Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.33 Published:27 November 2017

  Heavy Metal Stress on Growth and Development and Physiological Indexes of Wheat 2017, 33 (33):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010072 Abstract + ( 1175 )   Soil pollution has become an important problem affecting crop production and harming human health, it should be studied and solved urgently. The objectives are to provide theoretical support for the reduction of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Zn bioavailability, develop techniques of heavy metal abatement in polluted soils in wheat production, and lay a foundation for field heavy metal pollution monitoring and comprehensive management. The single element pollution was used in this study. The effects of Cd, As, Pb, Cu and Zn stress on the growth and physiological indexes of wheat were studied by indoor hydroponic experiment and field trial. The results showed that low concentration of heavy metals promoted the germination of wheat seeds to a certain extent, while the high concentration of heavy metals inhibited the seed germination. In different treatments, the total aboveground dry matter content of wheat showed a“slow-fast-slow”growth trend. The plant height, spikelet number, sterile spikelet number and ear number decreased, the thousand seed weight increased, and the economic coefficient decreased, which resulted in the reduction of yield ultimately.

  Effects on Yield and Yield Factors of Soybean: Irrigation Stage and Irrigation Amount 2017, 33 (33):  9-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070072 Abstract + ( 890 )   To study the effect of different irrigation stages and amounts on yield and yield factors of soybean, using soybean variety‘Jindou No 19’as material, one time irrigation test with three irrigation periods and four irrigation amounts was carried out by two-factor randomized block design. The results showed that during three irrigation periods, the promoting effect at flowering pod stage on soybean yield was the best, followed by the grain-filling stage and branching stage. Soybean yield at flowering pod stage first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. The promotion effect of 6000 m3/hm2 irrigation amount on soybean yield was the most significant. The irrigation at flowering pod stage had the most obvious promotion effect on the soybean height, followed by the grain- filling stage and branching stage. The coupling effects of irrigation period and irrigation amount on soybean height was extremely significant. Multiple comparisons revealed that the irrigation amount of 6000 m3/hm2 at the flowering pot stage had the greatest effect on the height. The influence order of irrigation period on the dry matter weight of soybean was flowering pod stage, grain-filling stage and branching stage, the irrigation amount of 6000 m3/hm2 at flowering pod stage had the biggest effect. Taken together, for the one time irrigation in the arid and semi-arid areas, the irrigation amount of 6000 m3/hm2 at flowering pod stage is recommended.

  Tolerance and Response Mechanism of Cotton Under Waterlogging Stress: Research Progress 2017, 33 (33):  16-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040077 Abstract + ( 818 )   In the Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys of China, waterlogging is one of the most important factors that restrict the enhancement of yield and quality of cotton. Generally, cotton has a complex resistance mechanism responding to waterlogging, in which transcription factors (TFs) play an important role. We summarized the research progress of waterlogging stress of cotton from morphology and structure, physiology and biochemistry, gene expression and so on. We discussed the morphological and physiological adaptability, and the signal transduction process under waterlogging stress, especially expounded the structure, classification and biological function of bZIP, AP2/EREBP, NAC, WRKY, MYB, bHLH and other major transcription factors, also discussed the complex regulation mechanism of cotton responding to abiotic stress. It is expected that the study could provide new ideas for exploring the genes of waterlogging tolerance and cultivating new waterlogging-resistant varieties of cotton by molecular technique.

  Arginine Kinase (AK) Fragment of Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür): Cloning and Expressionfrom Different Habitats 2017, 33 (33):  27-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060079 Abstract + ( 915 )   This study aims to investigate the effects of different habitats on the growth of Apolyguslucorum Meyer-Dür, so as to determine from the molecular levelthe suitable habitat of Apolyguslucorum Meyer-Dür in the orchard. This study used special lure to investigate the occurrence rateof Apolyguslucorum Meyer-Dür in jujube orchardor vineyard.The primers were designed according to the conserved sequence, cloned fragments of arginine kinase and detected gene expression by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results of the lure investigation showed that the occurrence rate of Apolyguslucorum Meyer-Dür in the jujube orchard was always higher than that in the vineyard. There were three peaks in the jujube, while two in the vineyard. The sequencing results indicated that the target sequence contained 783 nucleotides and could encode 261 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree indicated that AL-AK had a similarity of 85% or more compared with other insects, and was close to that of Hemiptera. The expression of arginine kinase gene in jujube orchard was lower than that in vineyard. The above results show that the jujube habitat is more suitable than the vineyard for the development of Apolyguslucorum Meyer-Dür, whichprovides the theoretical basis for the control of Apolyguslucorum Meyer-Dür.

