Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.32 Published:27 November 2017

  Research Progress of Thermo-photo Sensitive Two-line Hybrid Wheat in Southwest China 2017, 33 (32):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110032 Abstract + ( 772 )   To promote research on thermo- photo sensitive two- line hybrid wheat in southwest China, the research progress was reviewed, including the discovery of thermo-photo sensitive male sterile line, the origin of research on thermo-photo sensitive two-line hybrid wheat, the stability of male sterile line, the physiology change, the effects of light and temperature on fertility and the effects of the extraneous chemicals on the fertility of‘C49S’. The application achievements were reviewed, including the improvement of original thermo- photo sensitive male sterile line, the breeding of restore line, the screening of strong heterosis hybridized combination of thermo- photo sensitive two- line hybrid wheat, and the supporting cultivation measures together with production demonstration of thermo-photo sensitive two-line hybrid wheat in southwest China. The problems in thermo- photo sensitive two- line hybrid wheat breeding in southwest China were proposed: (1) hybrid wheat application would be restricted by the loss of the stripe rust resistance, (2) how to increase the purity of hybrid wheat seed, (3) how to decrease the cost of hybrid wheat seed production. Finally, new research directions on thermo-photo sensitive two-line hybrid wheat in southwest China were introduced.

  Evaluation of Agronomic Characters of Peanut Germplasm Resources in Jianghuai Region 汪 清,,,, and 2017, 33 (32):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110003 Abstract + ( 941 )   To better use peanut germplasm resources in breeding, data of agronomic characters of 300 peanut germplasm resources in Jianghuai Region were statistically analyzed, and correlation analysis and cluster analysis were conducted with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that among the 8 agronomic characters, the effective branch number had extremely and significantly positive correlation with the number of pods per plant; main stem height and plant productivity per plant had extremely and significantly negative correlation; main stem height and the number of pods per plant had significantly negative correlation. With the Ward method, the peanut germplasm resources could be clustered into three groups when the square Euclidean distanceD 2 was 4. The same type of peanut germplasm resources had different geographical sources. The same geographical source of peanut germplasm resources had different types. Peanut germplasm resources derived from the same type or the same geographical source had no closest genetic relationship. The agronomic characters of peanut germplasm resources in Jianghuai Region had a rich genetic diversity, and the results could provide reference for peanut breeding.

  Tissue Culture Regeneration and Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of Peanut: Research Progress 2017, 33 (32):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090137 Abstract + ( 1099 )   Agrobacterium- mediated transformation is the most common genetic transformation method for peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L). In recent years, the technology of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for peanut matures gradually. However, there are still barriers such as incomplete regeneration system, low transformation efficiency and genotype restriction. In order to establish an efficient regeneration and genetic transformation system for peanuts, in this paper, the tissue culture and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of peanut at home and abroad in recent years were summarized. The induction efficiency and transformation effect were analyzed. It indicated that the embryo transformation system could improve the stability of exogenous genes and overcome the chimera problems. Based on the existing tissue culture regeneration systems, the embryo regeneration of peanut should be optimized, the high- frequency embryo regeneration system should be established, the transformation efficiency should be improved, and the safe and efficient transformation system with standardization, scale, industrialization and repeatability should be set up, which are the development trends of peanut genetic transformation.

  Gene Cloning, Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of C3H Gene from Boehmeria nivea L. 郭清泉 2017, 33 (32):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030107 Abstract + ( 730 )   The aim is to provide a basis for verifying the protein function of coumarate 3-hydroxylase gene (C3H) in the later period, and improving the genetic engineering breeding of Boehmeria nivea variety with low content lignin. Based on the information of high-throughput sequencing of Boehmeria nivea, the full-length sequence of C3H was cloned by the RACE technology, and then the bioinformatics analysis was conducted. The expression pattern of C3H was tested respectively by fluorescent quantitative technology.Bn C3H-1 (cDNA sequence of C3H) with 1940 bp in length was obtained (GenBank accession number: KY078743). The analysis of the physical and chemical properties and structure of BnC3H-1 gene encoding protein showed that the gene encoded a hydrophilic protein containing 511 amino acids with a molecular weight of 57.80 kD, it might be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. According to the sequence of amino acid and structural analysis, BnC3H-1 contained one conserved domain, cytochrome P450 domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene had high homology with C3H genes of Eucalyptus grandis and Fagopyrum tataricum.

