Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.13 Published:07 May 2018

  Nutrient Optimal Management Promotes the Construction of High-yield Population of Intercropping Wheat 2018, 34 (13):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100004 Abstract + ( 843 )   This study aims to explore how nutrient application influences population dynamic and yield of wheat in wheat/watermelon/maize intercropping system, and to provide a scientific basis for establishing high yield and high efficiency cropping system of the intercropping wheat. The current study is a single factor randomized block design of field experiment, and includes two fertilizer treatments: farmers conventional (Con) and nutrient optimal management (Opt). From the beginning of the re- greening stage, we monitored the dynamic changes of the tiller number, panicles number, and flower number of the intercropping wheat in both border rows and inner rows under the two fertilizer treatments. At the harvest stage, we collected the data of final biomass, yield and yield component. The results revealed that the nutrient optimal management significantly increased the number of effective tillers, the ears and the flowers of the intercropped wheat in the border rows and the inner rows, and augmented the proportion of the ear-bearing tiller and therefore the ear number per m2 area. At the same time, the nutrient optimal management enhanced the border-row advantage of the intercropping wheat and increased wheat yield by 11.8% and the harvest index by 16.7%, as compared with the farmer conventional management. It is concluded that in the wheat/watermelon/maize system, the optimal nutrient management regulates the interspecific interaction and increases the harvest index of the plants in the border rows, empowering the intercropping wheat to establish high- yield population, thus to improve the intercropping advantage.

  Effect of Controlled Release Urea and Zn/Mn Urea on Wheat Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Rate 2018, 34 (13):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030199 Abstract + ( 756 )   To screen the fertilizers suitable for Jiangsu wheat growth and increase fertilizer utilization rate, we used Xinlianxin controlled release urea, zinc urea and manganese urea to study their effects on wheat yield. The results showed that Xinlianxin controlled release urea and Mn urea were appropriate for wheat production in Jiangsu, the wheat yield increased by 7.32% and 4.27% compared with common urea, nitrogen utilizationrate reached 32.85% and 23.75%, respectively. However, the effects of Xinlianxin zinc urea and common urea with zinc treatment on wheat yield were poor. It was not suitable to apply zinc fertilizer to the soil with high zinc content. The results provide a theoretical basis for wheat production and promotion.

  Different Row Spacing Allocation: Effect on Anthesis Silking Interval and Yield of Maize 赵根友 and 2018, 34 (13):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040004 Abstract + ( 810 )   The aim is to provide a theory basis for the optimum row spacing allocation of major maize varieties in southeast Shanxi.‘Dafeng 30’was used as material in this study. Under the same density, the effects of different row spacing allocation on anthesis-silking interval (ASI), thousand grain weights, grain number per panicle, total panicle number and yield were analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficient of yield, thousand grain weights, grain number per panicle and total panicle number were below 5% under different row spacing allocation, while the ASI was between 4.33%-12.50%. There were significant differences of ASI, grain number per panicle and yield among different treatments, but the differences of thousand grain weights and total panicle number were not significant. Multiple comparisons showed that ASI was the shortest, the grain number per panicle was more, and the yield was the highest under the 40 cm×80 cm row spacing. Therefore, when planting‘Dafeng 30’in southeast Shanxi, using 40 cm×80 cm row spacing could obtain the shortest ASI and higher yield.

  Fertilization and Plastic Film Mulched Ridge-Furrow Cultivation: Effects on Water Consumption and Yield of Red Kidney Beans in Dryland 2018, 34 (13):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110058 Abstract + ( 1009 )   To investigate the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on the growth of kidney bean in cold and arid region, the authors studied the effects of fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation on water consumption characteristics, water use efficiency and yield of kidney bean in dryland by adopting the field test method. The results showed that: fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge- furrow cultivation significantly increased the yield compared with conventional fertilization during the abundant precipitation year with the pre-sowing moisture in good condition, the number of pods per plant was the key factor in increasing yield; the application of fertilizer could apparently increase the yield and improve the effect of WUE; the plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation could obviously reduce the consumption of soil water, so the effect of WUE by plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation was significantly improved. Water and nutrients were the key factors limiting crop growth in cold and arid region. Under the fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation, the interaction effect of water and fertilizer is significant which could greatly improve the yield and WUE.