  Identification and Pathogenicity Detection of the Pathogen Causing Wheat Pythium Root Rot 2017, 33 (33):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060097 Abstract + ( 1164 )   This study aims at exploring the causes of poor growth and short and small plant in the seedling stage of winter wheat, and studies the clear pathogens of this disease by using the conventional tissue separation and purification method of the root system of wheat to obtain two similar Pythium isolates, i.e. SDCY-1 and SDJY-1. In addition, the morphological characteristics, identification of pathogenicity and CO I sequence analysis of the results of the two isolates show that the two isolates of the white colonies developed mycelium, and the culture medium surface showed a large number of aerial hyphae. After artificial inoculation, mycelium can cause poor growth, short root, fresh weight reduction, and hygrophanous to brown color changes in wheat. The newly separated strain was similar to that of the original inoculation strain. According to the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree, the two isolates were the same species of Pythium, namely Pythium ultimum. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for Pythium root rot control in winter wheat and resistance breeding.

  Composition and Structure of Root Endophyte in Brassica chinensis L. Infected by Clubroot 2017, 33 (33):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070136 Abstract + ( 765 )   The study aims to optimize high- throughput sequencing analysis techniques of vegetable root endophytes and get a better understanding of the difference in root endophytic bacteria between healthy and clubroot-infected Brassica chinensis L.. The V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA was amplified by high-throughput sequencing method and the data was analyzed by appropriate software and databases. The results showed that the plant endophytes were disturbed by chloroplast DNA severely, the average chloroplast data accounted for 67%. B. chinensis root endophytes had rich diversity, and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were primary endophytic groups. The dominant endophytic groups were Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Bacillus, and Streptomyces. The stability of healthy samples was better than clubroot-infected samples, and the difference of clubroot- infected samples was significant. The study indicated that clubroot infection had a significant effect on the structure and composition of B. chinensis root endophytic bacteria.

  Effect of Different Application Amounts of Potassium Fulvate on Yield and Quality of Tomato and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties 2017, 33 (33):  46-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100087 Abstract + ( 990 )   To study the optimum dosage of potassium fulvate (PF) on greenhouse tomato, the effects of different amount of PF on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato and soil physical and chemical properties were investigated by a field plot experiment. The results showed that the bottom application of PF increased tomato yield, plant dry matter quantity and root dry matter quantity by 14.0%, 14.4 and 50.6%, repectively; Vc and soluble sugar content of tomato increased by 15.5% and 10.0%; bulk density decreased by 3.6% and CEC increased by 5.0%. All the indexes increased with the increase of PF application amount, and reached the maximum value when the PF application rate was 4500 kg/hm2. In consideration of the cost of fertilizer and all indexes, the optimum dosage of PF fertilizer was 4500 kg/hm2.

  Germination Rate and Growth Characters of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum marginatum 2017, 33 (33):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070058 Abstract + ( 648 )   To obtain high quality Radix Bupleuri resources, we studied the germination rate, growth and development characteristics of Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum marginatum. The results indicated that the seed germination rate of Bupleurum chinense was significantly higher than that of Bupleurum marginatum. With the increase of seed storage time, the germination rate of the two kinds Radix Bupleuri was first unchanged then reduced. At different growth stages, the relative standard deviation values of Bupleurum chinense were all relatively small. Moreover, the plants were tidy, had tiny individual difference, and the genetic characters were stable. Compared with Bupleurum chinense, Bupleurum marginatum had more obvious superiority on the yield of roots and output of seeds, and the medicinal characters and quality were quite even. In conclusion, the botany, genetics and pharmacognosy traits of Bupleurum chinense are better than those of Bupleurum marginatum, and Bupleurum chinense has high promotion value.

  Effects of Planting Density and NPK Fertilization Ratio on Seedling-use Chinese Cabbage Yield 吴勇 2017, 33 (33):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070059 Abstract + ( 632 )   The effects of planting density (D) and fertilization ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on yield of seedling-use Chinese cabbage were investigated by a field experiment, quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design with four factors was used. A regression model of planting density and fertilization amount on seedling-use Chinese cabbage yield was established, single and coupling effects were analyzed. The results showed that if other factors were in medium level, the seedling-use Chinese cabbage yield first increased then decreased with the increase of planting density and NPK application rate. The order of each factor on yield was N (X2) ＞D(X1) ＞ P (X3) ＞ K (X4). There were positive interactions between planting density and N application rate, and between planting density and P application rate, and the interaction of planting density and N application was greater than that of planting density and P application. It was concluded that too high or too low of planting density or N, P and K application rate did not benefit the yield increase of seedling-use Chinese cabbage, and medium planting density and NPK fertilization could enhance the yield of seedling-use Chinese cabbage.

