Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.21 Published:26 July 2018

  Meteorological Condition: Effect on Rice Growth in Neijiang 2018, 34 (21):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050108 Abstract + ( 869 )   The paper aims to quantitatively discuss the effect of meteorological conditions on rice paniclestem. Based on the physiological characteristics and growth rules of rice, the authors built a model of rice growth according to the vegetative growth period and reproductive growth period by the method of dynamics. On this basis, the authors studied the effect of three comprehensive factors (including temperature, precipitation, sunshine) on rice panicle-stem with Forcal and Matlab. The results showed that: (1) the energy advantage brought by vegetative growth could not be completely transformed into the storage advantage of rice panicles, while the environmental condition of reproductive growth period was more critical to rice yield; (2) both poor nutrition and over luxuriant growth brought about negative effect on the accumulation of rice panicle; (3) the model could quantitatively simulate the growth of rice from the perspective of energy, and could well reflect the influence of meteorological condition on rice growth.

  Suitable Sowing Rate for Biodegradable Tray of Hybrid Late Rice 2018, 34 (21):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050137 Abstract + ( 816 )   To investigate the optimum sowing rate for biodegradable tray of hybrid late rice, using‘Tianyouhua 9’as the test material, the research was conducted with the sowing rate of 60, 70 and 80 g/tray. The results indicated that the sowing rate had significant effect on the quality of seedlings raised by biodegradable tray. With sowing rate increasing, leaf age, the number of root per plant,SPAD of penultimate leaf, stem width and the dry weight of seedling decreased; plant height increased; the dry matter amount of leaf, stem and panicle, as well as the harvest index reduced. The less the sowing rate, the faster the roots grew; the earlier the tillering was. The treatment of 70 g/tray had the maximum tiller number and effective tillers. With different sowing rates, the difference between grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate was not obvious. The yield of 60 g/tray and 70 g/tray increased by 237.75 and 228.15 kg/hm2, respectively, compared with that of 80 g/tray, and the growth rate was 2.97% and 2.85% , respectively. Taken together, the optimum sowing rate for biodegradable tray of hybrid late rice is 60 g/tray.

  Breeding of New Soybean Variety‘Fendou 96’with More Four-seed Pods and Ideal Model Construction 2018, 34 (21):  14-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110061 Abstract + ( 1014 )   To breed more four-seed pods varieties, construct the ideal model, and explore new ways for highyield breeding and super-high-yield breeding, the physiological and ecological characteristics of‘Fendou 96’ are analyzed by spss18. The variety‘Fendou 96’with elliptic leaves and more four- seed pods and 34 accessions with lanceolate leaves and four-seed pods were used as materials. The ideal model was constructed by stepwise regression method for 10 yield-related agronomic traits. The results showed that plants with fourseed pods were more than 85% in‘Fendou 96’population, and the maximum number of four-seed pods per plant was 49, accounting for 30.25% of the total pods. The yield of‘Fendou 96’increased with the increasing number of four-seed pods. WhenR 2=0.939, the model fitting was the best:Y =-87.583+0.415X 1-5.155X 2 + 10.094X 3+13.459X 4. The regression equation showed that there was a significant linear regression relationship between yield and biomass (X 1), plant height (X 2), 100-grain weight (X 3) and the number of main stem nodes (X 4). To improve the number of grains per pod and breed varieties with more four-seed pods is a new way for high-yield variety breeding. The ideal model of soybean varieties is the short internode dense pod type with lodging resistance, multi-seed pod, and suitable for mechanized harvesting.

  Research Status of Planting and Physiology of Adzuki Bean in China 2018, 34 (21):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070068 Abstract + ( 937 )   Adzuki bean is an important legume crops which planted in China in a wide range. Combines a large number domestic research results, this review summarized the research progress of cultivation techniques, introduced the physiological progress in detail. Based on the problems existing in the plant process of adzuki bean, we put forward the corresponding solution strategy, and prospect the future research direction in our country and the development tendency, to provide theoretical basis for the later research.

