Abstract: To select the appropriate improvement measure for the growth of oats and the increase of yield and efficiency on saline-alkali land, the authors studied the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oats in saline alkali soil, which were affected by eight treatments, including traditional management (A), straw decayed returned (AF), 750 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (B), straw decayed returned and 750 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (BF), 1500 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (C), straw decayed returned and 1500 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (CF), 2250 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (D) and straw decayed returned and 2250 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (DF). The results showed that the bacterial manure and straw decayed returned were all beneficial to the growth of oat in saline alkali land. Treatment CF was the best one, which had the highest plant height, root length, root vigor,Gs ,Tr ,Pn ,Ci andSPAD compared with those of others. What is more, treatment CF had the highest grain yield, fresh yield and hay yield, which was 3530, 30910 and 6521 kg/hm2, respectively, and 31.23%-129.22%, 10.47%-102.69% and 8.73%-109.10% higher than those of other treatments. The best application amount of bacterial manure was 750 kg/hm2 without rotten straw. To sum up, straw decayed returned and 1500 kg/hm2 bacterial manure is the best way to improve saline-alkali land.