  Telomere Length Detection of Ancient Tree Based on a Modified Southern Hybridization Assay Method 2018, 34 (13):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010104 Abstract + ( 876 )   Southern hybridization assay is reliable for detecting telomere length to predict plant age. However, secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, polysaccharides and terpenoids are rich in woody plants, which seriously affect the yield and quality of the extracted genomic DNA as well as subsequent results of enzyme digestion and hybridization. In this research, we modified the method of telomere length measuring by using 5 kinds of ancient trees collected from the Summer Palace in Beijing, on the basis of the conventional CTAB method, 2%-6% PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) was added to the DNA extracts of different tree species, which effectively removed the interference of secondary metabolites, therefore DNA could be digested completely by restriction enzyme HinfⅠ. At the same time, we also adjusted DNA content and the exposure time for the Southern hybridization assay, and detected telomere lengths of 3 kinds of trees. The results show that the average telomere length of ancient trees is longer than that of young trees. The improved Southern blotting assay is constructed and lays a foundation for predicting tree age related to telomere length.

  Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Almond CBF2 Gene 2018, 34 (13):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040017 Abstract + ( 648 )   The aims are to further study the function of CBF2 target protein, and investigate the molecular mechanism of cold resistance of CBF2 transcription factor in almond. The leaves of Xinjiang cultivated almond ‘Shuangruan’were used as materials. The CBF2 gene was cloned from the genomic DNA with PCR technique, and named AcCBF2. The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pET- AcCBF2 was constructed byinserting the DNA fragment into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+), and then transformed into E. coli Rosetta(DE3). The bioinformatics results showed that the open reading frame was 717 bp and encoded a protein of 238 amino acids, its molecular weight was 26.59 kD and isoeletctric point was 5.29. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that AcCBF2 had closest genetic relationship with the genes of almond CBF1, Prunus mira Koehne and Peach. The SDS-PAGE displayed that the weight of expressed proteins was 47 kD, which was consistent with the expected protein size. The optional induction condition of AcCBF2 gene in E. coli Rosetta was 4 h of induction in 0.2 mmol/L IPTG.

  Desmidiaceae Plant from Ili River Basin in Xinjiang: A Preliminary Study 2018, 34 (13):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110098 Abstract + ( 709 )   The paper aims to understand the distribution of Desmidiaceae species of the Ili river basin wetland in Xinjiang. We collected water samples in July 2017. By adopting a classical taxonomy method, five species and two varieties of Desmidiacea which belong to 5 genera are found, they are Closterium littorale, Pleurotaenium maximum, Micrasterias thomasiana var. notata, Cosmarium botrytis var. tumidum, Cosmarium margaritiferum, Cosmarium scutellum and Xanthidium octocorne. A detailed description of the characteristics of its taxonomy and habitat is given. The newly recorded plants enrich the resources of algae in Xinjiang.

  Research Progress of Forest Dynamic Succession Model 2018, 34 (13):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030177 Abstract + ( 684 )   The forest dynamic succession model is based on individual model and prediction, which is widely used in the study of long-term dynamic change of forests. It is an effective tool to study the response of forest ecosystem to climate change. The authors briefly introduced the theory of forest dynamics, analyzed the feasibility and necessity of applying the model to study the relationship between forest and climate under the background of global climate change, and analyzed the classification, development and evolution of forest dynamic succession model and the research value of the model. Based on the existing research results, the authors reviewed the research status of forest succession model, discussed relevant international research hotspots and frontier problems, pointed out future development direction of succession model, and looked forward to the future development trend of forest succession model. The results showed that the forest succession model under the background of global climate change was continuously optimized and upgraded, and had significant meaning on forest protection and forestry management. This paper could provide references for further research on forest ecosystem response to climate change, at the same time, provide global coping strategy for the protection and management of forest cosystem.

  Ecological Service Value of Arbor Tree Species in Zhengzhou 2018, 34 (13):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100007 Abstract + ( 577 )   The paper aims to explore the quantitative selection method of green tree species. Sixteen common tree species were selected as the research materials in Zhengzhou, the growth and value of carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil reinforcement and fertility maintenance, water conservation, nutrient accumulation and air purification of these tree species were calculated. Then cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to examine ecological service value. The results showed that Ginkgo biloba had the highest carbon sequestration content, followed by Platanus acerifolia, Fraxinus chinensis, Sophora japonica, Eriobotrya japonica; Koelreuteria bipinnata, Ligustrum lucidum, Cedrus deodara, Sabina chinensis and Platycladus orientalis had the lowest ecological service value; the other trees had medium ecological service value. The tree species with higher ecological service value are recommended for afforestation in Zhengzhou.