  Effect of NaCl Stress on Greening of Postharvest Potatoes Under Light 2018, 34 (21):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090019 Abstract + ( 772 )   To study the effect of NaCl stress treatment on greening and toxic glycoalkaloids generation of postharvst potato under light, potatoes were first dipped in 20% NaCl solution for 6 h and 12 h respectively and then stored under the lighting condition to conduct experiment in this paper. The results showed that, compared with control, two NaCl stress treatments both improved the overall sensory quality of potatoes significantly and the shelf-life was double that of control. NaCl stress treatments inhibited potato peel greening better. Under the same time during illumination, the value of a* and chlorophyll contents of potatoes with NaCl stress treatment were lower than those of control significantly. After 8 days’ shelf-life, the glycoalkaloids content of two treatments were significantly lower than that of those of control. During 8 days’ shelf-life, the glycoalkaloids content of control increased by 122% while the glycoalkaloids content of NaCl treatment for 6 h and 12 h increased by 68.86% and 91.42% respectively. So, 20% NaCl treatment could inhibit potato greening and glycoalkaloids generation effectively. And 20% NaCl treatment also had obvious inhibitory effect on sprout of potatoes.

  EMS Mutagenesis Optimization and Mutants Screening of Wax Gourd 2018, 34 (21):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010142 Abstract + ( 621 )   To study the effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) induced mutation technology in the germplasm resources creation of wax gourd and to explore a suitable wax gourd seed induced mutation system, wax gourd seeds were subjected to mutagenesis using EMS phosphate buffer solution, and the effects of the treatment concentration and treating time on the wax gourd seed germination and growth were investigated. Moreover, the biological characters of M1 and M2 mutants were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the optimized induction condition was 1.2% EMS for 12 h. Under this condition, the seed germination frequency and seedling frequency of wax gourd were 54.67% and 51.83%, respectively, close to the lethal dose of 50%. And then 10000 wax gourd seeds were treated with this condition, 4752 seeds were sowed and pregerminated and 4500 converted into plant. The plants had the typical characteristics such as true leaf malformation and yellowing after EMS treatment, it proved that EMS induction was successful and 586 self- crossed wax gourds were obtained by self-pollination. After planting M2 strains, related mutants such as leaves, flowers, fruits and plant types were obtained, and the mutation frequencies were 27.22%, 26.80%, 20.47% and 16.06%, respectively. The total mutation frequency of wax gourd was 11.53%. This study establishes the EMS mutagenesis system of wax gourd seed and constructs the mutant library of wax gourd seed, laying a material foundation for the functional gene research of wax gourd.

  Reducing Pesticide with the Mixture of Pyroligneous and Charcoal: Effect on Tobacco Growth and Disease 2018, 34 (21):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050114 Abstract + ( 527 )   In this paper, through the field plot experiment, we study the influences of reducing pesticide combined with pyroligneous acid and charcoal and foliage spraying pyroligneous acid on tobacco agronomic traits, yield, quality, disease, and economic effects. [Result]The results shows that: compared with complete use of pesticides, reducing pesticides combined with pyroligneous acid and charcoal and foliage spraying pyroligneous acid can improve agronomic traits during vigorous growth period and inhibit the occurrence of diseases, without obvious changes in yield, quality and output value. [Conclusion]Pesticides of 10-20% reduction combined with the considerable amount foliage spraying pyroligneous acid can assure tobacco normal growth and satisfying demand of yield, quality and economic effects.

