Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.22 Published:07 August 2018

  Direct Sowing Rice and Conventional High Quality Rice in Henan Alongside the Yellow River: Grain Quality Comparative Analysis 2018, 34 (22):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030020 Abstract + ( 939 )   To study the difference of grain quality between direct sowing rice and conventional transplanting rice alongside the Yellow River rice cultivation area, we selected 6 direct sowing rice varieties, 8 transplanting rice varieties and 7 high quality commercial rice varieties to compare their milling quality, appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality. The results showed that: compared with transplanting rice and commercial rice, the milled rice rate of direct sowing rice was higher than that of transplanting rice, while the chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree, amylose content, food taste value of direct sowing rice was lower than that of transplanting rice, but higher than that of commercial rice; and the protein content of direct sowing rice was higher than that of transplanting rice, but lower than that of commercial rice; in addition, the direct sowing rice varieties had higher breakdown viscosity, smaller setback viscosity, higher valine and cystine content, lower methionine content, and the other amino acid contents were all lower than those of transplanting rice varieties, but higher than those of the commercial rice. Combined with all the quality traits, it is found that among the 6 direct sowing rice varieties, the processing quality, appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality of‘Xindao 568’,‘Zhengdao 201’ and ‘Xindao 567’are comparative to those of conventional high-quality rice. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the rice cultivation by direct sowing with ensuring yield and quality through variety selection.

  Wheat Straw Returning and Tillage Patterns Affecting Grain Yield and Quality of Rice 2018, 34 (22):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070023 Abstract + ( 838 )   The aim is to study the effects of tillage patterns and wheat straw returning on grain yield and quality of rice.Japonica rice cultivar‘Nanjing 5055’was used as the material, 5 treatments combined with two tillage patterns [ditch-buried (DB) and rotary tillage (RT)] and different wheat straw amounts were set up, including no straw returning (CK), half straw returning with ditch-buried (DB-HS), total straw returning with ditch-buried (DB-TS), half straw returning with rotary tillage (RT-HS) and total straw returning with rotary tillage (RT-TS). The yield, quality and starch viscosity of rice were detected. The results showed that compared with CK, wheat straw returning all increased the yields and the yields of RT-HS and DB-TS increased by 5.3% and 3.6%, respectively. Wheat straw returning also improved the processing quality of rice, appearance quality and nutrient quality in different ways. But it had no positive effects on cooking quality. RT- TS decreased the values of peak viscosity, breakdown and gel consistency and increased the setback value and amylose content in rice flour leading to the poor cooking and tasting quality. The above results indicated that DB could obtain higher yield and quality of rice than that of RT, along with the increase of straw returning.

  NPK Uptake and Utilization of Hybrid Rice‘Shenyou 9586’Under Different Aeration Treatments 2018, 34 (22):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040133 Abstract + ( 1017 )   In order to explore the regularity of the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in hybrid rice with different aerobic treatments, a simulated microarea experiment on Shenyou 9586 was carried out to compare the content of N, P, K in the plant and alkali in the soil. The results show that with the different aerobic treatments the total weight of each pocket of grains can increase by 23.27% to 88.34% compared with that of the conventional controlled group, and that the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil increases by 9.09% to 51.60% when harvested, which indicates that the increase of oxygen is beneficial not only to the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also to the accumulation of dry matter and the improvement of the yield of the crop. Aerobic treatment also helps to improve the content of available nitrogen in the soil. When harvested, the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in all the experimental groups is higher than that in the soil before transplanting, despite the fact that before transplanting, the former is lower than the latter.The experiment more accurately reflects the law of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium intake of Hybrid Rice with different growth conditions.

