Abstract: In order to improve the compensation mechanism for farmland occupied by non-agricultural construction projects, the National Food Strategic Reserve Base has sufficient reserves. This study used spatial analysis, empirical research, and other methods to analyze the changes in the increase and decrease of cultivated land from 2000-2014 in each administrative bureau of Heilongjiang Reclamation. It is found that there are problems such as lack of the system, "dominance and inferiority", unreasonable use of land by farmers and limitations of natural conditions during the implementation of the policy of compensating for the balance of cultivated land. By drawing on the innovative experience of the Jiansanjiang Administration"s compensation for arable land, and perfecting the specialized system and regulations in the reclamation area, it is not simply to use the number as a criterion for measuring the balance of arable land, but also to use the modern technology to realize the full use of the topsoil to help the reclamation area and even the rest of the country. The region fully realizes the balance of arable land compensation, so as to achieve the sustainable development of arable land and safeguard national food security.