  Effects of Water Soluble Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Lee Under Chemical Fertilizer Reduction 庞法松 2018, 34 (21):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060093 Abstract + ( 459 )   To understand the effects of water soluble fertilizers on yield and quality ofBrassica campestris ssp. chinensis Lee under the condition of chemical fertilizer reduction, 5 kinds of water soluble fertilizer were chosen, conventional fertilizer was used as control, under the condition of total nutrient fertilizer reduced by 34.5%, water soluble fertilizer test on growth factors, lack performance, yield, production efficiency and quality of Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Lee was conducted. The results showed that: under the condition of fertilizer reduction, the comprehensive performance of (15-6-9) and (9-6-15)“Wotu”amino acid water soluble fertilizer was better, the yield increased by 15.79% and the quality improved significantly, which was suitable for local application. The yield increased most (17.64%) under“Youduoshouyi”major element water soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+Te), but the quality decreased, especially the content of vitamin C was only 70.77% of CK; the yield increased by 12.97% under“Liheng”major element water soluble fertilizer (31-10- 10+Te), but the nutritional quality was poor; the yield and efficiency increasing effect of“Meinong”water soluble fertilizer (20-10-20+Te) and“Feiernuo”25-5-10 and 10-7.5-20 seaweed fertilizer were not ideal. The experimental research showed that: the NPK nutrient input ratio should be 1:0.45-0.5:0.75 when water soluble fertilizer was applied toBrassica campestris ssp.chinensis Lee. It could not only ensure the significant increase of yield under the fertilizer reduction condition, but also achieve better product quality, and the optimal production efficiency.

  Application of Functional-structural Plant Modeling in Planting Density Optimized Design of Cucumber 2018, 34 (21):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070064 Abstract + ( 474 )   The aim is to analyze the light distribution and photosynthesis characters of cucumber canopies by using functional-structural plant models and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the planting density of cucumber in winter. Virtual cucumber canopies structure model under the treatment with different plant spacing and row spacing in autumn and winter was constructed by using parametrization method. Combining with light distribution model and photosynthesis model, the influence of plant and row spacing change on leaves distribution of canopy, light interception and photosynthetic rate was simulated and analyzed. The results showed that as plant and row spacing increased, light condition in the canopy was improved, meanwhile, light interception of leaves of azimuths towards north direction and inside of rows was promoted. The distribution frequency of leaves in the north and inside the row increased obviously. From the light interception per plant, the change of plant and row spacing increased the light interception by 34.78% and 23.18% , respectively. The simulation result of light interception was combined with photosynthesis model, and then the optimal plant and row spacing was obtained, which was 45.70 cm (plant spacing) and 43.22 cm (row spacing), respectively.

  Design and Application of Bio-ecological Technology for Wastewater Treatment in a Small Pig Farm 2018, 34 (21):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050127 Abstract + ( 569 )   Pig breeding wastewater has the characteristics of complex components and limited treatment capacity. Therefore, bio-ecological technology becomes the key and basic technology for treatment of breeding wastewater from small pig farms. In this study, based on the dry feces process popularized at present, a bio-ecological technology-based combined system with source separation, oxidation pond, three-dimensional bio-filter and constructed wetlands was designed for a small pig farm in Jiangxi Province, and the effect of the system was evaluated. Our results indicated that this system had a high rate of contaminant removal efficiency, and could meet the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB 18596-2001).

  Design and Experiment of an Efficient Coupling Irrigation System of Water-fertilizer and Gas 黄蔚,肖卫华, and 2018, 34 (21):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060073 Abstract + ( 573 )   The aim is to solve two problems in traditional irrigation agriculture, which are“water oxygen contradictions”and“root system grow to moisture and oxygen”. With the application of modern technology of water and fertilizer coupling and aerated irrigation, an efficient water, fertilizer and gas coupling irrigation system was designed. The cultivation experiments of rice, cucumber and other crops were carried out by applying oxygation system. The results showed that compared with conventional irrigation, water-fertilizer and gas coupling irrigation could promote crop root growth and increase root activity, which could maximize the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil and increase crop productivity, so the system could not only improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and yield, but also provide a new way for alleviating the agricultural non-point source pollution from the source.