  New Early Mature Rapeseed Germplasms Created by Brassica napus× Brassica campestris 2017, 33 (32):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010120 Abstract + ( 1184 )   The study aims to widen genetic basis of Brassica napus and the solve problem of early mature germplasm shortage in breeding. 10 early mature rapeseed germplasms, named D1-D10, were obtained from Brassica napus (2n=4x=AACC=38) hybridized with vegetables of Brassica campestris (2n=2x=AA=18), such as Chinese-cabbage, No-heading Chinese-cabbage and purple Tsai-tai by pedigree method for 10 years. These new gemplasms matured 2.5-9.5 days earlier than CK, accorded with the national quality standards designed for rapeseed and had distinguished agronomic characters. The cross combination of the 10 new germplasms not only had earlier maturity but also had higher yield 1 time more than that of the cross combination of the old germplasms, because these new germplasms had A chromosome genetic background of Brassica campestris.

  Purification Condition of Flavonoids from Garcinia mangostana Pericarp 蔡彬新 2017, 33 (32):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110092 Abstract + ( 535 )   The study aims to clarify the condition for purifying total flavonoids from the pericarp of mangostana. Optimal parameters of purification of total flavonoids were studied through static and dynamic adsorption and desorption behaviors. The results showed that effect of the dynamic adsorption and desorption was better than the static one. The optimum condition of purification was as following: 30 mL 2 mg/mL of mangostana was loaded onto the column at a flow rate of 2 mL/min, and eluted with 60 mL of 70% alcohol at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. Under the condition, the content of total flavonoids was increased from 57.8 mg/mL to 174.2 mg/mL.

  Morphology and Structure of Wild European Plum Seed in Xinjiang 2017, 33 (32):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110112 Abstract + ( 600 )   To grasp the characteristics of wild European plum and solve the problems in its breeding, the authors took wild European plum growing in Xinjiang as the research object, based on the observation of seed phenotype, studied the microscopic structure and scanned electronic microscopic morphology of the shell and the paraffin sections of the seed coat and its embryo. Results showed that: (1) shell of the wild European plum was elliptic, slightly pointed at both ends, light brown, with a hard shell and rough surface; the kernel was flat nearly ovoid, dicotyledonous, white, and the seed coat of the wild European plum had vertical stripes; (2) under the electron microscope, the ornamentation of seed coat had irregularly shaped fold up, being suborbicular and long elliptic, honeycomb shaped and had arranged irregular nodular processes; the ornamentation of seed shell appeared multi-level irregular and polygon connecting holes with rough edges; (3) the paraffin sections of microscopic structure showed that seed coat of the wild European plum had three layers, the surface cells of the embryo were rectangular, arranged closely and neatly. The seed morphology of wild European plum is similar to that of other Prunus species, but its microscopic morphology has important research value in plant classification and genetic relationship research.

