Abstract: To grasp the characteristics of wild European plum and solve the problems in its breeding, the authors took wild European plum growing in Xinjiang as the research object, based on the observation of seed phenotype, studied the microscopic structure and scanned electronic microscopic morphology of the shell and the paraffin sections of the seed coat and its embryo. Results showed that: (1) shell of the wild European plum was elliptic, slightly pointed at both ends, light brown, with a hard shell and rough surface; the kernel was flat nearly ovoid, dicotyledonous, white, and the seed coat of the wild European plum had vertical stripes; (2) under the electron microscope, the ornamentation of seed coat had irregularly shaped fold up, being suborbicular and long elliptic, honeycomb shaped and had arranged irregular nodular processes; the ornamentation of seed shell appeared multi-level irregular and polygon connecting holes with rough edges; (3) the paraffin sections of microscopic structure showed that seed coat of the wild European plum had three layers, the surface cells of the embryo were rectangular, arranged closely and neatly. The seed morphology of wild European plum is similar to that of other Prunus species, but its microscopic morphology has important research value in plant classification and genetic relationship research.