  Xinjiang Spring Wheat at Germination Stage: Evaluation of Drought Resistance 2018, 34 (22):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040141 Abstract + ( 780 )   To understand the drought resistance of different spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang, 20% PEG- 6000 was used as water stress agent, germination rate, germination potential, relative bud length, relative root length, relative germination rate and drought resistance index of 10 spring wheat varieties were analyzed. The subordinate function analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of the wheat varieties. The results indicated that compared with those of the control, the germination rate, germination potential, relative bud length, relative root length and relative germination rate were inhibited under 20% PEG stress, and the range of reduction in different varieties was different. The comprehensive evaluation value (D value) of 10 spring wheat varieties was from 0.01 to 0.82.‘C (Grade 1);‘Xinchun No.3’,‘Xinchun No.6’and‘Xinhan No.688’were the medium resistant varieties (Grade 2);‘Xinchun No.2’‘, Xinchun No.26’were the weak resistant varieties (Grade 3);‘Xinchun No.7’,‘Xinchun No.17’,‘Xinchun No.20’and‘Xinchun No.21’were incapable of drought resistance (Grade 4). At last, we selected‘Chinese Spring’,‘Xinhan No.688’,‘Xinchun No.3’and‘Xinchun No.6’, which were more suitable for drought stress environment, to be germplasm resource of drought resistant wheat breeding in Xinjiang.

  Irrigation Methods of Belt Tillage with Furrow Planting of Corn: Effect on Water Use Efficiency and Yield Components 卫晓东,刘青云,, and 2018, 34 (22):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040055 Abstract + ( 846 )   To study the effects of irrigation method of belt tillage with furrow planting (BTFP) on water use efficiency and yield components of corn, furrow irrigation at narrow rows (T2), wide rows (T3) and co-irrigation at narrow and wide rows in BTFP (T4), and flooded irrigation (T1) were set up. The results showed that the three irrigation methods in BTFP increased effective corn ears, grains and 100- grain weight, the yield increased by 6.23%, 7.08% and 8.62% compared with that of T1, respectively. Water use efficiency of T2, T3 and T4 increased by 133.22%, 78.67% and 23.08%. Irrigation water use efficiency of T2, T3 and T4 increased by 112.69% , 42.35% and 11.81% ; irrigation time of T2, T3 and T4 decreased by 62.55% , 53.69% and 27.15%. Therefore, furrow irrigation at narrow rows in BTFP (T2) is a high-efficient irrigation method for water-saving.

  Multiple Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters and Yield of Maize Hybrid Combinations 2018, 34 (22):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030129 Abstract + ( 625 )   The aims are to study the effect of agronomic characters on yield of maize, screen the excellent comprehensive performance maize varieties, and provide a basis for high-yield breeding. In this study, 14 maize hybrid combinations bred by our team were used as the materials, 9 agronomic characters, such as ear length, ear diameter and axial thickness, were detected. The comparison and evaluation was conducted with variability analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the variation coefficients of 9 agronomic characters were 2.19%-58.72%. The correlation analysis showed that the grain number per row had significantly positive correlation with the yield (r=0.450), and the bare tip length had significantly negative correlation with the yield (r=-0.336). The path analysis showed that the direct effect of ear diameter, the grain number per row and seed rate on yield was positive, and the direct effect of ear length, axial thickness, and bare tip length, the number of ear row and 1000- grain weight on yield was negative. The principal component analysis showed that the factors’contribution to yield followed the sequence as: bare tip length factor> grain number per row factor> ear row number factor > ear diameter factor. Therefore, more grain number per row, bigger ear diameter and smaller bare tip should be highlighted in breeding material screening. 1000-grains weight and characters coordination should also be focused in order to fully dig the potential germplasm resources and breed excellent maize varieties.

  Establishment of Tomato Critical Nitrogen Concentration Model and Diagnosis of Nitrogen Nutrition 2018, 34 (22):  37-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030120 Abstract + ( 511 )   [Objective][Method]To investigate the dynamic changes between aboveground biomass and nitrogen concentration and establish the fresh tomato critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model, fresh tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumSMill.) cultivar Sufen 14 was treated by five nitrogen application rates in 2016 and 2017. Based on the established critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model, the nitrogen absorption model and nitrogen nutrition index model were constructed. Also, the appropriate nitrogen application scope was calculated based on tomato nitrogen nutrition diagnosis. [Result]Results showed that the aboveground biomass of fresh tomato increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the nitrogen content declined with the growth and development time. The relationship between the critical nitrogen concentration of fresh tomato and the aboveground biomass was in accordance with the power equation, Nc=3.7574DW-0.155, the correlation coefficient R2=0.8505. [Conclusion]Nitrogen absorption model and nitrogen nutrition index model could diagnose the suitable nitrogen application rate and nitrogen abundance condition of fresh tomato. The suitable nitrogen application scope of tomato under this test condition was 270.92 kg/hm2-281.79 kg/ hm2.