  Correlation Analysis of Soil Cu and Cu Content in Camellia oleifera Fruits by Different Extraction Methods 2017, 33 (32):  44-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010112 Abstract + ( 616 )   The paper aims to study the correlation between Cu content in Camellia oleifera forest soil and Camellia oleifera fruit by different extraction methods, and analyze the validity of different Cu extraction agents and their effect on fruit Cu content. The authors extracted Cu from Camellia oleifera forest soil by using HCl, ASI, Bray, DTPA and Mehlich3, and measured the Cu content in the extract, shell, seed coat and kernel by ICP-AES, and did the correlation analysis. The results showed that: the extracting ability of different extraction methods was different, and the order was ASI>DTPA>HCl>M3>Bray; the correlations of soil available Cu content measured by different extraction methods reached extremely significant level; the Cu content of oil seeds was the highest, which was 14.267 mg/kg, followed by that of seed coat, the lowest was that of shell; the soil available Cu content measured by the 5 methods was positively correlated with Cu content in fruit shell and seed kernel of Camellia oleifera, and the correlation with Cu content in seed kernel was significant, while the soil available Cu content was negatively correlated with the Cu content in seed coat. The results indicated that the Cu content in soil and fruit measured was lower than that of the national standard, which provided reference for the pollution-free production of Camellia oleifera.

  Effect of Planting Density and Fertilizer Amount on Grain Yield of Job ’s Tears 2017, 33 (32):  49-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100009 Abstract + ( 635 )   To optimize the cultivation methods and increase yield of Job’s tears,‘Xinbaikeyiyi’was used as test material, field trails were conducted to investigate the effect of planting density (X 1) and fertilizer amount (X 2) on grain yield (Y ) by the orthogonal regression experimental design method. The results showed thatX 1,X 2 and yield (Y ) were fit the model of binary quadratic equation well; planting density of 150000-180000 plants/hm2 and fertilizer of 750.00-900.00 kg/hm2 could increase yield, and the best combination was 180000 plants/hm2 in density and 870.30 kg/hm2 in fertilizer amount. The increase of productive ear per unit area and kernels per spike were the main factors to increase yield. Therefore, in the condition of enough productive ear, increasing setting percentage to increase kernels per spike and grain weight per spike was an important way to increase yield.

  Effect of Straw Returning on Soil Improvement and Crop Growth: Research Progress 2017, 33 (32):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020111 Abstract + ( 1150 )   Crop straw has great applied potential, which contains a large number of mineral elements of crop growth required, who was an agricultural renewable resources. Straw returning could reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw wasted, and then realize the optimal allocation of resources, as well as contribute to improve soil quality and promote crop growth. This article introduced the main methods of straw returning by combing the research achievement of straw returning at home and abroad in recent years, the research progress of straw returning was introduced from the aspects of the main components of straw, the effects of straw returning on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbes, crop growth and development, and crop yield, straw returning application technology and the comprehensive effectiveness evaluation. All the above could provided a reference for the comprehensive utilization of straw returning and form the region matching straw returning mode.

  Different Rice Straw Returning Patterns: The Effects on Yield and Freezing Injury of Winter Wheat 2017, 33 (32):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110117 Abstract + ( 646 )   To comprehensively evaluate rice straw returning effects on winter wheat yield and its freezing injury, Five straw returning patterns were conducted, including no straw returning (control), straw returning by mulching (SRM), straw returning on wide row by mulching(SRWM), straw returning by shallow-tillage(SRST) and straw returning by deep-tillage(SRDT). The characteristics of growth development of wheat and its yield under different straw retuning patterns and their response for low temperature were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with control, the number of seedling, number of tillers and dry matter accumulation after heading (DMAH)of wheat were significantly decreased under SRM and SRST, and their yield were reduced by 21.3% and 17.3%. On the contrary, there were no significant difference, and even more seedlings, tillers and DMAH under SRWM and SRDT, and their yield were increased by 8.0% and 5.3%. In addition, there were not only worse qualities of single wheat seedling (tiller number, fresh weight and dry weight), but also more seedlings with freezing injury and higher percentage under SRM and SRST. By correlation analysis, the number of seedling with injury was significantly and negatively correlated with the qualities of single wheat seedling. The results indicated that SRM and SRDT could improve the growth development and grain yield of winter wheat and relieve its freezing injury .

