Abstract: The paper aims to improve walnut yield and quality in Wudu, and to analyze the variation of the phenological phases and yield components of different walnut varieties under different meteorological conditions and their responses to climate. The authors took the“Million Acres Walnut Orchard”in Wudu, Longnan of Gansu as an experiment point, carried out continuous observation on the phenological phases and yield components of‘Wen185’and‘Qiangtele’from 2012 to 2013, analyzed the variation characteristics of phenological phases and yield components of the two varieties, and studied the relationship between the yield components and main climate factors combined with the corresponding meteorological data. The results showed that: (1) the phenological phases of different walnut varieties and years had big difference; (2) although the branch length of‘Wen185’in 2013 was obviously longer than that in 2012, the fruit diameter was smaller than that in 2012 owing to abnormally high temperature and less precipitation in early 2013; however, the growth of branch and fruit of‘Qiangtele’in 2013 was bigger than that in 2012 since its phenological phase was 20 days later than that of‘Wen185’, so earlier high temperature did not affect the growth of‘Qiangtele’; (3) the correlations between the growth of branch and fruit of‘Wen185’in 2012 and 2013 with temperature and precipitation were positive, while the correlation with sunshine hours was non-significantly negative, and the correlation with the minimum temperature was the most significant. In addition, the correlation between the growth of branch and fruit of‘Wen185’and temperature in 2013 was weaker than that in 2012, indicating that the abnormally high temperature was not favorable to the yield of‘Wen185’.