  The Development Law of Wetting Front in Shallow Drip Irrigation: Experimental Research 2018, 34 (21):  75-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070143 Abstract + ( 585 )   The paper aims to carry out a laboratory test on the influence of emitter depth and the flow on the development of wet body in drip irrigation, according to the development demand of alfalfa shallow drip irrigation. Using sandy loam from shallow drip irrigation experimental zone of alfalfa in Awei Irrigation district, Qinghe County, Alay area, Xinjiang, the authors carried out the test on the development process and characteristics variation of wetting front in shallow drip irrigation aiming at different dripper depth and flow, and set 3 dripper depth treatments of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, the flow ranged from 0.8-2.5 L/h. The results showed that: the wetting front shape of 0 flux surface under different depth and flow was approximately elliptic; the horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front increased with the infiltration time respectively and there was power function relationship between horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front and infiltration time; the ratio of horizontal and vertical migration distance of wetting front increased with the increasing of dripper depth; the vertical migration distance of wetting front first increased then decreased with the increasing vertical depth, the vertical migration distance and vertical depth had a quadratic function relationship. The above results have reference value for the parameters design of shallow drip irrigation.

  Composting Efficiency of Typical Animal Manures Amended with Mushroom Dregs 刘 超,,,,,李 荣 and 2018, 34 (21):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050131 Abstract + ( 775 )   The paper aims to investigate the dynamic changes of physical and chemical parameters during aerobic composting process of 3 typical kinds of manure amended with mushroom dregs, so as to provide a theoretical basis for resourceful treatment of these wastes to be organic fertilizer. The authors adopted industrialized thermophilic aerobic composting process to investigate the composting efficiency for the mixtures of fresh cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure-based materials amended with mushroom dregs at the primary ratio of 1:2, and to monitor the dynamic changes of the temperature, pH value, ammonium nitrate and other physical and chemical indicators during composting. The results showed that: during composting, all piles with temperature above 55℃ lasted for more than 15 days; and temperature in all piles reached 70℃; at the end of composting, the pH value of samples from cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure- based treatments was 7.59, 7.81, and 7.48, respectively, in line with the general standard that the compost pH value should be between 5.5 to 8.5; the germination index of the produced composts were all higher than 80%; and the total nutrient (N + P2O5 + K2O) was 4.31% , 5.01% , and 4.57% , respectively, only the chicken manure treatment satisfied the organic manure nutrient standard (NY 525-2012); ammonium nitrogen content of all treatments gradually decreased by 45.6% , 29.2% and 33.9% , respectively, while nitrate nitrogen amount increased to 2.59 g/kg, 2.57 g/kg, 2.15 g/kg, respectively. The results can provide a theoretical basis for a moderate scale farm to produce organic fertilizer.

  Study on the Sustainable Development of Agroecosystem in Hilly and Hilly Areas of Loess Hills Based on Emergy——A Case Study of Yonghe County, Shanxi Province 2018, 34 (21):  91-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090045 Abstract + ( 519 )   The study aims to reveal the dynamic changes of agroecosystem and the unique man-earth relationship in agricultural production, and provides an effective theoretical basis for the sustainable development of regional agro-ecosystem, select a typical county-Yonghe County as a research case. [Methods] It was quantitative analysis of input and output of agricultural ecosystems in Yonghe County from 2000 to 2015 by emergy theory, and the sustainable development ability was comprehensively studied. [Results]The results show that: (1) The emergy input-output structure of Yonghe County''s agro-ecosystem is optimized continuously, and the agricultural production efficiency is gradually improved, but the system has strong dependence on natural environment resources but insufficient use, because of the insufficient economicemergy input , the development of agriculture was restricted.(2) From the perspective of emergy input, the renewable emergy of environmental resources has made a great contribution to agricultural production. The inputs of renewable organic emergy is gradually reduced and the inputs of non-renewable industrial supplemental emergy is increasing gradually. (3) From the perspective of emergy output, its output increased significantly, planting, forestry, animal husbandry tend to synergistic development, highlight the advantages of industry. [Conclusion] During the 16 years, the agricultural ecosystem function of Yonghe County has developed，the sustainable development ability was in a lower degree (average index 1.03), but notstable.