  Genetic Transformation of NP24 Gene in Tomato 2018, 34 (13):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110012 Abstract + ( 784 )   The study aims at improving the disease resistance of tomato varieties by inducing haumatin-like proteins gene NP24 into tomato. Through the identification of disease resistance and the activity of defensive enzyme of‘Jingle 502’,‘Naiyun 2000’and‘Bolgogragsky’, the weakest disease- resistance variety ‘Bolgogragsky’was selected to transform the NP24 gene with the Agrobacterium- mediated method. The disease index of‘Bolgogragsky’,‘Naiyun 2000’and‘Jingle 502’after 7 days of Phytophthora infestans inoculation was 81.7, 48.7 and 16.0, respectively. The activity of POD enzyme in‘Bolgogragsky’reached the peak on the first day, while that of‘Naiyun 2000’and‘Jingle 502’peaked on the 5th day, but‘Jingle 502’ had consistently higher enzyme activity than that of the other two varieties. The activity of PAL enzyme increased first and then decreased,‘Jingle 502’showed the fastest increase and the slowest decrease. ‘Bolgogragsky’showed the lowest increase and the fastest decrease. The activity of SOD enzyme in‘Jingle 502’increased on the 0-5th day and then decreased, but the activity of SOD enzyme in‘Bolgogragsky’and ‘Naiyun 2000’significantly decreased on the first day after inoculation, and displayed an increase with fluctuation on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day. The results indicated that after inoculation of Phytophthora infestans, the enzyme activities of POD and PAL in the three tomato varieties were higher than that of the control, and the enzyme activity had a negative correlation with the disease index; nevertheless, the enzyme activity of SOD in treated groups was lower than that of the control. Moreover, PCR analysis approved that NP24 gene had been transformed into the tomato genome of‘Bolgogragsky’

  Effects of CO2 Concentrations on Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato 2018, 34 (13):  64-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030201 Abstract + ( 620 )   The paper aims to provide targeted agricultural meteorological services to guiding the facility agriculture production. We studied the effect of different concentrations of carbon dioxide on greenhouse tomato growth and development, with‘Meihong 2’tomato as the experimental material, by comparison with the tomato under natural environment CO2 concentration in greenhouse. After two years of experiment, the results showed that the increase of CO2 could promote the growth and development of tomato, and the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, fruit number and yield were increased. The effect of increasing CO2 concentration by 1200 mg/kg was better than that by 700 mg/kg. It is suggested that CO2 enrichment in solar greenhouse can promote the photosynthesis of tomato, and is beneficial to its growth and yield.

  Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Pepper Seeds Under Waterlogging Stress 2018, 34 (13):  68-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040163 Abstract + ( 674 )   The paper aims to promote the breeding of waterlogging resistant pepper varieties, and to solve the flooding problems of pepper in the production，to study the effects of flooding stress on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of pepper seeds, and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of waterlogging resistant pepper varieties. In this paper the author studied three hot pepper species ‘S15’, ‘A46’ and ‘A77’, which waterlogging sensitivity is low, medium and high in production. Their seeds were under waterlogging respectively for 0 h, 10 h, 5 d, 10 d, 15 d and 20 d. The investigations were carried out on the changes of SOD, POD, CAT and GR activities, proline and soluble sugar contents, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical contents of the three, and their germination potential and germination rate after different waterlogging stress were also studied. The study found that different waterlogging sensitivity pepper seeds had different response to waterlogging. In the case of severe waterlogging stress, ‘S15’ had the lowest hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion content, the highest content of Pro and soluble sugar and the highest glutathione reductase activity. ‘A77’ had the lowest soluble sugar content, the lowest activity of SOD and CAT, but highest hydroxyl radical content. Waterlogging treatment for 5 days could be used as the best time for waterlogging identification of simulated flood stress. After comprehensive evaluation, different pepper seeds showed the same waterlogging resistance with the actual. The correlation analysis of physiological and biochemical indexes showed that there were no remarkable correlation between each index; all indexes could be used to evaluate the resistance of cultivars under waterlogging stress.