  Effects of Potassium Humate on Flue-cured Tobacco Quality and Soil Environment in Western Henan 2017, 33 (33):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070137 Abstract + ( 596 )   Effects of potassium humate on the quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil environment in western Henan were studied by field experiments, tobacco of different growth periods, chemical quality after fluecuring and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that the soil pH value reduced to a certain degree; the content of soil organic matter increased by 7.56%-26.95%; the content of available K in soil increased by 0%-12.88%, the rhizosphere environment was improved. Under a certain amount of potassium humate application, the conventional chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves were improved, and the contents of reducing sugar, potassium, total sugar were higher than that of CK. Under the certain application amount of potassium humate, the contents of neutral aroma components increased significantly. Potassium humate increased the first-class tobacco ratio, yield, output value, average price and single leaf weight, and the optimum amount of potassium humate was 375 kg/hm2.

  Spatial Allocation of Land Resources Based on Ecological Suitability 2017, 33 (33):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110088 Abstract + ( 868 )   Land use is a combination of natural and human factors, as an important part of the terrestrial ecosystems and the carrier of human activities , land can provide enormous ecological and socioeconomic services value. As an important tie between the humanities and social and natural ecosystems, land use change has became a key part in the research of global change and is the core issue of sustainable development. The research in optimization of land use structure has great significance for sustainable land resources using, which lays a foundation for ecologically sustainable development. In this paper, we simulated and projected the future spatial distribution of China’ land use change based on the ecologically sustainable pattern background with the methods of spatial overlay and exponential sum. The result shows there is an obvious regional difference not only in land use quantity distribution but also in spatial pattern. Crop land is in the east and middle region; forest land is distributed in south-west and north region; grass land is located in the west region and building land is concentrated in the east region. Our research will be benefit for local conditions when ecological factors are taken into consideration, and it’s also make ecological function zones more prominent and the allocation more reasonable.

  Carbon Emission Sequential Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Farmland Use in Underdeveloped Areas 2017, 33 (33):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090133 Abstract + ( 671 )   Farmland carbon emission study on regional sustainable agricultural development is important. The authors used the data of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, agricultural diesel oil, plowing and irrigation from 1996 to 2013, calculated farmland carbon emission in Guizhou, and analyzed influencing factors of farmland carbon emission by kaya identical relation. The results showed that: (1) the total amount and intensity of farmland carbon emission continuously increased in Guizhou; (2) the growth rate of farmland carbon emission showed a sign of fluctuation, and the fluctuation range was big; (3) chemical fertilizer was the main source of carbon emission, then were agricultural films and agricultural diesel oil; (4) production efficiency and industrial structure had inhibiting effect on farmland carbon emission, and economic level and labor force scale had promoting effect on farmland carbon emission. Finally, the authors put forward some suggestions on farmland carbon emission in Guizhou Province.

  Brief Analysis of Present Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control in China 2017, 33 (33):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100001 Abstract + ( 979 )   Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPS) is very complex with different sources of pollution. A single method of ANPS control doesn’t work well. ANPS control with integrative methods play a vital role to sustainable development of China in the current critical period of economic transition. In this review, current situation of ANPS control in China were analyzed and related technologies were summarized from the five aspects of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, livestock manure, plastic film and crop residue. Existing problems were also discussed. Comprehensive countermeasures of ANPS control in China were put forward based on the problems which would improve ANPS control of China.

  Evaluation on Soil Fertility in Sewage Irrigation Area of Xiaodian in Taiyuan: Based on Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis 2017, 33 (33):  85-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070106 Abstract + ( 551 )   To clarify soil fertility status of sewage irrigation area in Xiaodian District of Taiyuan, the authors adopted the methods of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that the contents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total nitrogen were abundant, and the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were moderate, while the available potassium content was poor. Principal component analysis showed that 10 evaluation factors could be classified into four major components, with 80.24% of cumulative contribution rate. The first main component consisted of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, cation exchange capacity and organic matter; the second principal component contained conductivity and pH value; the third principal component was composed of total phosphorus and total nitrogen; and the fourth principal component was total potassium. The results could reflect soil fertility to certain extent. The 18 soil samples were classified into four levels by the hierarchical cluster analysis with the proportion of 5.6%, 61%, 27.8% and 5.6%, respectively. This method could make a relatively correct evaluation on soil fertility status, and provide a reference basis for rational fertilization of soil.

