Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.15 Published:29 May 2018

  Breeding and Characteristics Analysis of New Wheat Variety‘Taishan 28’ 王瑞霞,米勇,牟秋焕,王超,,, and 2018, 34 (15):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080035 Abstract + ( 1899 )   In order to breed the new wheat variety with high yield, stable yield, stress tolerance characteristics , which are suitable for planting in Shandong Province, new varieties of wheat ''Taishan 28'' was bred by the pedigree method, using ''3262'' as the female parent, ''Wan wheat 38'' for the male parent for sexual hybridization. It was approved by the Shandong Provincial Variety Approval Committee in November 2013. Through multi - year experiment and provincial experiment, the results showed that the cultivars showed such characteristics as high yield, stable yield, resistance to disease, high resistance, high quality and wide adaptability. Four methods were used in the breeding process, including the method of combinatorial hybridization, the method of combination classification and identification, the method of combining identification and multi - point identification, and the combination of agronomic traits and physiological traits. Its breeding practices and ideas may provide a reference for the majority of wheat breeders.

  Water Use Efficiency and Quality of Winter Wheat in East Shandong 2018, 34 (15):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040143 Abstract + ( 829 )   This study aims to explore the effect of variety, irrigation mode, sowing date, sowing amount and nitrogen fertilizer application amount on water use efficiency and quality of wheat, and further clarify the influence of internal and external conditions on wheat water use efficiency and quality, and provide a basis for high water and fertilizer use efficiency. A field experiment of 5 factors and 4 levels was conducted with orthogonal optimization design. The results showed that: (1) the factors affecting water use efficiency followed the order of irrigation mode＞ sowing quantity＞ variety＞ sowing date＞ nitrogen fertilizer application amount, and water use efficiency of only jointing water treatment was higher than that of other treatments; (2) variety was the key factor affecting grain protein content, followed by nitrogen fertilizer application amount and irrigation mode, and the effect of sowing date and sowing amount was not obvious; (3) variety was the main factor affecting wet gluten content, and the wet gluten content of‘Yannong 19’was the highest, wet gluten content increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount and irrigation times. The biggest impact factor on water use efficiency was irrigation mode, and variety was the most important factor affecting quality. The results lay a foundation for selecting suitable high water use efficiency pattern.

  Breeding of High-protein Spring Soybean‘Pudou No.6’and Its High and Steady Yield Characteristics 2018, 34 (15):  11-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070102 Abstract + ( 911 )   To accelerate the development of high- protein soybean in Fujian Province, and meet our own market demand, a new high-protein spring soybean variety‘Pudou No.6’was bred from the crossing between ‘Yuechun 04- 5’and‘Quandou No.7’with pedigree selection. It was approved and released by Fujian Provincial Committee of Crop Variety Identification in April, 2017. According to the collected data of Fujian provincial grain soybean regional trials during 2014- 2016, the authors analyzed high and stable yield characteristics of‘Pudou NO.6’. The results showed that the average yield of‘Pudou No.6’was 2065.8 kg/hm2, and increased by 6.55% compared with that of‘Fudou 234’, the variety had high-steady yield and extensive adaptability, and was suitable for being cultivated in spring soybean planting region of Fujian Province.

  Plant Growth Regulators Affecting Yield and Quality of Potato: Research Progress 赵宏亮,李琬 and 杨纯杰 2018, 34 (15):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040108 Abstract + ( 1090 )   Plant growth regulators can regulate several physiological processes of potato, such as physiological metabolism, yield formation and quality improvement. The authors summarized domestic and foreign research results, reviewed the effect of plant growth regulators on potato, introduced in detail the regulation effect on yield and nutritional quality. Based on the application of plant growth regulators to potato, the authors proposed future research direction and discussed the development tendency in this field in China.