  Effects of Nano-carbon Water-retain Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Citrus Growth in Citrus Field 柯 超,张世伟,, and 黄占斌 2018, 34 (21):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050092 Abstract + ( 689 )   [Objective]In order to reveal the effect of reducing the amount of novel nano-carbon humic acid water-retaining fertilizer (CSF) on soil microbial communities structure and citrus growth.[Method] In this study, conventional fertilization was as the control (KC1) in Wanzhou citrus orchard of Three Gorges Reservoir area. Reduction of CSF 0%(KC2), 10% (KC3), 20% (KC4), 30% (KC5) and 40% (KC6) were used to analyze the changes of soil bacterial community structure, citrus yield and quality. [Result]The results showed that the Observed-species, Shannon index, Chao1 index and PD_whole_tree of KC6 were higher than those of KC1, and were the same as KC2. The abundance of Kanthocyanidaeae was the highest in KC5. Compared with KC1, the Kanthoxicaceaeaceae in KC3, KC4 and KC6 were significantly decreased, and the levels of Nitrosomonadaceae and Pseudomonasaceae were higher than that of KC1 after the treatment of KC6. Sphingomonas was lower than that of KC1, but Burkholderia and Pseudomonas were significantly higher than those of KC1.. It was found that the similarity among treatments was small after bacterial community similarity clustering analysis, and the yield of citrus was reduced by CSF after fertilization, when the fertilization was reduced by 30%, the yield was increased by 4.50%, whist the CSF was reduced of 40% the yield was reduced of 4.14%. After the application of CSF compound fertilizer, citrus quality in the CSF constant fertilization and reduction of 10% and 40%, the quality did not significantly change, and in the reduction of 20%, 30%, the quality was significantly decreased.[Conclusion]The results showed the diversity of soil bacterial community structure, the yield and quality of citrus were changed with the reduction of CSF fertilization.

  Analysis of Soil Texture and Soil Nutrients in Yantai Cabernet Gernischt Vineyard 2018, 34 (21):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070003 Abstract + ( 580 )   In order to explore the texture and nutrition characteristics of soil in the Cabernet Gernischet planting areas in Yantai, Shandong Province, the researchers conducted the experimental investigation and analysis of 23 Cabernet Gernischet vineyards in four regions; indicators such as texture classification and nutrient content of soil were analyzed. The results are as follows: The soil in the Cabernet Gernischet planting area is coarse in texture, in which no fewer than 2mm gravels account for 10% or more; the soil is basically gravel soil; the soil that has no more than 2mm particles is mostly loam-type sandy loamy soil, accounting for 74.8% of all soil samples. The soil that has less than or equal to 2mm particles, mainly consists of coarse sand (2~0.2mm) and fine sand (0.2~0.02mm), which totally account for 80%. In the planting areas, the content of organic matters contained in the soil is low, averagely accounting for 0.82%; in terms of grade proportion in nutrient content, the content of organic matters is mainly concentrated at the moderate and low level, respectively accounting for 34.8% and 39.2%. The pH value of soil is 6.03, that is slightly acidic. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 31.11 mg/kg, and mainly concentrated at the extremely low level, accounting for 88.4%. The content of available phosphorus is 16.44 mg/kg, the proportion of low level is 53.62%. The content of available potassium is 105.76 mg/kg, the proportion of low level is 46.4%. Available copper content is 0.46 mg/kg, the proportion of medium level is 59.4%. Available zinc is 0.54 mg/kg, the proportion of low level is 52.2%. Available Fe is 19.05 mg/kg, the proportion of high and proper level is 44.9% and 49.3%. The variation coefficients of content of available nutrients in the soil are ordered: Cu> P> K > N> Mg> Zn > Ca> Fe. As the coefficient of variation of Cu reaches 113.14%, it is strong variation. The average PH value of soil in Penglai is 5.56, and its variation amplitude was 4.43~6.68, obviously showing the trend of acidification, and the content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium are low.