  Effect of Biochar on Soil Nutrients and Corn Growth in Farmland of Loess Area 2017, 33 (33):  92-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090012 Abstract + ( 644 )   The aim is to explore the application effect of biochar additions on farmland in loess area. In a field experiment, different biochar levels of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 t/hm2 and two nitrogen levels of 0 and 187.5 kg/hm2 were set up. The effect on soil nutrients and corn growth in farmland of loess area was studied. The results revealed that the application of biochar of 24-48 t/hm2 mixed with 187.5 kg/hm2 N had the best promoting effect on soil nutrients. The total nitrogen and available nitrogen accumulations exceeded those of control by approximately 26.6% and 27.67% respectively at 48 t/hm2 biochar level. At 6-12 t/hm2 biochar level, stem diameter and chlorophyll had relative advantage at the middle growth stage. In addition, the nutrient content and yield were higher compared with those under high biochar levels. Under no nitrogen application, biochar could contribute to nutrients accumulation in soil and corn grain. Soil nutrients and corn grain were relatively higher at 6-12 t/hm2; the yield was the highest at level 24-48 t/hm2, increased by 1468.2 kg/hm2, about 13.39% compared with that of control. These results suggested that biochar had positive roles in promoting soil nutrients accumulations, and depended on nitrogen fertilizer in some degree.

  Soil Fertility and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Orchard System: Under Short-term Application of Compost with Different Manure Sources 2017, 33 (33):  100-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090135 Abstract + ( 567 )   To understand the effects of livestock and poultry manure- compost on the quality of soil and agricultural products, a three-year field experiment of using pig manure compost from both family farm with low heavy metal and large-scale farm with high heavy metal to improve soil fertility was conducted. The effects of short- term application of compost with different manure sources on soil fertility and heavy metal accumulation in orchard system were discussed. The experiment included five treatments: chemical fertilizers (control), chemical fertilizer+ family farm manure compost, chemical fertilizer+ 2 times of family farm manure compost, chemical fertilizer+ large-scale farm manure compost, and chemical fertilizer+ 2 times of large-scale farm manure compost. The results showed that composts application could slightly increase pH value of the soil, but no significant difference was found among soils with different treatments. Application of composts could improve soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, the effects increased with application years. The improving effects of large-scale farm manure compost were more obvious than that of the family farm manure compost. Three-year continuous fertilization for each of the five treatments had no significant effects on accumulation Pb, Co, Ni, and Hg in the soil, but it increased accumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd and As in the soil. Among them, application of 2 times of family farm manure compost and large-scale farm manure compost could improve soil Cu and Zn accumulation, and application of 2 times of large-scale farm manure compost significantly increased Cd and As accumulation in the soil. All heavy metals in peaches of all treatments did not exceed the quality standards. However, the results also showed that Cu and Zn contents in fruits of large-scale farm manure compost treatment were significantly higher than those of the control. Therefore, short term application of pig manure compost has less risk of heavy metal pollution to orchard soil and fruit.

  A Review of Researches on Soil Organic Carbon Pool in Cropland 缑倩倩, and 屈建军 2017, 33 (33):  107-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100003 Abstract + ( 665 )   Abstract: As an important component of terrestrial ecosystem, cropland ecosystem is interfered mainly by human disturbance, but it can self-adjust in a short time and plays an essential role in the global carbon cycle. It is valuable to study the effect of farmland soil organic carbon pool and the influencing factors on global ecosystem carbon balance and the sustainability of soil utilization. Took the basic problems of farmland soil organic carbon pool as the study object, the authors summarized the composition and classification of farmland soil organic carbon pool, the carbon sequestration potential and the influencing factors. The future directions in this research field mainly focused on the sequestration and turnover mechanism of soil organic carbon in different regions, carbon sequestration potential, the influencing degree of different factors, farmland soil carbon cycle process and earth surface process and how to design a reasonable effective farmland management measures in order to achieve the largest carbon sequestration potential.