  Development of EST-SSR Markers and Universality Analysis of Wild Type Prunus cerasifera in Xinjiang 2018, 34 (13):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040016 Abstract + ( 505 )   The primers were designed and screened by EST-SSR molecular marker technique, and the transferability of the primers was verified, which provided technical support for the protection of wild Prunus divaricata Ldb resources. In this text, the EST sequences of Prunus divaricata Ldb were obtained from NCBI, SSR motifs were screened by using SSRHunter l.3 software from these sequences, and thirty specific primers were designed with the software Primer 6.0.The results showed that 20 pairs of primers could amplify specific bands, and the effective amplification rate was 66.67%,9 pairs of primers can amplify the polymorphic bands, the polymorphism was 45%.Using 20 pairs of effective primers in Prunus domestica L. and Cerasus tianschanica , all of them have good transferability, and the transferability of the congener plant was significantly higher than the coordinal plant, indicating that the general level of primitive depends on the differences of genome.

  Effects of Environmental Factors on Plant Species Diversity: Research Progress 2018, 34 (13):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030202 Abstract + ( 922 )   Plant species diversity dynamic regulation is one of the hotspots of modern ecology research, and its spatial distribution pattern is interfered by many environmental factors. Due to the complex relationship between different environmental factors and their coupling with plant communities, and the response of environmental factors to climate change has been a hot topic in the field of global change science. In order to understand the influence of environmental factors on plant species diversity, this paper reviews the recent research results at home and abroad. We analyzed the effects of environmental factors on species diversity from topographic factors (elevation, slope grade, slope aspect, slope position), soil factors (soil thickness, content of nitrogen, phosphorus, pH value) and meteorological factors (light, temperature, moisture), and provide the corresponding reference data for the scientific evaluation of the response of species diversity to environmental factors.

  Ecological Reconstruction Mode of Unstable Subsidence Mining Subsidence District 2018, 34 (13):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050033 Abstract + ( 530 )   Based on the effects of surface collapse on ecological environment in Huainan unstable subsidence mining subsidence district, the study aims to explore the sufficient, scientific and reasonable use of land and water resource in this area. The authors combined ecological reconstruction with environment restoration and agriculture development, investigated the surface collapse and treatment status, proposed the principles of ecological restoration in mining subsidence district, explored the construction mode of ecological restoration, ecological agriculture and ecological landscape, optimized the coupling of ecological environment reconstruction with agricultural development and ecology landscape, thus to enhance ecological function and provide demonstration for ecological restoration in Anhui as well as the whole country.

  Natural Colonized Plants on Alum Mining Tailings: An Investigation 2018, 34 (13):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080027 Abstract + ( 476 )   The aim of the study is to carry out phytoremediation for the alum mining tailings better. We studied the community characteristics of the natural colonized plants in alum mine, tested the contents of K, Al, S of the plants, analyzed the enrichment coefficient of K, Al, S by ANOVA. The results showed that the habitat on alum mining tailings was very adverse. Without manual intervention, there were only a few species capable of growing in it, only 9 families, 12 genera, 13 species were investigated. The plant community structure was relatively simple, the mean species number was only 1.86, and average coverage was 23.67%. The study also found that Clerodendron cyrtophyllum, Ischaemum indicum, Imperata cylindrica and Yucca flaccida were hyperaccumulators in K, Clerodendron cyrtophyllum was also hyperaccumulators in Al. These results will help to guide the selection of acclimation pioneer plants of ecological restoration in the alum mining tailings.