  Effect of Different Improvement Measures on Morphology, Physiology and Yield of Oat in Saline-alkali Land 2018, 34 (15):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040041 Abstract + ( 733 )   To select the appropriate improvement measure for the growth of oats and the increase of yield and efficiency on saline-alkali land, the authors studied the morphology, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oats in saline alkali soil, which were affected by eight treatments, including traditional management (A), straw decayed returned (AF), 750 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (B), straw decayed returned and 750 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (BF), 1500 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (C), straw decayed returned and 1500 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (CF), 2250 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (D) and straw decayed returned and 2250 kg/hm2 bacterial manure (DF). The results showed that the bacterial manure and straw decayed returned were all beneficial to the growth of oat in saline alkali land. Treatment CF was the best one, which had the highest plant height, root length, root vigor,Gs ,Tr ,Pn ,Ci andSPAD compared with those of others. What is more, treatment CF had the highest grain yield, fresh yield and hay yield, which was 3530, 30910 and 6521 kg/hm2, respectively, and 31.23%-129.22%, 10.47%-102.69% and 8.73%-109.10% higher than those of other treatments. The best application amount of bacterial manure was 750 kg/hm2 without rotten straw. To sum up, straw decayed returned and 1500 kg/hm2 bacterial manure is the best way to improve saline-alkali land.

  Phosphogypsum and Organic Fertilizer: Effects on Yield and Leaf Physiological Characteristics of Broomcorn Millet in Saline-alkali Soil 2018, 34 (15):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010115 Abstract + ( 690 )   In order to explore the effects of phosphogypsum and organic fertilizer on yield and leaf physiological characteristics of broomcorn millet in saline alkali soil, this study with the ‘Nianfeng 5’ and ‘Neimi 8’ as the experimental materials, under the field condition set up four treatments, including phosphogypsum (60 t/hm2), organic fertilizer (187.50 t/hm2) and phosphogypsum mixed organic fertilizer (60 t/hm2 phosphogypsum + 187.50 t /hm2 organic fertilizer), and the saline-alkali soil was not improved as a control. The results showed that the regulation effect of phosphogypsum mixed with organic fertilizer on leaf sugar accumulation of two broomcorn millet varieties were different. Compared with other two treatments, leaf sucrose content and soluble sugar content of ‘Nianfeng 5’ under the mixed treatment were higher on 14d after flowering, but leaf sucrose content and soluble sugar content of ‘Neimi 8’ were higher on 21d after flowering. Leaf starch content of organic fertilizer and mixed treatments in the whole test period was lower than that of phosphogypsum treatment in ‘Nianfeng 5’. However, leaf starch content from 7d to 21d after flowering was the highest, after that it was the lowest under phosphogypsum treatment in ‘Neimi 8’. Leaf soluble protein content was highest in ‘Nianfeng 5’ under mixed treatments and in ‘Neimi 8’ under organic fertilizer on 42d after flowering. The three amelioration treatments were able to increase the yield of broomcorn millet, and the increased effect of mixed treatment was better than that of phosphogypsum and organic fertilizer treatments.

  Changes of physical properties of flue-cured tobacco of different years in Ankang tobacco growing area 2018, 34 (15):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040169 Abstract + ( 717 )   To explore the change regularity of physical properties of flue-cured tobacco of different years from Ankang tobacco growing area, physical properties of different parts of flue-cured tobacco from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed. Results showed that there were differences in physical properties by years, stem ratio of lower leaves rose in 2014-2015 and declined in 2016. Stem ratio of middle leaves was high except in 2013 and 2016. Stem ratio of upper leaves declined from 2011 to 2013, and then rose year by year till 2015, and declined again in 2016. There were no significant changes in single leaf weight of lower leaves from 2011 to 2016, but single leaf weight of middle leaves significantly increased in 2016. Single leaf weight of upper leaves in 2011 and 2016 was higher than those in other years. Unit leaf area weight of lower leaves rose year by year, unit leaf area weight of middle leaves rose year by year from 2011 to 2013, and then declined slowly till 2015, and rose again in 2016. Unit leaf area weight of upper leaves rose from 2011 to 2012, and then declined year by year till 2015, and rose again in 2016. There were no significant changes in leaf width-length ratio of lower leaves from 2011 to 2016. Leaf width-length ratio of middle leaves declined year by year from 2011 to 2014, and then increased quickly till 2016. Leaf width-length ratio of upper leaves declined year by year from 2011 to 2014, and then increased in 2015, and declined again in 2016. There were no significant changes of leaf tensile strength of lower and middle leaves from 2011 to 2012, but declined in 2013 and then kept the same level till 2015, and rose sharply in 2016. There were no significant changes of leaf tensile strength of upper leaves from 2011 to 2012, but declined in 2013, and increased year by year till 2015, and then kept the same level till 2016.