  Spatial Distribution of Cotton Surface Soil Nutrient in Ugan-Kuqa Oasis 阿依苏丽坦?斯迪克 2017, 33 (32):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100004 Abstract + ( 546 )   Surface soil nutrient and its spatial distribution in Ugan- Kuqa river delta oasis were studied, correlation analysis between nutrient elements was conducted, and the optimum regulation between soil nutrient and crop growth was investigated, which could provide a scientific basis for rational utilization of soil resources and precise fertilization measures. The correlation analysis and normal distribution of organic matter of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, slowly available potassium and available potassium were conducted with statistics, geostatistics and spatial analysis method under the support of SPSS20.0 and surfer8.0. The results showed that: (1) the correlation of organic matter with total nitrogen and available nitrogen, and the correlation of total nitrogen with available nitrogen were extremely and significantly positive at 0.01 in Kuqa County; the correlation of total nitrogen and available phosphorus was significantly positive at 0.05 in Xayar County; the correlation of slowly available potassium and available potassium was extremely and significantly positive at 0.01 in Xinhe County; (2) the soil in the study area was alkalescent, the organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium were rich, available nitrogen was absent, available phosphorus was in the middle level and slowly available potassium was rich; (3) the six nutrients’variation in the three counties’ cotton planting soil was all normally distributed; (4) according to the spatial distribution characteristics, available nitrogen was rich in the middle of the study area, then gradually decreased to south and north; total nitrogen and organic matter distributed evenly; available potassium and slowly available potassium were rich in north and absent in south, which presented a decreasing trend from north to south; available potassium was less in north, and gradually increased to the southeast.

  Effect of Organic Materials on Soil Acidity 2017, 33 (32):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100077 Abstract + ( 590 )   Pot and soil incubation experiment were conducted to study the effect of organic materials (straw, pig manure, peat and lignin) on soil acidity. The results showed that the application of straw decreased the pH in calcareous soil and increased the pH in acidic red soil in the soil incubation experiment and pot experiment with leafused lettuce, but this effect decreased with time. The application of straw did not affect the pH in calcareous soil and yellow brown soil in pot experiment with cherry-red radish and winter wheat significantly. The pH in acidic red soil increased for the first harvest and decreased for the second harvest after the application of straw in the pot experiment with cherry-red radish. Soil pH did not vary with time after the application of pig manure, peat and lignin. The application of pig manure decreased the pH in calcareous soil and increased the pH in acidic red soil and yellow brown soil. The application of peat decreased the pH in calcareous soil and yellow brown soil and it did not affect the pH in acidic red soil significantly. In the pot experiment with cherry-red radish, the application of lignin decreased the pH in calcareous soil and increased the pH in acidic red soil for the first harvest, but it did not vary significantly for the second harvest. In summary, only the application of pig manure could decrease the pH in calcareous soil, increase the pH in acidic red soil and yellow brown soil and it could be used as an effective amendments to improve soil acidity.

  The Interaction of Cadmium and Calcium and Its Ecological Effects on Plants 2017, 33 (32):  77-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070035 Abstract + ( 682 )   Cadmium is one of the most important toxicity elements and it can transfer easily in soil and from soil to plant. Calcium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and it plays an important role in plant growth and signal transduction.[Objective][Method] In order to understand more clearly the ecological effects of cadmium-calcium interactions on plants, explore the interaction mechanism of Cd and Ca coexistence and make the best of the relationship between the Cd and Ca, it is possible to provide scientific foundation for preventing and controlling heavy metals contamination.[Result]This paper reviewed the ecological effects of cadmium-calcium interactions on plants, including: (1) In the process of plant uptake, cadmium and calcium were antagonistic relationship. On the one hand, Cd could inhibit the absorption of Ca by plants to limit the growth of plants; On the other hand, Ca could inhibit the absorption of Cd by plants to relieve cadmium toxicity. (2)The application of exogenous Ca could promote the growth of photosynthetic pigments and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments under Cd toxicity. (3) In the process of regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the application of exogenous Ca could enhance antioxidant enzyme activities to reduce oxidative damage. [Conclusion]Thus, the effects of cadmium and calcium on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activities were antagonistic.