  Influence of Different Planting Densities on Growth and Fruit of‘Fuji’Grafted on ‘Y-1’Dwarfing Interstock 2018, 34 (22):  45-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060104 Abstract + ( 540 )   To provide the best planting density system of Fuji grafted on Y-1 dwarfing interstock, in this study, 4-year-old Fuji apple trees as materials, three planting density system were 0.8×4m, 1×4m, 1.2×4m to analyze their effect on nutritional growth and fruit quality. The results showed, there were significant difference on tree height, trunk diameter between 0.8×4m and 1.2×4m(P＜0.05), but were not significant difference on tree crown, shoot growth and branch composition among three planting density system. The average daily photosynthetic rate of 1×4m was significant with the other two treatments (P<0.05), was higher than that of the other two planting density. The direct and indirect photosynthesis radiation increased with the decrease of planting density, but the leaf area index decreased, there was highest value on photosynthesis radiation of 1.2×4m, but lowest value on leaf area index. The single fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, soluble total sugar content, hardness and sugar - acid ratio of 1×4m were significantly higher than those of the other two planting density, and the fruit quality was the best. Considering the growth potential of trees, light energy utilization, fruit quality and so on, it was the optimal system when the planting density was 1 × 4m for Fuji grafted on Y-1 dwarfing interstock.

  Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Ethylene Absorbent on Physiology and Fruit Quality of Kiwifruit After Harvest 2018, 34 (22):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060014 Abstract + ( 536 )   The paper aims to study the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene absorbent to kiwifruit preservation. The authors took‘Xuxiang’kiwifruit as the experimental material, to explore the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene and ethylene absorbent on ripening and fruit quality during storage and shelf life. The results showed that 1- MCP and ethylene absorbent significantly inhibited kiwifruit’s ethylene evolution, the respiration rate and the lox activity, evidently slowed down the decrease of fruit firmness and the depleting of nutrient substances, and extended the storage time and shelf life. 1- MCP inhibited the synthetizing of esters during the storage and shelf life, accumulated aldehydes and alcohols in the shelf life, which were unfavorable to the aroma quality of the fruit. The aroma quality of fruit was improved by the ethylene absorbent, which promoted the rising of the lactones content during the shelf life. By overall consideration, ethylene absorbent could significantly maintain the storage quality of kiwifruit.

  Effects of Soil pH Value on Photosynthetic Characteristic and Chlorophyll Content of Lemon Saplings 2018, 34 (22):  59-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060072 Abstract + ( 581 )   The paper aims to study the effect of pH stress on photosynthetic physiology of lemon saplings, and determine the optimal soil acidity and alkalinity for expanding lemon growth in Yunnan Province. A pot experiment was conducted and 1 year old lemon grafted saplings were grown in soil with different acidities (adjusted the soil pH value with HCl and CaO) to test the photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll content of lemon leaves. The results showed that soil pH value had ignificant influence on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll a (Ca), chlorophyll b (Cb), carotenoid and chlorophyll a + b (C T) (P <0.05), with the highest intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) obtained under soil pH 7-8. Meanwhile, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b were also the highest under soil pH 7-8. Therefore, the suitable range of soil pH value was 7 to 8 for‘Yunning 1’cultivation, while overly basic or acidic soil inhibited photosynthesis and growth.