  Soil Moisture by Automatic and Manual Observation: A Comparative Analysis in Mingshui 2018, 34 (21):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050109 Abstract + ( 512 )   The paper aims to study the applicability of automatic station data in Mingshui Heilongjiang. The author compared soil moisture content under manual observation and automatic observation in Mingshui from February 28, 2013 to November 8, 2014, and analyzed the differences, difference probabilities and the correlation coefficient of soil moisture obtained by automatic observation station and manual observation, then built a correction equation by comparing the data to eliminate some differences. The results showed that: the correlation between the data of manual and automatic observation in Mingshui was significant in all layers from February 28, 2013 to November 8, 2014, and the relative humidity of soil observed by automatic station was higher than that by manual observation, the difference between shallow soil 0-10 cm and deep soil 30-40 cm was relatively small, the difference between soil layer 20-30 cm and soil layer 40-50 cm was more obvious. Finally, a revised equation was built which eliminated some differences between the data obtained by automatic observation and manual observation. The variation trends of data by manual observation and automatic observation were consistent, the moisture data observed by automatic observation station could replace those of manual observation.

  Ecological Environment Change and Driving Force in Shiyang River Basin in Recent 30 Years 2018, 34 (21):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060033 Abstract + ( 596 )   In order to provide scientific basis for protecting the ecological environment of Shiyang river basin, the author analyzed the change tendency of the ecological environment before and after the treatment of Shiyang river basin, which took the climate change and human activities as the main factors. The results showed that the temperature significantly increased, the precipitation slightly increased, the sunshine hours increased, and the evaporation volume increased in Shiyang river basin from 1987 to 2016. The area of vegetation coverage increased, and the area of NDVI increased by 0.9% from 0.3-0.5 in 2007 to 2016 year compared with 2000-2006 year. Since the 2007 year Shiyang river basin management, the number of machine wells and arable land areas decreased compared the twenty years before. The annual average runoff significantly increased of Shiyang river, and the released water significantly increased from Caiqi flag station to the downstream from 2000 to 2016 year. The movement of sand dunes and the edge of the desert obviously slowed down, and the groundwater depth recovered steadily in shiyang river basin from 2005 to 2016. Since reappeared water of the qingtu lake, the water area increased by an average of 3.59 square kilometers per year, the average depth of groundwater level rose by an average of 0.12 meters per year. The ecological environment had improved significantly of Shiyang river basin.

  A Strong Hail Event in Guangxi in 2013: Diagnostics and Early Warning Characteristics 2018, 34 (21):  127-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020056 Abstract + ( 708 )   To improve the accuracy of nowcasting and early warning for hail storm, we studied the environmental conditions and radar echo structure of a severe hail event in Guangxi in 2013 by using conventional observation data and NCEP reanalysis data and Doppler radar data. The results showed that: this severe hail event was caused by the 500 hPa plateau trough, the south trough, the low level shear line and the surface cold front; the strong positive vorticity advection in front of the upper trough, strong vertical wind shear between 0-6 km, strong and unstable atmospheric stratification stability, and the appropriate height of 0℃ and -20℃ layers were all conducive to the occurrence and development of hail storms; the severe hail storms occurred in the water vapor convergence zone; the typical supercell storm which had low level hook echo, bounded weak echo area, three body strong scattering (TBSS) and deep persistent mesoscale cyclone produced large hails. Thus, TBSS, 60 dBz echo extending to -20℃ layer and sustained longer time, the strong divergence at the top of storm can be used as indexes to identify severe hail storms.

  Two Types of Solid Precipitation in Winter of Jiangsu: Sounding Data Contrast 2018, 34 (21):  136-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030130 Abstract + ( 680 )   We studied the atmospheric stratification features and the formation reasons of snow only and ice particles days, aiming to enhance the distinguishing ability of different precipitation phases, provide more accurate meteorological services for agricultural production and meet the needs of agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation and government decision making. Taking two different types of solid precipitation weather processes in winter of Jiangsu as an example, based on the surface eteorological observation data, sounding data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, we emphatically analyzed the difference of temperature and humidity profiles as well as the evolution of vertical movement and temperature advection in the two weather processes. The results showed that: in the process of snow only days, the temperature vertical profile was below 0℃ from near the ground to the sky, which approached but not passed through 0℃ isotherms; while in the weather process of ice particles, the temperature vertical profile passed through 0℃ isotherms many times and the near ground temperature was above 0℃. The up and down configuration in melting layer and freezing layer helped the solid precipitation refreeze after melting. The formation of melting layer and freezing layer was related to warm and cold advection, respectively. The dry layer with low relative humidity existed under 850 hPa when the ice particles weather happened. The dry layer formation was associated with sinkin movement of dry and cold air and invasion of the dry advection, moreover, the location heights of both dry layer and freezing layer were consistent. The liquid precipitation content led to further decreasing of temperature in freezing layer by evaporation and heat absorption when passing through dry layer, which indicated that the positive feedback mechanism was the key factor to the formation of ice particles.