  Energy Analysis of Circular Agriculture Mode of ‘Rice/Grass-Beef-Organic Fertilizer-Vegetable/Tea ’ 2017, 33 (32):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100015 Abstract + ( 618 )   The paper aims to explore the energy flow law of circular agriculture mode of“rice/grass-beeforganic fertilizer-vegetable/tea”, analyze its input and output by the emergy analysis method in Jinjing of Changsha and discuss the emergy self-support ratio, environmental load rate and sustainable development index. The results showed that resource utilization rate was 49.00% and the environmental resources made great contribution to agriculture; environment load ratio was 1.14 which indicated that the production process of the system had less pressure on environment; net emergy yield ratio and sustainable development index of the whole system were 7.41 and 6.49, it illustrated that the production efficiency of the system was high, and full of vitality and development potential. The cyclic utilization of cow dung and watermifoil could reduce environmental pressure, improve the sustainable development index of the agricultural ecosystem and realize the positive circle and sustainable development of agriculture.

  Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Production Demonstration and Promotion of White Gourd 2017, 33 (32):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100037 Abstract + ( 596 )   To reduce the application amount of inorganic fertilizer, improve soil structure and the yield and quality of white gourd, application effects of“Yifeng”series of bio-organic fertilizers on white gourd were studied. The results showed that the growth and propagation of soil microorganisms and beneficial microorganisms were enhanced after the application of bio-organic fertilizer, and the available N, P, K, organic matter and CEC of soil were improved. The growth in stem diameter, leaf area, and fruit weight and commodityrate of white gourd under the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer was higher than that under farm manure and chemical fertilizer treatment. The yield in the experiment plots applied with bio-organic fertilizers was 7.9% and 26.9% higher than that of farm manure and chemical fertilizer, respectively, and the income increased by 1.841 yuan/m2 and 5.985 yuan/m2, respectively.

  High Temperature Days in Xinyang: Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics from 1961 to 2015 王晶晶 and 张方 2017, 33 (32):  92-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100051 Abstract + ( 713 )   The paper aims to study the temporal and spatial changes of high temperature days in Xinyang city under the background of global warming. Based on meteorological monthly report of Xinyang from 1961 to 2015, the paper used the linear tendency method,simple correlation coefficient, path analysis and Morlet wavelet analysis to study the spatial and temporal variation of high temperature days in Xinyang City, The conclusion is that: Most days with high temperatures of 35℃ or over 35℃ in Xinyang City are in late July, and most days with high temperatures of 37 ℃ or over 37 ℃ and days with 40 ℃ or over 40 ℃ are in early August. The high temperature days in mountains and hills plain transition zone are less, and the high temperature days in plains and foothills are more. From 1961 to 2015 the high temperature period of Xinyang City was not significantly shortened or extended. From 1961 to 2015 High Temperature days was not significantly decreased, with the experience of a sharp decline in the first and then slow increase later. The humidity was the main factor affecting the high temperature days change annually in Xinyang, and the pressure, precipitation and sunshine was the secondary factor. There were four obvious periodic oscillations of the high temperature days in Xinyang City, respectively was 6, 21, 30 and 51. In the next few years Xinyang City will have high possibility of high temperatures.

