Abstract: Study on dynamic relationship between shoot growth and fruit development of Prunus domestica in Aksu was carried out to provide a theoretical basis for establishing reasonable cultivation and management techniques. The phenological period of each cultivar was observed, and the length and the diameter of shoot, the three diameters of fruit, chlorophyll and leaf area were measured. All the cultivars had difference in phenological period for 1-2 days, and the rapid growth of new shoots of P. domestica was in the same period, and‘French’had the first ripe fruit, followed by‘Stanley’, and the fruit ripening of‘Victoria’was the most late; during fruit development in the first fast growth stage (14-21 days after full bloom or 28 days), the day average growth of the three diameters was the fastest, the longitudinal diameter was higher than the transverse diameter and the lateral diameter; in the second slow growth stage (28-62 days after full bloom) and the third fast growing stage (62 days after full bloom to fruit mature), the transverse diameter and the lateral diameter were higher than the longitudinal diameter, and the single fruit weight increased mainly in the third fast growing stage and new shoots had two growing peaks. The rapid growth of leaf area and chlorophyll was 14-42 days after flowering (April 22nd- May 20th). The three diameters and single fruit weight of P. domestica in Aksu area both showed a‘double S’curve. During the whole fruit growth period, the single fruit weight growth of Victoria’was the largest. The length and the diameter of new shoots were consistent with the changes of leaf area and chlorophyll content. The development trends of new shoots and fruits in the early and late stage had vegetative competition, while promoted each other in the middle stage.