  Nitrogen Forms Affecting Tobacco Growth and Quality: Research Progress 2018, 34 (15):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040107 Abstract + ( 519 )   Nitrogen is the necessary nutrient for the growth and development of tobacco. It has a certain influence on the chemical process of tobacco, such as chemical synthesis, energy conversion and signal transmission. Ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are the main nitrogen forms of tobacco absorption, which have different effects on different parts of tobacco and different parts. The reasonable ratio of nitrogen is beneficial to the uptake of nitrogen and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality. In this paper, the effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth and development, growth, element absorption, photosynthetic characteristics and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tobacco were reviewed. The effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth and development of tobacco were studied. Influence the relevant research to provide the basis.

  Sensitive Disparity Between Tobacco Recombinant Inbred Line LM2 and HM1 in Flower Bud Differentiation Under Low Temperature 2018, 34 (15):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010069 Abstract + ( 649 )   This research aims to select and identify tobacco germplasms which have different sensitivities to low temperature in flower bud differentiation. Tobacco recombinant inbred lines LM2 and HM1 are used as materials, and their seedlings are treated under low temperature and room temperature, and then transplanted into field. The growth of meristem is observed dynamically under the stereomicroscope. The results showed that the flower bud differentiation process of LM2 under low temperature treatment was similar to that in the room temperature. The low temperature treatment for LM2 at seedling stage had no effect on the flower bud differentiation process. The floral primordium of LM2 was formed after transplanted into field for 30 days, began differentiating after 35 days, and the small flower primordia were developed after 40 days. However, the flower bud differentiation process of HM1 under low temperature treatment was different from that of the room temperature. Under low temperature treatment, HM1 entered the initiation stage of flower bud differentiation after transplanted for 25 days, got in the inflorescence primordium formation stage in the 35th day, and entered the flower organ development stage in the 40th day. It indicated that the HM1 and LM2 lines were a couple of special germplasm which had differences in low temperature sensitivity, they could be used to analyze the mechanism of flower bud differentiation in responding to low temperature at seedling stage, and breed tobacco variety flowering early and resistant to low temperature.

  Effects of Co-application of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid and Different Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rape Growth 2018, 34 (15):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040153 Abstract + ( 567 )   To investigate the synergistic effect of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on different forms of nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers), a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of γ-PGA combined with different forms of nitrogen fertilizer on rape yield, quality and utilization rate of fertilizer. [Result]The results showed that the yield of rape was increased by 1.25%~26.77% under 4 forms of nitrogen fertilizer combined with γ-PGA. With 4.3 mg/kg soil of γ-PGA, the synergistic effect was better under urea and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid were increased by 49.60%, 23.62% and 132.79% respectively, and the nitrate content decreased by 6.18%~46.08%. The synergistic effect was better under ammonium chloride and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were increased by 0.63%~7.61%, 0.01%~1.66% and 0.78%~6.49% respectively. The utilization rates were higher under urea and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. [Conclusion]In conclusion, according to the short-term pot experiment, γ-PGA combined with urea or organic-inorganic fertilizer was recommended in agricultural production, and the dosage of γ-PGA was 4.3 mg/kg soil.

  Application of Straw, Bio-bacterial Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner on Growth, Fruit Setting and Fruit Quality of Over-winter Tomato in Solar Greenhouse 2018, 34 (15):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010043 Abstract + ( 514 )   The influence of corn straw,SEM bio-bacterial fertilizer, soil conditioner and their combination on the growth, fruit setting and fruit quality of over-winter tomato in solar greenhouse was studied using a field experiment. The result showed that all treatments had no obvious effect on growth, and positively increased the fruit rate of tomato. The fruit rate of the first to fourth cluster in ‘straw+EM +conditioner’ treatment was significantly increased, up to 24.07%, 24.07%, 16.86% and 24.07% respectively. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration in all treatments were also improved, and the effect of ‘straw+EM+conditioner’ treatment was most significant, the maximum net photosynthetic rate 15.64% higher than control. In addition, all treatments appeared fruit soluble solids, total acid (titratable acid), Vc, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents increased. The soluble solids, total acid and soluble protein contents in the ‘straw+EM+conditioner’ treatment was significantly increased. In summary, straw, bio-bacterial fertilizer and soil conditioner can be used in greenhouse tomato production.