  Method of Forecast-observed Probability Matching: Application in Precipitation Forecast 2017, 33 (32):  100-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110126 Abstract + ( 655 )   To improve the accuracy of the model products for precipitation forecast in flood season, we used the daily precipitation data of 92 observation stations in Jiangxi between March and July from 2015 to 2016 and precipitation forecast produced by the ECMWF (24-72 h), and chose the Gamma function to simulate the probability density distributions of precipitation and to capture the bias information, to match the probability ofthe model precipitation forecast and observation, and correct the different precipitation levels of model, thus to make a corrected precipitation value over ECMWF for every precipitation levels. The regional distribution characteristics of the model corrected precipitation value and the changes of the forecast scores before and after correction were analyzed. The results showed that: for the precipitation levels larger than 25 mm, the model precipitation forecast was less than the observation; for the low precipitation levels such as light rain, the model precipitation forecast was more than the observation; the model’s systematic errors could be effectively corrected after revising. The method of forecast-observation probability matching was effective in improving the quality of precipitation forecast, especially for the heavy precipitation forecast. The shorter the forecast time was, the better the correction would be, and it would have good application effect in business.

  Deep Intra-uterine Insemination Affecting Sow Reproductive Performance 2017, 33 (32):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100071 Abstract + ( 512 )   To explore the effects of deep intra-uterine insemination (DUI) on sow productive performance, 339 multiparous Large White sows were used as research objects. Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) and DUI were used as the main mating manners. The effects of season, semen volume, semen type, frozen semen and sow synchronous estrus on the efficiency of DUI were compared and analyzed for the optimization of semen volume, insemination condition and semen type in the process of mating. The results showed that litter size, and numbers of alive and healthy piglets in DUI treatment were higher than those in IUI treatment both in summer and winter. The indicators were the best when 40 mL semen was used for DUI. When the same amount of semen was inseminated, litter size and number of alive piglets in IUI treatment were significantly lower than those in DUI treatment. However, different semen types did not show significant differences in all the indicators. Pregnancy rate, litter size and number of alive piglets in the treatment of estrus synchronization with fresh semen insemination were significantly higher than those of estrous non-synchronization with fresh or frozen semen insemination. Moreover, litter size, and numbers of alive and weaker piglets were not significantly different in the latter two treatments. In conclusion, DUI can improve sow reproductive performance and increase economic benefits of pig farms to some extent.

  Optimization on Embedding of Antifreeze Proteins from Skin of Nemipterus virgatus 吴珊,,沈瑾烨,陈怡,傅维擎,曾红亮 and 郑宝东 2017, 33 (32):  113-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050125 Abstract + ( 641 )   In order to improve the thermal stability of the anti-freeze skin proteins from Nemipterus virgatus, the porous modified starch was used to embed the anti-freeze proteins from fish skin in this paper, and then their embedding technology and thermal stability were studied. The effects of the ratio of wall material and core materials (W/C ratio), embedding temperature and time on the embedding rate of antifreeze proteins from fish skin were investigated respectively. Moreover, the thermal hysteresis activity was determined. The results showed that the optimum embedding conditions of AFP by the porous modified starch were as following: W/C ratio of 30:1, embedding temperature of 39 ℃, embedding time of 120 min. Under these conditions, the embedding rate could be up to 85.12 ± 1.10%. The effect of variables on the embedding rate of AFP are in the order: embedding temperature > W/C ratio > embedding time. The thermal stability analysis showed that the AFP was protected by the porous modified starch effectively, which improved the thermal stability of AFP of fish skin from Nemipterus virgatus.

  Population Genetic Structure of Acrossocheilus wenchowensis in Mountainous Area of Southern Anhui Province Based on Mitochondrial Cyt b gene 2017, 33 (32):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110005 Abstract + ( 534 )   In order to study the population genetic structure of Acrossocheilus wenchowensis in mountainous area of southern Anhui Province, mitochondrial cytochromeb (Cytb ) gene from 5 populations (Qimen, Yixian, Xiuning, Jingde and Ningguo) with 131 individuals of A. wenchowensis were amplified and sequenced bidirectionally. Finally 14 haplotypes were identified and 38 mutation sites were detected. The average contents of T, C, A and G were 27.0%, 29.7%, 28.2% and 15.1% respectively, A+T content (55.2%) was higher than G+ C content (44.8%). The haplotype diversity (0.0000-0.6799) and nucleotide diversity (0.0000-0.00759) of the 5 populations were all low. The genetic differentiation index (F ST) of populations ranged from 0.2916 to 0.9782. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that there was 52.74% of variance among populations, suggesting that populations had significant genetic differentiation. But there was no obvious genetic difference among populations from different rivers. The molecular phylogenetic tree (NJ- tree) showed that the 5 populations could be divided into two groups, with Qimen and Jingde populations clustered into group 1 and the other three populations clustered into group 2. The results were related to geographic isolation and ecological habit of A. wenchowensis.

