Abstract: To study the effect of turning over Astragalus sinicus into the field combined with reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers on soil fertility, rice yield and economic benefits in Huangchuan County, we used the field plot and set up six treatments, CK (no Astragalus sinicus and no chemical fertilizer), only local conventional fertilization (no Astragalus sinicus), only Astragalus sinicus (no chemical fertilizer), turning over Astragalus sinicus into the field with 100%, 80%, 60% of local conventional fertilization. By rice cultivation for two consecutive years, we selected the optimum ratio of chemical fertilizer to Astragalus sinicus straw fertilizer. The results showed that: taking Huangsigang Experimental Point as an example, the incorporation of Astragalus sinicus with different amounts of chemical fertilizers significantly reduced the soil bulk density (P<0.05). Compared with that of CK, the soil bulk density decreased by 12.86%-30.65%. Turning over Astragalus sinicus into the field with 100% conventional fertilization could significantly increase the soil available phosphorus, total phosphorus, slowly available potassium, total potassium and CEC value, they respectively increased by 44.39% , 155.92% , 35.50% , 16.54% and14.61% , compare with that of CK. Meanwhile, the combined application had a clear effect on promoting plant height, panicle length, spike numbers, spikelets per panicle and filled grain number per panicle, the range of increase was 12.20%-16.78%, 2.67%-6.82%, 30.09%-54.57%, 2.76%-20.77% and 4.54%-38.00%, respectively.