  Flowers of Fuji Apple: Volatile Components Analysis 2018, 34 (15):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010070 Abstract + ( 666 )   The paper aims to discuss the relationship between volatile components and pollination insects by learning about volatile components of Fuji apple flowers, and to provide a research basis for bee pollination on apple. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to measure and analyze the volatile components of live flowers after anther dehiscence during apple blossom; and a quantitative analysis was conducted with the method of area normalization. The results showed that: 31 kinds of volatile components were identified from Fuji apple flowers, including 4 kinds of alcohols (76.05%), 4 kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (5.36%), 1 kind of nitrile (neryl nitrile, 4.6%), 10 kinds of alkanes (4.54%), 7 kinds of esters (3.86%), 3 kinds of terpene (3.71%), 1 kind of aldehydes (nonanal, 1.67% ), 1 kinds of acids (Dodecanoic acid, 0.21% ). Benzyl alcohol had the highest content in alcohols, accounted for 49.74%, followed by linalool (17.9%), (Z )-3-Hexen-1-ol (7.82%) and cedrol (0.59%). Terpene components included 1,3,6- Octatriene, 3,7- dimethyl- ,(Z ), caryophyllene and alpha.- farnesene, and the content of 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-,(Z ) (2.69%) was the highest in terpene. Benzyl alcohol, (Z )-cis-3-hexene-1-alcohol, linalool, neryl nitrile were the main volatile components in Fuji apple flowers.

  Effects of Pretreatment on Seed Germination of Wild Poa in Tibet Plateau 2018, 34 (15):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040139 Abstract + ( 601 )   To explore the rapid germination methods of wild forage in degraded grassland, and provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration in Tibet Plateau, the seeds of wildPoa at different altitudes were used as materials, the germination characteristics were observed with different pretreatments (soaked with 25℃ warm water, 0.1% H2O2, 0.1% KMnO4, 0.1% KNO3). The results showed that the responses of seed germination of wildPoa at different altitudes to different pretreatments were different. Soaked with 25℃ warm water, the germination rate, germination index and germination speed of wildPoa seeds at 4234 m and 4848 m could be improved obviously, and the germination rate was the highest when the seeds were soaked for 20 h. Soaked with 0.1% KMnO4 could improve the germination rate of wild Poa seeds at 4654 m markedly, and it also enhanced the germination rate, germination index and germination speed of wild Poa seeds at 4848 m. In conclusion, soaked with warm water could improve the initial germination time of wildPoa seeds, increase the germination rate and uniformity. The effect of seeds soaked for 20 h was the best. Soaked with KMnO4 could shorten seedling emergence time and improve the germination rate at certain altitudes.

  Seedling Techniques of Quercus acutissima Seedling Anvil Grafted Container 2018, 34 (15):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110125 Abstract + ( 532 )   For reasonable use and oriented cultivation ofQuercus acutissima , the techniques ofQ.acutissima seedling anvil grafted container are studied. 35 trees ofQ.acutissima were selected as plus trees, the average height was 4.0 m, with the average DBH of 7.8 cm, and the average crown length of 3.24 m; the authors cultivated 2053 seedlings ofQ.acutissima , including 800 container seedlings and 1253 bare rooted seedlings. The 800 container seedlings were processed with different concentrations of GGR6 and planted on different container mediums. The results showed that mediums and concentrations of GGR6 had significant influence on ground diameter, height and survival rate of container seedlings. There were significant differences in growth indexes of container seedlings by using different base container mediums and different concentrations of GGR6. In conclusion, the growth ofQ.acutissima is the best when the concentration of GGR6 is 10 mg/L and the loess: plant ash ratio is 1:1, under which the survival rate reaches 98%, the height reaches 62.27 cm and the ground diameter reaches 6.88 mm.

