Abstract: [Objective] The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of peasant cooperatives in small watershed of poor mountainous area are analyzed. [Method] To start with, 204 peasant cooperatives in four townships of Qingzhang River in Zuoquan County are classified according to the industry status. On the basis of classification, the distribution regularities of all kinds of cooperatives are analysis using spatial analyst tools of Arcgis10.0 software, then explore the dominant factors of distribution using geo-detector model. [Result]Peasant cooperatives in Qingzhang River are mainly divided into five types of forestry, farming, breeding, planting and breeding, service according to the industry status. In terms of scale, farmers Cooperatives with forestry walnut planting are most widely distributed. In respect of influence factor, the dominant factor of forestry is the area of rural forest land, with the determining factor q value 0.316; the dominant factor of farming is the area of rural cultivated land, with the determining factor q value 0.222; the dominant factor of breeding and service is the area of rural residential area, with the determining factor q value 0.268 and 0.273; the dominant factor of planting and breeding is the rural road network, with the determining factor q value 0.258; [Conclusion] The scale of farmer specialized cooperatives in small watershed of poor mountainous area are small and primary; The spatial distribution of the five types of cooperatives shows certain regularity, exist regional differentiation phenomenon; There are differences in the dominant factors affecting the regional differentiation of peasant cooperatives.