Abstract: The paper aims to study anthocyanin component characteristics in Orychophragonus violaceus. Petal pigment type was identified by characteristic color reaction, and the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins in threeO. violaceus materials. The results suggested that colored carotenoids were not detected in petals of all cultivars, and blue purple and pink petals contained anthocyanins in petals. Blue purple petals contained the highest anthocyanin content, followed by pink petals. A total of seven anthocyanin components were detected in petals of three cultivars, including cyanidin 3- rutinosid, malvidin 3,5- glucoside, cyanidin 3- coumaroylglucoside- 5- glucoside, cyanidin- 3- p - coumaroyldiglucoside- 5- glucoside, cyanidin 3- feruloylglucoside- 5- malonylglucoside, cyanidin 3-coumarylsophoroside- 5- malonylglucoside, and cyanidin 3- (6′- malonylglucoside- 2′- (6′′- coumaryl- 2′′- hydroxybenzoylglucoside))-5-malonylglucoside. Pink petals contained only cyanidin derivated anthocyanins while blue purple petals contained majorly cyanidin derivated anthocyanins and some malvidin derivated anthocyanins. This paper provides a reference for the identification of molecular structure of anthocyanins and the molecular breeding of flower color in O. violaceus.