  Several Exogenous Hormones: Effects on Seeds Germination of Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia hispida 2018, 34 (15):  77-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010111 Abstract + ( 557 )   To investigate the effects of several exogenous hormones on seed germination of Robinia pseudoacacia andRobinia hispida , the seeds of two clones ofRobinia pseudoacacia andRobinia hispida were used as test materials. The seeds were treated with 10- 50 mg/L GA, 6- BA, IBA and IAA. The seed germination rate, germination potential, initial germination time, and germination time was counted and analyzed. The results showed that with 10- 50 mg/L GA, 6- BA and IBA, the seed germination rate and germination potential increased with the increasing concentrations of exogenous hormones. While with IAA treatment, the germination rate and germination potential increased at first and then decreased, and they all reached a peak by being treated with 40 mg/L IAA. Along with the increasing concentrations, the three materials exhibited the same result: the initial germination time was reduced, and the germination time was prolonged. The seed germination rate and germination potential of Robinia hispida were the lowest. The germination effect of Robinia hispida treated by low concentration of hormones was not significant. High concentrations could significantly accelerate the germination of Robinia hispida . Taken together, certain concentration of exogenous hormones could promote the seed germination of Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia hispida

  Inheritance Characteristics of Leaf Quality Traits of Different Ploidy Mulberry Varieties’Crossed Progenies 2018, 34 (15):  85-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040152 Abstract + ( 822 )   The objective is to analyze the leaf quality traits’inheritance characteristics, and provide technical and theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and genetic improvement of mulberry. Two mulberry cross combinations of different ploidy and their parents were used to study the genetic tendency of some leaf quality traits, and main nutritive materials’contents, bioactive materials’contents and anti-oxidation activity weredetermined and analyzed. The results showed that there were great differences among genetic parameters of hybrid progeny group, the inheritance characteristics of water content and ash content were relatively stable. The other quality characteristics, such as solid content, protein content, crude fiber content, phenolic compounds content, flavonoids compounds content, total antioxidant capacity and scavenging hydroxyl radical capacity had great genetic variation. Nutrients contents of hybrid progenies were smaller than those of their parents, while active substances contents and antioxidant activity of hybrid progenies were higher than those of their parents. Higher genetic gain of active substances contents and antioxidant activity should be obtained by selecting superior individuals from those hybrid progenies.

  Plants AUX/IAA Gene Family: Research Progress 2018, 34 (15):  89-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010021 Abstract + ( 3829 )   Aux/IAA genes, are classified as early auxin response genes, it encodes the protein that can modulate the expression of auxin-response genes by interacting with auxin response factors, thus play a central role in auxin signal transduction of plants. In order to further study the molecular mechanism of auxin signal transduction, this paper introduced the recent advances in the structural characteristics, tissue expression specificity , and biology functions in plants growth and development of Aux/IAA genes, to provide the basis for improving the application value of Aux / IAA genes and modifying species at the molecular level.

  Research Progress of ERECTA in Arabidopsis 李晓屿,,, and 2018, 34 (15):  93-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010026 Abstract + ( 1333 )   ERECTA is a receptor-like kinase isolated from Arabidopsis La-0(Landsberg) that interacts with a variety of genes which control the morphogenesis of various plant organs. Its Arabidopsis mutant Ler (Landsberg erecta) is widely used in molecular genetic studies. It has been found that ERECTA plays an important role in inflorescence structure formation, leaf morphogenesis, stomatal development, disease resistance and etcetera. With the development in the field of molecular biology and genetics, new functions of ERECTA have been discovered. This review summarizes the functions of ERECTA gene in meristem,leaf and floral development,and biological and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

  Ways for Promoting Food Security in China: Based on the Use of Deep-rooted Legume Herbage 刘泓杉 and 林年丰 2018, 34 (15):  100-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040049 Abstract + ( 603 )   As the largest developing country, China feeds 22% of the world’s population with 10% of the world’s total arable land. We must pay attention to the issue of food security due to China’s food supply is tightly balanced. In order to reduce the pressure on food supplying, we choose Melilotus officinalis as herbage. Equivalent calculation is made to compare protein, amino acid, fat and polysaccharide content between food nutrition content and herbage nutrition content. On the other hand, soil samples of planting beginning and ending are collected to compare soil physical and chemical characteristics values. The results are as follows, crude protein content of Melilotus officinalis reaches 17.5% of fresh weight and nutrition proportion is reasonable. It can replace food crops, replacement rate reach to 35%. Beside this, salt, alkali content, pH value and sodium ion exchange rate of soil that had planted Melilotus officinalis decrease significantly, content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen increased significantly. Therefore, developing forage protein is an available way to improve the level of food security in China, and soil environment has non-toxic pollution and has obvious improvement effect.

  Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Heat Resources: Based on Crop Planting Perspective in Heilongjiang 朱海霞,姜丽霞 and 2018, 34 (15):  107-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040111 Abstract + ( 506 )   From the crop planting perspective, the authors analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of heat resources in Heilongjiang from 1971 to 2014, and studied the movement and change of ATZ (accumulated temperature zone) by finely dividing ATZ based on GIS. The results showed that: the beginning date of the critical temperature, such as 5℃, 8℃ and 15℃, appeared early overall over the past 44 years, and the trend was obvious, these critical temperature advanced with a rate of 1.2-1.8 d/10 a; the growth activity period and vigorous growing period were prolonged with a rate of 1.6-3 d /10 a; ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased significantly by 84℃?d/10 a; compared with the first 22 years, in the second 22 years, the beginning date of critical temperature (5℃, 8℃ and 15℃) was 2-8 days in advance, the growth activity period increased 3-7 days, the vigorous growing period increased 3-5 days in major agricultural regions of Heilongjiang. The 1st ATZ and 2nd ATZ obviously moved toward the north and the east, and ATZ under 2500℃?d was shrunk, and ATZ above 2500℃?d was expanded. During the past 30 years, the change ranges of the ATZ were more obvious. The total area of the 1st ATZ and 2nd ATZ occupied near half of Heilongjiang in 2000s, and covered main planting areas. The results have certain guiding significance for dealing with the climate change, adjusting the crop planting structure and the maturing types of variety in Heilongjiang.

  Effect of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Desorption Characteristics and Vegetable-rice Rotation System on Nitrate Nitrogen Concentration in Percolating Water in Field 2018, 34 (15):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040142 Abstract + ( 594 )   A 3-year stationary field experiment of N application rate was carried out to explore soil inorganic nitrogen desorption characteristics and simulation model, and the effect of the desorption characteristic value and vegetable-rice rotation on nitrate nitrogen concentration in percolating water in field under the garden bean-zucchini-paddy rice rotation system. The results showed that desorption process met well the desorption model ofC =C 1H -a (0＜a ＜1) because of the relatively simple form of soil inorganic nitrogen, and it was feasible to simultaneously acquire inorganic nitrogen desorption characteristics that reflected biological effectiveness of soil nitrogen, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration and its buffer coefficient. The vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation system could reduce soil nitrate nitrogen concentration significantly, which was 41.3% of vegetablevegetable rotation. According to the modeling method of“dual rate turning point”, the average turning point of soil inorganic nitrogen desorption amount was 250.4 mg/kg and varied very slightly both in vegetablevegetable- rice rotation and vegetable-vegetable rotation. Therefore, vegetable-vegetable-rice rotation system is conducive to reduce nitrate nitrogen concentration in percolating water, and the dual rate turning point of soil inorganic nitrogen desorption amount could be used as one of the indices to evaluate the potential of soil inorganic nitrogen leaching loss in vegetable field.

