of population, economic development, technology progress, policy adjustment and other human factors. This paper studied the expansion of paddy field in Fuyuan by remote sensing and provided the direction for the future development of agriculture in this region.

  Water-saving Irrigation Paddy Field: The Relationship Between Soil Moisture Content and the Thickness of Unsaturated Soil Layer Under Different Water Consumption Intensities 2018, 34 (11):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120086 Abstract + ( 697 )   To explore the possibility of guiding water-saving irrigation technique in paddy field based on the thickness of unsaturated soil layer, it is necessary to study the relationship between soil moisture content and the thickness of unsaturated soil. In this study, a pot experiment was carried out continuously for different water consumption intensities, and the quantitative relationship between soil moisture content and unsaturated soil thickness was established based on the real- time observation data of soil moisture content and the thickness of unsaturated soil. The results showed that: the thickness of unsaturated soil layer increased quicker as the water consumption intensity got larger and it took less time to reach the maximum. The soil moisture content decreased with time and was negatively correlated to the thickness of unsaturated soil layer. Then, a quadratic parabola relationship between soil moisture content and the thickness of unsaturated soil layer was established and showed that it was practical and feasible to use the thickness of unsaturated soil layer as the water control index to guide the irrigation. Finally, the relationship between soil moisture content and the thickness of soil unsaturated layer was applied to the practice of water-saving irrigation, and the minimum thickness of soil unsaturated layer corresponding to the minimum water content of guiding irrigation was found in different stages of rice growth under different consumption intensities in paddy field. The study could provide certain reference for water-saving management in paddy field in Heilongjiang, and a basis of the future calibration and simulation of the soil moisture content and water consumption in soil by using water movement model.

  Chilling Damage Monitoring on Early Rice Using CLDAS Data 2018, 34 (11):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090150 Abstract + ( 496 )   This study aims to realize real-time dynamic monitoring of rice chilling damage and improve the current situation of remote sensing application in southern region. Therefore, it can be a potential data source for intensive chilling damage monitoring of rice. In this paper, early rice chilling process happened in March 2011 is monitored using CLDAS temperature data combined with remote sensing rice planting information and refer to chilling damage monitoring indicators. The results show that: regional temperature change can be effectively expressed by CLDAS temperature data. Combining with the spatial distribution of rice cultivation, chilling damage area and grade of early rice could be accurately supervised. The precision of CLDAS temperature data is high with its error less than 0.5℃ compared to the measured temperature of the meteorological station. The bond of CLDAS data and remote sensing data can be a new and effective way for chilling damage monitoring of early rice.

  The Development Mechanism of Rural Industrial Integration: Exploration in Xingyi, Guizhou 许鹏宇 and 2018, 34 (11):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090119 Abstract + ( 525 )   As a new way to solve the current problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, industrial integration is still at an early stage of exploration. Based on the summary of a large number of researches on rural industrial integration at home and abroad, this study attempted to explore the mechanism of industrial integration in rural China, especially in poor areas through the method of anatomizing sparrows and the typical case of Xingyi City, Guizhou Province. The results showed that: in the practice of rural industry integration and development in Xingyi City: by means of multiple subjects training mechanism, commercial operation mechanism, interest-linked mechanism and safeguarding of employment mechanism, this study had explored the four integration modes of agriculture and animal husbandry industry, agriculture and forestry industry, green circular agriculture and tourism poverty alleviation and development. Under the analysis of the integration mechanism and mode of rural industry in Xingyi City, this study argues that the two major points of rural industrial integration are the cultivation of diversified integration entities and the construction of the mechanism of interest integration, which will promote the innovation of rural social governance in essence and form the endogenous motivation of rural development.