Abstract: Abstract： The paper aims to study the temporal and spatial distribution of natural precipitation deficit in wheat growing period in Yunnan area, and provide technique support for drought disaster prevention and water-saving irrigation. Calling 45-year meteorological data of 115 counties from Yunnan Province from 1972 to 2016, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of wheat water requirement and precipitation deficit is analyzed by calculating Penman-Monteith formula.The result indicates that: the inter-annual variability of precipitation of wheat growth period was large and the water requirement is on a rise trend. The average precipitation was 136.4 mm and the average water requirement was 290.9 mm. Years of severe water shortage reached 21% in 87% of these 45 year. At the jointing-booting water requirement key period and heading-blooming stage critical water requirement period, the precipitation deficit rate was high as the wheat was in a severe water shortage. The spatial distribution has shown that the proportion of the 115 wheat planting counties which had a precipitation deficit rate greater than 50% reached 87.1%. Furthermore, the rate of more than 70% accounted for up to 35.3%.