  Winter-spring Greenhouse Tomato Planting in Northern Shanxi: Meteorological Condition Analysis 2018, 34 (15):  119-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060074 Abstract + ( 599 )   To make the crop arrangement of tomato in winter-spring season, and improve or maintain the proper temperature and light condition for tomato planting date, the authors make a statistical inspection analysis of the farmers’planting experience index in recent years, by using the greenhouse data of Yanggao in 2014, which is the main production area of greenhouse vegetable in Datong. At the same time, the authors take 2014 as the reference year, and examine the average temperature, extreme minimum and maximum temperature, mean maximum and minimum temperature from November 1 to the following January 20 during 1991-2015, and determine the similar years which have 3 indexes within 2℃ difference to the corresponding temperature of 2014; then the authors simulate the microclimate in the greenhouse by stepwise regression method. The experience index indicated that: the third nine-day period after the Winter Solstice - the coldest days of winter - should be avoided in the field planting, and in case of cold wave, the field planting should be properly delayed. The greenhouse test showed that: during the field planting date in 2014, the maximum temperature and the average temperature under different weather conditions reached the experience index requirements, but the minimum temperature was too low to achieve the experience index, and building 2 layers of small arch shed could made the minimum temperature reach the low temperature standard. In the rough analysis of similar years, it was found that from 1991 to 2015, 75% of the years were similar years, which meant that under normal years and normal management, the temperature of the greenhouse could reach the experience index of growing seedlings to field planting. The stepwise regression simulation of the greenhouse microclimate showed that: the temperature of the greenhouse was related to the sky condition of the day and the basic temperature inside and outside the greenhouse of the previous day.

  Variation Characteristics of Climate and Effect on Corn Production in Shouyang 1961-2015 2018, 34 (15):  128-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040137 Abstract + ( 593 )   The paper aims to study the variation of temperature and precipitation in Shouyang under the background of global climate warming, and to rationally utilize climate resources and guarantee food safety. Based on the data of annual temperature and monthly precipitation in Shouyang from 1961 to 2015, the authors analyzed the interannual and seasonal variability and mutation characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Shouyang by the methods of linear trend, anomaly analysis, 5- year sliding average method, the M- K mutation test and slidingt test. The results showed that: the annual average temperature in Shouyang in nearly 55 years showed an increasing trend with the rate of 0.15℃/10 a; the annual average precipitation had a decreasing trend with the rate of -9.85 mm/10 a, the mutation points of the temperature and precipitation were separately in 1990 and 1967; the seasonal average temperature had an increasing trend, and the seasonal precipitation had a descending trend; the temperature raised most in winter, and that in summer was not obvious; the precipitation descended most in summer, and that in spring was the minimum. The mutations of average temperature in spring, autumn and winter occurred in 1996, 1993 and 1986, respectively, and the precipitation in autumn occurred in 1968. The increase of temperature and the decrease of precipitation had both advantages and disadvantages in corn production.

  Rapid Breeding of Aphidius gifuensis with White Radish Floating Seedling System and Simultaneous Inoculation of Myzus persicae and A. gifuensis 2018, 34 (15):  135-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050001 Abstract + ( 551 )   We aim to solve the problem of slow breeding rate due to the low temperature in Nanxiong tobacco area in spring, using tobacco seedling floating system to breedMyzus persicae andAphidius gifuensis . In this study, floating seedling system was used to breed white radish, andM. persicae was simultaneously inoculated withA. gifuensis . The results showed that white radish seedlings needed 24.5 days to reach the five-leaf stage, while the tobacco floating seedlings needed 49.5 days. When the white radish seedlings reached the three-leaf stage, inoculation with 15-20 heads ofM. persicae for each seedling resulted in the best breeding effect forA. gifuensis , with the total number ofM. persicae per plant up to 125.5 heads after 20 days, and 145.5 heads after 25 days. When inoculated with 30 heads ofM. persicae per plant, yield ofA. gifuensis was the maximum (152.5 heads) after 20 days, but decreased obviously on day 25. In conclusion, when the white radish floating seedlings were at three- or four-leaf stage, inoculating 15-20 heads ofM. persicae with 40%A. gifuensis parasitism rate per seedling would result in high yield ofA. gifuensis . Moreover, the whole breeding period ofA. gifuensis would be shortened by 20-25 days. This method simplifies the breeding process and reduces the breeding cost.

