Abstract: To obtain high quality Radix Bupleuri resources, we studied the germination rate, growth and development characteristics of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum marginatum. The results indicated that the seed germination rate of Bupleurum chinense was significantly higher than that of Bupleurum marginatum. With the increase of seed storage time, the germination rate of the two kinds Radix Bupleuri was first unchanged then reduced. At different growth stages, the relative standard deviation values of Bupleurum chinense were all relatively small. Moreover, the plants were tidy, had tiny individual difference, and the genetic characters were stable. Compared with Bupleurum chinense, Bupleurum marginatum had more obvious superiority on the yield of roots and output of seeds, and the medicinal characters and quality were quite even. In conclusion, the botany, genetics and pharmacognosy traits of Bupleurum chinense are better than those of Bupleurum marginatum, and Bupleurum chinense has high promotion value.