  Dalinur National Wetland Nature Reserve in 3 Periods: Land Use Dynamics 包玉海 2018, 34 (13):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120013 Abstract + ( 580 )   The land use change of inland wetland in arid area of Mongolian plateau is remarkably influenced by warm-dry climate and human activities, so grasping the land use change in wetland in time could provide reference for the management of land resources in wetland nature reserve. Based on the data of Landsat-TM/ OLI remote sensing image of Dalinur National Nature Reserve in 1994, 2005 and 2016, the authors analyzed dynamically the land use change by using decision tree classification, transfer matrix and the dynamic degree. The results showed that: the accuracy of classification of land use types was overall higher, and the land use types in the research area mainly included grassland, forests and lakes, and the proportion of marsh, sandy, mudflat and bare place was small. From 1994 to 2005, 238.93 km2 features changed, which accounted for 18.81% of the total area, among them, the forest and the grassland increased by 19.25% and 10.94% , respectively, the sandy land and the bare land decreased by 66.63% and 47.19%, respectively. From 2005 to 2016, 191.72 km2 features changed, accounting for 15.09% of the total area, among them, the sandy and the The land use change of inland wetland in arid area of Mongolian plateau is remarkably influenced by warm-dry climate and human activities, so grasping the land use change in wetland in time could provide reference for the management of land resources in wetland nature reserve. Based on the data of Landsat-TM/ OLI remote sensing image of Dalinur National Nature Reserve in 1994, 2005 and 2016, the authors analyzed dynamically the land use change by using decision tree classification, transfer matrix and the dynamic degree. The results showed that: the accuracy of classification of land use types was overall higher, and the land use types in the research area mainly included grassland, forests and lakes, and the proportion of marsh, sandy, mudflat and bare place was small. From 1994 to 2005, 238.93 km2 features changed, which accounted for 18.81% of the total area, among them, the forest and the grassland increased by 19.25% and 10.94% , respectively, the sandy land and the bare land decreased by 66.63% and 47.19%, respectively. From 2005 to 2016, 191.72 km2 features changed, accounting for 15.09% of the total area, among them, the sandy and the

  Relationship Between Soil Organic Carbon and Enzyme Activity in Rain-fed Field Under Different Tillage Methods 2018, 34 (13):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040030 Abstract + ( 566 )   To clarify different tillage on soil organic carbon and soil enzymes activity relationship, this study analyzes?three kinds of tillage methods with trends and correlations: shallow pine (QS), light spin (QX) and subsoiling (SS), and?traditional tillage (CT) as the control.?The result shows: With the soil organic carbon content increase, soil enzyme activity also increases. After using different tillage methods, soil catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activity and organic carbon content greater than CT. Compared with CT, different tillage systems also significantly improve yield of oats, and the highest increased rate is 92.18%. There was a significant positive correlation between catalase, invertase activity and urease activity during oat growing season. Therefore, QS, QX and SS are suitable for soil organic carbon content accumulation, yield improvement, and soil enzyme activities increase under drought farmland condition.

  Effect of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Carbon and Nitrogen in Yellow-cinnamon Soil 2018, 34 (13):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010009 Abstract + ( 711 )   The combination effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were studied to reduce the barriers of roductivity and establish a reasonable fertilization system on yellow-cinnamon soil. Under the condition of equal nitrogen, filed experiments were designed as: no fertilizer (CK), biochar (B), NPK fertilizers (NPK), biochar + NPK fertilizers (NPK+B), organic fertilizer + NPK fertilizers (NPK+M), biochar + organic fertilizer + NPK fertilizers (NPK+B+M). The soil enzyme activities, the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and some properties of soil, yield of wheat were measured by chloroform fumigation- K2SO4 lixiviating method and conventional analysis, respectively. The results showed that both biochar and organic fertilizer increased soil urease activity and enhanced microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The treatment NPK+M+B was the best of the all. Organic fertilizer improved β-glucosidase activity while biochar inhibited β-glucosidase activity. The MBC, MBN, soil urease activity and β- glucosidase activity were positively related to the yield significantly. The chemical fertilizer application combined with biochar and organic fertilizer is an optimal way to improve soil enzyme activities in the research.

  The Effect of Heavy Metal Lead and Cadmium on the Growth and Their Accumulation in Sweet Sorghum 2018, 34 (13):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050042 Abstract + ( 540 )   To provide a theoretical support for the planting of sweet sorghum in heavy metal polluted soil, a soil pot experiment was conducted to observe the growth responses, accumulation and transfer characteristics of sweet sorghum variety ‘( Liaotian No.1’) under different concentrations of lead and cadmium. The results showed that low concentration of Pb (≤100 mg/kg) and Cd (≤ 1 mg/kg) treatment promoted the growth of sweet sorghum, high concentration of Pb (≥ 1000 mg/kg) and Cd (≥ 10 mg/kg) treatment presented an inhibitory effect and the root length, plant height, spike length and biomass were significantly reduced. The heavy metal contents in various parts of sweet sorghum increased with the increase of Pb and Cd concentration in soil, and Cd was accumulated in an order as root＞stem＞leaf＞spike and Pb accumulation order was root＞leaf＞ stem＞spike, the enrichment coefficient and transport coefficient of Cd in sweet sorghum were significantly higher than those of Pb. It is concluded that under Pb and Cd stress, the sweet sorghum variety‘Liaotian No.1’ has high resistance, good capacity of absorption and accumulation as well as good transfer ability，and has certain potential value to remediate Pb and Cd single or combined contaminated soil.