  Enzymatic Preparation of Antioxidant Peptides from Hippocampus trimaculatus 2017, 33 (32):  127-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110050 Abstract + ( 607 )   The enzymatic hydrolysis parameters for preparation of antioxidant peptide from seahorse protein were optimized. Base on the results of single factor experiment, content of free amino acids, reducing power and scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were chosen as the measure indexes, the influences of enzyme species, pH value, enzymolysis temperature, reaction time and enzyme in solid matter for enzymatic hydrolysis were inspected. Optimum hydrolysis conditions were confirmed as enzyme in solid matter, 6000 U/g; enzymolysis temperature, 45℃; and reaction time, 9 hours. Content of the free amino acids, reducing power and scavenging activity on DPPH radical under optimum conditions was 4.198 mg/mL, 92.758% and 1.091, respectively. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were generated and laid a solid foundation for the development of health care products.

  Correlation and Path Analysis Between Morphology Traits and Body Weight of Bellamya purificata from Three Populations 2017, 33 (32):  135-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100061 Abstract + ( 535 )   The study aims to clarify correlation between morphological traits and body weight of Bellamya purificata, and explore the factors affecting body weight. Totally 698 individuals were randomly sampled from Taihu Lake, Yangchenghu Lake and a cultured population in Jiangyin. Data of shell height (SH), shell width (SW), aperture height (AH), aperture width (AW), body whorl height (BWH), body weight (BW) and gender were collected. Correlation analysis and path analysis were conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences in SH, SW, AH, AW, BWH, BW and sex ratio among the three populations. Determinant coefficients showed that the main morphological traits affecting body weight were different among the three populations. However, SH was the factor having the strongest correlation and largest direct effect on body weight, i.e. SH was the main factor affecting body weight.

  Floating Bed Cultivation of Houttuynia cordata Affecting Contaminants of GIFT Tilapia Aquaculture Pond 2017, 33 (32):  140-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110134 Abstract + ( 1011 )   To study the purification effect ofHouttuynia cordata cultivated on floating bed (0, 5% planting area) on water quality of intensive aquaculture ponds of GIFT tilapia, contents of the main water quality indexes including organic carbo (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll (Chl), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), total phosphorus (TP) and PO43--P were measured. In addition, contents of TOC, TN and TP in sediment were also measured. The results showed that contents of TOC, TN, NH4+-N both in the open water and floating bed area decreased significantly after floating bed cultivation ofH. cordata , content of Chl decreased significantly in the open water in May. Contents of COD, Chl, TP and PO43--P significantly decreased in floating bed area and open water, and content of NO3--N significantly decreased in the floating bed area in June. In July, contents of COD, Chl, TN, TP decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water, and content of TOC decreased significantly in the floating bed area. In August, contents of TN, TP decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water, contents of TOC and COD in the floating bed area, content of Chl in the open water decreased significantly. In September, content of TOC decreased significantly in the floating bed area and open water, content of Chl in the floating bed area, and contents of COD, TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N in the open water decreased significantly. In October, contents of COD, Chl, TP decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water, content of NH4+-N in the floating bed area and content of TN in the open water decreased significantly. In June, contents of TOC, TN, TP in the sediment with floating bed decreased significantly; in July and September, content of TN decreased significantly. In conclusion, contents of COD, TN and TP in the water and contents of TOC, TN and TP in sediment significantly reduced in the tilapia ponds after floating bed cultivation ofH. cordata . The total yield and survival rate of GIFT tilapia significantly increased, and the feed coefficient rate and biological indexes reduced.