  Changes in Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Cows with Endometritis during Perinatal Period in Beijing 2018, 34 (15):  140-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090069 Abstract + ( 787 )   To study the changes of blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Holstein cow with endometritis before and after perinatal period, we selected 20 healthy cows whose age, weight and parity were similar as research objects. Venous blood samples were respectively collected 15, 10, 5, and 0 d before parturition, and the blood physiological and biochemical indexes were determined. Whether or not suffering from endometritis, venous blood samples were collected from the 20 cows 5, 10, and 15 d after parturition, and the blood physiological and biochemical indexes were also determined. The differences of blood physiological and biochemical indexes of cows suffering from endometritis with those of healthy cows were analyzed to provide a reference for early prevention of endometritis in cows. The results showed that the number of white blood cells, erythrocyte and hemoglobin in healthy cows decreased significantly (P <0.05). After parturition, the white blood cells, erythrocytes and hemoglobin in diseased cows were disordered, and the number of white blood cells increased significantly. Total protein content in serum was high before parturition, the lowest during parturition, and began to increase after parturition (P <0.05). The content of ALKP in serum increased before parturition, and reached the maximum value (P <0.05) during parturition, and slightly decreased after parturition. The concentration of glucose in blood was low in all the tested cows. Therefore, the cows suffering from endometritis have some changes in blood physiological and biochemical indexes, which are expected to become diagnostic indexes for cow endometritis.

  The Occurrence Regularity and Control of Thrips on Leek 2018, 34 (15):  145-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040040 Abstract + ( 1159 )   The paper aims to identify the species and regularity of thrips happened on leek, and to study the main control methods. The authors identified thrips species by morphological and molecular methods, and studied the damage symptoms, biological characteristics, occurrence regularity and control methods of thrips in the field of leek. The results showed that: the morphological characteristic of thrips on leek was Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), the results of ITS molecular identification showed that the amplified fragment 520 bp was similar to that of the F. occidentalis, and the similarity of the base sequence was 99.81%; the space distribution of F. occidentalis in the field from the height of 80 cm was relatively concentrated; on sunny days, the thrips appeared more frequently during 15:00-17:00; the lethal effect of rain on thrips was significant, the death rate was 29.30%; the results of field efficacy trials indicated that dinotefuran 20% soluble granules and 40% dacetamiprid granule had good control effects on leek thrips, and the control effect of 1500×diluted solution of 20% dinotefuran soluble granule was the best, up to 92.56%.

  Classification of Sugar Beet Seedling Blight Areas and Varieties ’Resistance in Heilongjiang 乔志文 and 2018, 34 (15):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040052 Abstract + ( 640 )   To prevent and control beet seedling blight, the disease incidence (DI ) of 157 sugar beet varieties were investigated by a field survey in 11 regions of Heilongjiang Province from 2009 to 2016. The regions were divided into light, middle, and heavy disease areas. The level of resistance of sugar beet varieties against beet seedling blight was divided into 6 classes and based onDI ≤3%, 3%< high resistant varietiesDI ≤ 10%, 10%< middle resistant varieties DI ≤17% , 17% 31%. The test screened 24 resistant varieties, 61 high resistant varieties, 49 middle resistant varieties, 13 middle susceptible varieties, 3 high susceptible varieties and 7 susceptible varieties. Yi’an, Wangkui, Jiamusi, Baiquan, Ning’an were light disease areas which should use all kinds of varieties except susceptible one; Hailun, Taikang were heavy disease areas which should use high resistant and resistant varieties; Hongxinglong, Nehe, Jiusan, Hulan were middle disease areas which should use middle resistant, high resistant and resistant varieties.

  Isolation and Identification of Neurotrophic Factors from Water-soluble Constituents of Carya cathayensis Sarg. 2018, 34 (15):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040076 Abstract + ( 541 )   [Objective] To study the neurotrophic activity of water-soluble constituents from hickory and identify functional factors of it. [Methods] The SH-SY5Y cell was treated with a non-fat hickory water-soluble extract, outgrowth of neurites was detected by microscope and expression of related genes was measured by qPCR method, isolation and identify of neurotrophic factor was carried by HPLC and LC-MS method. [Results] The results showed that hickory water-soluble extract could promote the neurites outgrowth of SH-SY5Y significantly, as well as the gene expression of NF160. The results of HPLC and LC-MS showed that the main constituents of hickory water-soluble are cytoside, urea, guanosine, adenine and adenosine. [Conclusion] It is concluded that hickory water-soluble constituents have neurotrophic activity by manipulate the gene expression of NF160.