  Climatic Suitability Model for Potato in Wulanchabu 2018, 34 (13):  126-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030213 Abstract + ( 490 )   The paper aims to quantitatively describe the suitability of the climate conditions for the growth and development of potato in full growth period. Based on the potato observation data and meteorological data in Wulanchabu of Inner Mongolia, the authors constructed the climate suitability model at 10 days scale by using polynomial fitting method, and established the climate suitability dynamic evaluation index during potato growth process in Wulanchabu, and analyzed the correlation of climate suitability with plant height and yield. The results showed that: there was a significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) between the climate suitability and the plant height and yield; the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.2881 (57 digital samples) of climate suitability and plant height, was 0.3633 (32. digital sample) of climate suitability and yield. The model of climate suitability at 10 days scale can more finely describe the continuous change process of climatic suitability of potato.

  Harvest Patterns Forecasting Method of Tea Yield: In Laoshan Mountain of Qingdao 2018, 34 (13):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070124 Abstract + ( 592 )   The authors studied the effect of meteorological factors on the harvest patterns of tea yield in Laoshan, Qingdao in order to determine the primary agro-meteorological hazard indicators causing the disaster year of tea yield in Laoshan. Based on the tea yield data and corresponding meteorological data in Laoshan from 1994 to 2016, by using SPSS 22.0, we conducted independent sample T test, crosstab analysis and x2 test. The meteorological factors having significant effect on the harvest patterns of tea yield were screened first, and then an agro-meteorological prediction model of the harvest patterns of tea yield in Laoshan was built by binary logistic regression analysis. Using the established model to forecast the tea yield data during 1994- 2013, the accuracy rate of“non-disaster years”and“disaster years”was 92.6% and 83.3%, respectively; the prediction accuracy rate of“non-disaster years”during 2014-2015 was 100% and that of“disaster years ”in 2016 was 96.7%. The results indicated that: the cause of“disaster years”of tea yield reduction in Laoshan was that the daily lowest temperature was below -10℃ for 2 consecutive days in winter. The strong cold wave in winter might cause dramatic drop in temperature; when the lowest temperature was below - 10℃ for 2 consecutive days, the soil in tea garden in Laoshan became frozen and the water movement and rise in soil were encumbered. In such a case, the cells in vivo of tea tree were frozen and suffered from physiological cold damage and even died, these resulted in tea yield reduction. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the development of meteorological service and disaster prevention and mitigation for tea production in Laoshan.

  The Classification and Analysis of Disastrous Weather Affecting the Yield and Quality of Anji White Tea 2018, 34 (13):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010146 Abstract + ( 716 )   Meteorological condition is the main environmental factor affecting the growth and development of tea plant, and the difference of early spring climatic condition has a great influence on the production and yield of Anji white tea. The classification of the disastrous weather affecting the growth, yield and quality of Anji white tea was carried out by using the agricultural survey data in tea growing period and the climatic data from 2006 to 2017. 3 types of high influence weather were summarized respectively, which were cold air influence type, strong convective wind influence type and temperature first low and later high type, and 3 typical weather processes were selected to analyze the influence on the yield and quality of white tea from the synoptic situation, climatic condition, disaster investigation. The results showed that: the intensity, influence time and influence pattern of cold air in late winter and early spring had an important effect on the growth, yield and quality of Anji white tea. Fuyang eteorological observation station of Anhui which was selected as cold air indicator station, had obvious temperature change about 12 hours earlier than Huzhou meteorological observation station of Zhejiang. According to the temperature index, Huzhou meteorological bureau could release early warning information, guide tea farmers to arrange production rationally to reduce the losses. As a result, prevention measures should be taken according to different weather types to guide practical production, at the same time, the results also provide technical support for agricultural meteorology technicians to improve the pertinence and specialization of meteorological services.