  Physical and Chemical Properties in South Yan’an Tobacco Planting Soil 2017, 33 (33):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120137 Abstract + ( 655 )   To evaluate the physical and chemical properties of tobacco planting soils in Yan’an city, three areas were chosen (Yichuan County, Fuxian County and Nanniwan Town) to analyze soil pH value, organic matter, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil layers. The results showed that in the soil depth of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm, the average pH value was 7.00, 7.11 and 7.37, respectively, which showed that with the increase of soil depth, soil tended to be alkaline. The average content of soil organic matter was 22 g/kg, and the average value was 17.88, 21.93 and 28.89 g/kg in 0-30, 30- 60 and 60- 90 cm soil layers, respectively. With the increase of soil layer, organic matter also increased. Soil average available phosphorus content was 76 mg/kg and it was 82.92, 69.51 and 76.50 mg/kg in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil layers, respectively, the difference was not big. Mean value of soil ammonium nitrogen content was 130 mg/kg, the average value was 116.95, 143.35 and 129.25 mg/kg in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil layers, respectively, and there was no significant difference among different soil layers. Soil average nitrate nitrogen content was 91 mg/kg, it was 102.96, 96.92 and 73.46 mg/kg in 0-30, 30-60 and 60- To evaluate the physical and chemical properties of tobacco planting soils in Yan’an city, three areas were chosen (Yichuan County, Fuxian County and Nanniwan Town) to analyze soil pH value, organic matter, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil layers. The results showed that in the soil depth of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm, the average pH value was 7.00, 7.11 and 7.37, respectively, which showed that with the increase of soil depth, soil tended to be alkaline. The average content of soil organic matter was 22 g/kg, and the average value was 17.88, 21.93 and 28.89 g/kg in 0- 30, 30- 60 and 60- 90 cm soil layers, respectively. With the increase of soil layer, organic matter also increased. Soil average available phosphorus content was 76 mg/kg and it was 82.92, 69.51 and 76.50 mg/kg in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil layers, respectively, the difference was not big. Mean value of soil ammonium nitrogen content was 130 mg/kg, the average value was 116.95, 143.35 and 129.25 mg/kg in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil layers, respectively, and there was no significant difference among different soil layers. Soil average nitrate nitrogen content was 91 mg/kg, it was 102.96, 96.92 and 73.46 mg/kg in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil layers, respectively, and the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased with the increase of soil layer.

  Bermudagrass Under Water-flooding: Physiological and Biochemical Response to Cadmium Stress 2017, 33 (33):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070119 Abstract + ( 609 )   The paper aims to study the physiological and biochemical responses of Bermudagrass under waterflooding, cadmium stress and the above two conditions at the same time. With wild Bermudagrass as the study material, the authors adopted the pot simulation method and designed 8 different treatments. The results showed that: to some extent, water-flooding promoted the growth of rhizomes and leaves of Bermudagrass and the increase of the anti- oxidant enzymes activity as well as the absorption of Cd2 + , meanwhile, it also suppressed the growth of roots and synthesis of chlorophyll; with increasing cadmium concentration, it could aggravate the degree of the membrane lipid peroxidation and stimulate the increase of the anti- oxidant enzymes activity in order to reduce the harm caused by adversity, and 3 enzymes (POD, SOD and CAT) displayed different expressions under different Cd2 + concentrations; the cadmium absorption abilities of different parts of Bermudagrass were leaves＞roots＞stems, and Bermudagrass had a cadmium tolerance threshold of 150 mg/L with an enrichment coefficient greater than 1 and transport coefficient greater than 0.5. Bermudagrass can grow normally within the threshold of cadmium stress-induced harm and is considered as a good species for revegetation in the regions suffered from both water-flooding and heavy metal pollution.

  Field Hydraulics Parameters Measured by Disc Tension Infiltrometer: Research Progress 2017, 33 (33):  127-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070141 Abstract + ( 592 )   Soil management has significant effect on physical properties, especially soil hydraulics parameters. The accurate measurement of soil hydraulics parameters has become an important research with computer model being widely used in the forecast of soil material migration. Disc tension infiltrometer as a simple and convenient instrument is widely used in soil hydraulics parameters measure. The researches at home andabroad studied the method of steady state, transient state and backstepping, and used disc tension infiltrometer to measure soil near saturated hydraulic conductivity, absorptivity and soil water retention curve. At the same time, this instrument could be used to measure soil pore distribution and the parameters in two-zone model. The authors summarized the research progress and application development of disc tension infiltrometer, and reviewed the problems in field operation to guide the field experiment to acquire more accurate data. Disc tension infiltrometer has advantages in soil pore measurement, especially in macropore, but its application in different soils in China is not wide.