  Optimization of Tetrahymena thermophila Expression Vector 朱春华,池洪树,龚晖 and Theodore G. Clark 2017, 33 (32):  145-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060049 Abstract + ( 829 )   The freshwater ciliate,Tetrahymena thermophila , has recently emerged as a novel manufacturing platform for recombinant subunit vaccines. We aim to further improve the screening efficiency of recombinant Tetrahymena to make it more widely used in the preparation of recombinant subunit vaccine. In this study, we constructed a new vector with the codon optimized puromycin resistance cassette replaced paromomycin resistance cassette to improve the screen efficiency and make the vector more optimum for expression. We also substitute thermo-inducible promoter HSP70 for MTT1 promoter which was induced by CdCl2. The expression of foreign proteins was triggered simply by increasing the cultural temperature. Construction of this vector would widen the application of T. thermophila expression system to preparation of more subunit vaccines.

  Adjustment History and Improvement Measures of Marine Capture Fishery Resources Enhancement and Conservation Fee: Taking Shandong and Zhejiang as Examples 2017, 33 (32):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110111 Abstract + ( 596 )   Fishery resources enhancement and conservation fee is an important economic lever for adjustment of industrial structure of marine fisheries. The adjustment process of measures for the collection of fishery resources fee was summarized, and the collection standard and related management enlightenment of the common marine fishery resource fee in Shandong Province and Zhejiang Province were analyzed. Based on the related data, we calculated the receivable standard, and found that the actual collection standard was lower than the calculation results. Then we analyzed the challenges for amendment on the collection of marine fishery resource fee, and found that reducing the burden on agricultural producers and adjustment of oil price subsidy policies were the main challenges. Finally, we put forward some suggestions, such as continuing to implement the marine fishery fee system, refining the standard of marine fishery resource fee, reasonably determining the collection standard, improving the fee standard of resource-destructive type fishing and implementing fishery resource tax.

  Possibility of Applying Garlic Hydroponics to Aquaculture: A Preliminary Study 2017, 33 (32):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110011 Abstract + ( 583 )   A microcosm study was carried out to explore the possibility of applying garlic hydroponics to aquaculture. The experiment of planting garlic in tanks cultivating Brachydanio rerio showed that the natural mortality of Brachydanio rerio increased significantly when the initial density of garlic reached 4.75 g/L, which may be related to reduction of dissolved oxygen. The experiment of planting garlic in tanks cultivating Carassius auratusgibelio showed that planting garlic led to the significantly decreasing concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index and nitrite nitrogen in water. Among these parameters, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen showed the biggest reduction of 89.1% after 33 days of cultivation (compared with the control group). The garlic hydroponics showed a good prospect of application in aquaculture for its good effect on water purification and its potential antibacterial ability. But it is noteworthy that the planting density needs to be controlled for the low dissolved oxygen caused by high planting density.

  Comparison on Garlic Industry Development of Zhongmu in Henan with Qixian in Henan and Jinxiang in Shandong 2017, 33 (32):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070137 Abstract + ( 1017 )   In order to explore garlic industry development path with its own characteristics in Zhongmu, we compared the industrialization process, characteristics, policy, scale, brand, foreign exchange earning and organic garlic planting of Zhongmu in Henan with that of Qixian in Henan and Jinxiang in Shandong. With reference to the successful experience of Qixian and Jinxiang, we summarized the development path of garlic industry in Zhongmu. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to speed up the industrialization process of Zhongmu garlic industry, such as creating suitable environment for development, strengthening the supply side reform, planning and developing garlic base and leading enterprises, improving the market system, building online and offline platform, increasing investment and allocating special funds.