Abstract: To understand the NPK absorption rule of rape in Sichuan and the fertilizer utilization efficiency under conventional fertilization, a field experiment was conducted with conventional fertilization (C1) and nonfertilization (CK) to study the regularity of NPK requirement in different growth periods and fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient harvest index under local conventional fertilization in Zhongjiang and Deyang. The results showed that 120-200 days after rape transplanting was a period of big demand for nutrients, but at this point, the available N, P and K contents in soil of C1 were closed to that of CK, the nutrients of fertilizer were basically released before 120 days, the growth of rape relied only on nutrients in soil, which affected the yield and quality. The average contribution rate of fertilizer to rape in Zhongjiang and Deyang was 39.45% and 25.86%, respectively, C1 treatment promoted photosynthate transfer to grain, but did not reach the significant level compared with CK treatment. Therefore, the way of fertilization or the selection of fertilizer type for rape planting in Sichuan needs to be further improved.