  Drug Resistance of Gibberella fujikuroi and Correlation Analysis of Its Sensitivity to Different Fungicides 2017, 33 (33):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020049 Abstract + ( 1039 )   To investigate the resistance of Gibberella fujikuroi collected from Jiangsu province to carbendazim, prochloraz and phenamacril as well as the cross-resistance of carbendazim and prochloraz to other fungicides, the resistance of 202 isolates of G.fujikuroi collected from 16 counties(cities) in Jiangsu province to carbendazim, prochloraz and phenamacril have been detected by using distinguishing dosage method, respectively, and then 10 isolates with different sensitivity to carbendazim and prochloraz were used for cross-resistance detection to tebuconazole,triticonazole, prothioconazole, metconazole,fludioxonil and fluazinam by using mycelium growth rate method,respectively. The results of resistance detection showed that the resistance frequency of G.fujikuroi collected from Jiangsu province to carbendazim, prochloraz and phenamacril were 77.72%, 67.33% and 0%, respectively. According to the resistance phenotypes of all isolates to 3 fungicides, 4 resistance types of G.fujikuroi have been identified.The isolates resistant to carbendazim and prochloraz and sensitive to phenamacril accounted for 58.42%, the isolates resistant to carbendazim and sensitive to prochloraz and phenamacril accounted for 20.30%, the isolates resistant to prochloraz and sensitive to carbendazim and phenamacril accounted for 9.90%, the isolates sensitive to carbendazim, prochloraz and phenamacril accounted for 11.39%. The results of sensitivity correlateon analysis showed that there were no positive-correlation across resistance between carbendazim and other fungicides as well as prochloraz and other fungicides. These results show that G.fujikuroi in Jiangsu province have relatively high resistance frequency to carbendazim and prochloraz, but were sensitive to phenamacril, and it’s need to select new fungicide to control rice bakanae disease.

  Development Course and Characteristics of Environmental Standard of Planting Pollution-free Agricultural Products in China 2017, 33 (33):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010037 Abstract + ( 707 )   Environmental quality standard of pollution-free agricultural products are pollution-free agricultural products producing area as the basis, and the latter is the premise and foundation of product certification. Through the consult literature material, this paper from the standard category, the aspects of development, characteristic analysis, combed the environmental standard of planting pollution-free agricultural products of China''s development process and characteristics, discussed the environmental standard of China''s existing planting pollution-free agricultural products. Results showed that the planting industry in our country by the rapid development of environmental standard of pollution-free agricultural products. It experienced in number "from less to more, and then from more to less", in kind "from a single agriculture to agricultural product categories and then to comprehensive planting agricultural products" development course. It was starting in 2001, and the rapid development in 2002, and stable development from 2003 to 2014, and with standard integration in 2014 and 2015. Integration of environment standard of no set requirements for air environmental quality, the technical indicators includes only the irrigation water quality and soil quality. This paper also pointed out the advantages and main problems of the existing standard, the research results can provide the basis for the development of China''s pollution-free agricultural products.

  Technique Optimization for Extracting Total Flavonoids in Anoectochilus Roxburghii by Ultrasonic-Assisted Solvent 2017, 33 (33):  148-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070096 Abstract + ( 656 )   This paper aims at studying the optimum extraction condition of total flavonoids in Anoectochilus roxburghii. By taking ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique, based on the single factor test, the extraction conditions of total flavonoids in Anoectochilus roxburghii were optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the extraction rate of total flavonoids in Anoectochilus roxburghii was 2.13% at the condition of Anoectochilus roxburghii grain size of 100 mesh, the alcohol volume fraction of 40%, the ratio of solid to liquid of 1:40 (mg:mL), ultrasonic power of 250 W, ultrasonic time of 30 min. The extraction effect of total flavonoids in Anoectochilus roxburghii was strengthened by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique.

  Price Fluctuation and Linkage of Soybean Futures Markets in China and the United States 2017, 33 (33):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070144 Abstract + ( 706 )   This paper aims to analyze the fluctuation characteristics of soybean futures prices in China and the United States, and the price spillover effect and linkage of soybean futures market of the two countries. The EGARCH model, BEKK-GARCH model and DCC-GARCH model are used for systematical analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: US soybean futures price has a one-way volatility spillover effect on soybean futures prices in China; China''s soybean futures prices were affected more by the US soybean futures prices in comparing with the US soybean futures prices affected by China''s soybean futures prices. So this linkage can be attributed to China''s soybean futures prices’change depending on the US soybean futures prices.