  Application of Molecular Markers in Livestock Breeding 2018, 34 (21):  145-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110131 Abstract + ( 432 )   In order to apply molecular marker technique to livestock breeding. This paper concludes the application research of genetic diversity analysis, relationship analysis, genetic map construction, gene localization, Heterosis prediction, gender identification and disease resistance breeding of the molecular markers in livestock breeding. It is suggested that phenotypic traits, genealogy and molecular markers should be applied to the genetic breeding of livestock. It is suggested that the combination of phenotypic traits, pedigree and molecular markers should be applied to the genetic breeding of livestock.

  Baseline Sensitivity of Prochloraz to Cowpea Root Rot Fungus in Sichuan 2018, 34 (21):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020014 Abstract + ( 466 )   To evaluate the resistance level of cowpea root rot fungus to prochloraz, and properly use prochloraz to control cowpea root rot, baseline sensitivity of prochloraz against 63 single spore Fusarium oxysporum isolated from cowpea in Sichuan was established with the mycelial growth inhibition method. The frequency distribution of theEC 50 values of the tested isolates was a unimodal curve, with the meanEC 50 value of (0.0063± 0.0028) mg/L. The sensitivity data could be utilized as a baseline for monitoring the shift of sensitivity in the cowpeaF. oxysporum isolates to prochloraz. Among the tested strains, 61.9% were susceptible strains, 38.1% were low-resistant strains, and no high- and mid-resistant strains were found. Therefore, as long as the field resistance monitoring is strengthened, prochloraz still can be used as a control agent for cowpea root rot in Sichuan.

  International Investment Potential Evaluation of Natural Rubber Industry: A Case of Cote d’Ivoire 2018, 34 (21):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060084 Abstract + ( 531 )   [Objective］To provide investment advices for China’s natural rubber industry to conduct business in Africa, [Objective］an appraisal system of international investment potential of rubber plantation is established to evaluate the development potential of natural rubber industry in Cote d’Ivoire, based on the theory of international investment and industrial development. The factor analysis method is used to obtain the key factors influencing the transnational development of the natural rubber industry and a comprehensive evaluation is made. [Result］The results show that: better foundation of natural rubber industry, higher degree of resource exploitation potential, and broader prospects of economic development have positive impacts on the international investment of rubber plantation. [Objective］According to the evaluation scores, although the development environment of natural rubber industry in Cote d’Ivoire is still unstable enough, it presents an upward development trend. The investments from China natural rubber industry can give a priority to Cote d’Ivoire as one of the main destinations in Africa.

  Cultivated Land Balance in Heilongjiang Reclamation Region: Problems and Countermeasures 2018, 34 (21):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030156 Abstract + ( 498 )   In order to improve the compensation mechanism for farmland occupied by non-agricultural construction projects, the National Food Strategic Reserve Base has sufficient reserves. This study used spatial analysis, empirical research, and other methods to analyze the changes in the increase and decrease of cultivated land from 2000-2014 in each administrative bureau of Heilongjiang Reclamation. It is found that there are problems such as lack of the system, "dominance and inferiority", unreasonable use of land by farmers and limitations of natural conditions during the implementation of the policy of compensating for the balance of cultivated land. By drawing on the innovative experience of the Jiansanjiang Administration"s compensation for arable land, and perfecting the specialized system and regulations in the reclamation area, it is not simply to use the number as a criterion for measuring the balance of arable land, but also to use the modern technology to realize the full use of the topsoil to help the reclamation area and even the rest of the country. The region fully realizes the balance of arable land compensation, so as to achieve the sustainable development of arable land and safeguard national food security.