  Sugarcane Leaf Scald Disease Found in Guangxi Sugarcane Region 2018, 34 (13):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040025 Abstract + ( 704 )   The aim is to identify the pathogen of suspected sugarcane leaf scald plants observed in Beihai, Laibin, and Baise in Guangxi Province in 2016. The PCR detection with the specific primers XAF1/XAR1 of Xanthomonas allbilineans was performed on 62 suspected leaf scald samples collected from the three areas. The identification results showed that the 600 bp specific fragment was amplified in all 62 suspected leaf scald samples, and all nucleotide sequences from this study were identical, 608 bp in length (GenBank accession numbers: KY315183-KY315203), shared 100% sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence of raxB1 gene of X. allbilineans (GenBank accession number: FP565176), and they clustered in the same branch in the phylogenetic tree. The field surveys showed that sugarcane cultivar‘Guitang46’and‘Guitang06-2081’were highly susceptible to leaf scald, the disease incidences were 18%-50%, and even reached 100% in seriously infected fields. The whole leaves blighted in severe infected plants, the node of stem sent forth many lateral buds, and the leaves in lateral buds had white stripes, and sharply caused the reduction of yield and sugar. In this study, we found that sugarcane leaf scald disease was caused by X. albilineans in Guangxi sugarcane region.

  Trichogramma japonicum Based on 2 Kinds of Intermediate Hosts: Life Table Producing and Analysis 2018, 34 (13):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010129 Abstract + ( 623 )   The paper aims to find the suitable intermediate hosts of breeding Trichogramma japonicum (Ashmead), the authors draw up the life table of T. japonicum, compared and analyzed it’s reproductive parameters, and evaluated the suitability of T. japonicum to the two intermediate hosts which were eggs of the Plutela xylostella (L.) and Spodoptera exigua (Hǜbner). The results showed that: the reproductive parameters such as net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic increase rate (rm), finite increase rate (λ) and mean generation time (T) of T. japonicum on the eggs of P. xylostella were 6.12, 0.1996, 1.2210 and 9.0728，respectively. Whereas those parameters on the egg of S. exigua were 10.58, 0.2573, 1.2934 and 9.1678. The reproductive parameters on the egg of S. exigua were better than that on the egg of P. xylostella. Thus, the eggs of S. exigua is more suitable host for that of T. japonicum.

  Eotetranychus kankitus (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Its Natural Enemies: The Occurrence Characteristics in Tea Plantation 2018, 34 (13):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120036 Abstract + ( 575 )   The paper aims to clarify the occurrence regularity of Eotetranychus kankitus (Ehara) and its natural enemies in tea plantations, and provide reference for the prevention and control of the pest mites. A one-year systematic investigation was conducted on Eotetranychus kankitus in Chongqing tea plantation, and the predation function of predator mites was determined. The results showed that the population of E. kankitus was less than that of Polyphagotarsonemus latus in tea garden, but E. kankitus mainly occurred in April to May and caused more serious damage to the tea industry. In tea plantation, there were two predatory mites, Neoseiulus barkeri and Euseius nicholsi, and E. nicholsi was the dominant natural enemy in the peak occurrence period of E. kankitus, and showed an obvious following phenomenon. The result of indoor measurement was that the predation function of E. nicholsi to E. kankitus was the Holling Ⅱ type. The minimum time required for E. nicholsi feeding larva and nymph mite was 1.08 h and the maximum intake was 55 mites per day.

  The Gray Correlation Analysis for the Factors Affecting Grain Yield in Jiangsu Province 2018, 34 (13):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040013 Abstract + ( 543 )   In order to find out the influencing factors of grain production fluctuation in Jiangsu Province, and to speed up the structural reform of grain supply side, the grain production of Jiangsu Province from 1999 to 2015 was divided into two periods according to the characteristics of grain yield in Jiangsu Province. The dynamic analysis of 10 influencing factors in these two periods was performed using the method of gray correlation analysis. The results revealed that grain planting area was the most important factor affecting the grain yield in Jiangsu Province. The effective irrigated area and total power of agricultural machinery had experienced the change from weak to strong. The agricultural expenditure ratio was important, although its pulling effect was weakened. A large number of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have a great effect on the grain yield, and there is a big increase in utilization rate. On the macro level, the impact of science and technology on grain production is increasing, followed by policy and natural factors. In order to increase the grain output of Jiangsu Province，it is suggested that more efforts should be put to stabilize the planting area of grain crops，improve the level of agricultural science and technology, actively develop green food production, and increase the financial input to agriculture.