Abstract: To study the changes of blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Holstein cow with endometritis before and after perinatal period, we selected 20 healthy cows whose age, weight and parity were similar as research objects. Venous blood samples were respectively collected 15, 10, 5, and 0 d before parturition, and the blood physiological and biochemical indexes were determined. Whether or not suffering from endometritis, venous blood samples were collected from the 20 cows 5, 10, and 15 d after parturition, and the blood physiological and biochemical indexes were also determined. The differences of blood physiological and biochemical indexes of cows suffering from endometritis with those of healthy cows were analyzed to provide a reference for early prevention of endometritis in cows. The results showed that the number of white blood cells, erythrocyte and hemoglobin in healthy cows decreased significantly (P <0.05). After parturition, the white blood cells, erythrocytes and hemoglobin in diseased cows were disordered, and the number of white blood cells increased significantly. Total protein content in serum was high before parturition, the lowest during parturition, and began to increase after parturition (P <0.05). The content of ALKP in serum increased before parturition, and reached the maximum value (P <0.05) during parturition, and slightly decreased after parturition. The concentration of glucose in blood was low in all the tested cows. Therefore, the cows suffering from endometritis have some changes in blood physiological and biochemical indexes, which are expected to become diagnostic indexes for cow endometritis.