  Quality of Lycium barbarum in East Hexi Corridor Region: Comprehensive Assessing Index Construction 郭小芹 2018, 34 (22):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090023 Abstract + ( 531 )   The quality evaluation of Lycium barbarum in the east of Hexi corridor can provide theoretical support for the development of regional industry, selection of varieties and brand marketing. Based on the test data of 2016, the growth index and physicochemical indexes as the evaluation basis, using entropy method and principal component analysis method, analysis of evaluation index weight, and the dynamic assignment conducted a comprehensive assignment to the above two kinds of weights, established the evaluation model and to evaluate the regional quality of Lycium barbarum. The results showed that the best quality of Fengle, the evaluation result was consistented with the actual sample. This study provides a basic method for the quality evaluation of Lycium barbarum in the east of Hexi corridor.

  Establishment of Callus Culture System of Sinopodophyllum emodi and Determination of Podophyllotoxin 2018, 34 (22):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050079 Abstract + ( 500 )   The effects of different explants type, different hormone levels and different sucrose concentration on the growth of callus were studied by tissue culture.so as to establish the callus growth system. Meanwhile,the contents of podophyllotoxin in callus of Sinopodophyllum emodi by HPLC.The results showed that the petiole was optimum explants of callus induction, the best midum Ms+ NAA0.5 mg/L+TDZ 0.1mg/L + 6-BA 1.0mg/L with the sucrose of 40.0 g/L was suitable for callus proliferation. The granular and loose eugenic callus was obtained. The active components podophyllotoxin in callus is up to 1.56%,which is the 68.4% of the components of wild Sinopodophyllum emodi.So, podophyllotoxin can be obtained by culturing the callus of Sinopodophyllum emodi.

  Evaluation Index System of Leisure Agricultural Landscape Based on AHP 2018, 34 (22):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050060 Abstract + ( 568 )   To establish an evaluation system of leisure agricultural landscape and understand the role of various indicators in the construction of agricultural landscape, we built the evaluation index system of agricultural landscape based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The judgment matrix was constructed by the expert consultation method and 1-9 scale method, and the weight value of each index was calculated. The results showed that the weight value of the item was natural landscape> production landscape> humanistic landscape. The heavy weight value factors were the overall senses of the farmland, the regional culture and the organic eco- environmental protection. Among the indicator, promoting tourism income generation had the maximum weight value, road accessibility, natural ecological experience, agricultural operation participation, sustainability and ecosystem diversity also occupied a certain position. The results will provide references for further improvement of agricultural landscape evaluation system.

  Energy and Ecological Efficiency Evaluation in Shaanxi Based on SBM-TOBIT Model 刘引鸽,王少雄,靳美娟 and 许丁月 2018, 34 (22):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010077 Abstract + ( 698 )   Under the idea of green development, to improve the coordination between economic benefits and environmental pollution arising from the energy utilization is the key to realize the regional sustainable development. The panel data in Shaanxi from 2006 to 2015 was used, the temporal changes and spatial differences of energy eco-efficiency in cities were studied by the SBM-TOBIT model, after this, the factors affecting the energy eco-efficiency were discussed. The results showed that: Shaanxi energy eco-efficiency presented a“U”evolution trend, it had a downward trend from 2006 to 2009, and increased after 2010, and the difference in efficiency between cities decreased. Energy eco-efficiency of Xi’an, Yan’an and Hanzhong reached above 1.0, and the resource utilization was relatively high and effective, which reached the green state of development; while that of Ankang, Weinan and Shangluo was relatively low, less than 0.6, there was an over-investment in all factors and a low utilization rate of esources. The TOBIT model analysis of energy ecoefficiency in Shaanxi demonstrates that the degree of opening to the outside world and the improvement of economic development could promote the energy eco-efficiency, and the correlation is positive; the increase of energy consumption and government intervention could cause the decline of energy eco-efficiency in different degrees, and the correlation is negative. Key words: SBM model; energy eco

  Nutrients Assessment of Pear Orchard Soil on the Loess-gully Region of Shanxi: A Case of Xi County 2018, 34 (22):  89-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070093 Abstract + ( 438 )   To provide a scientific basis for pear orchard soil nutrients assessment in the loess-gully region of Shanxi for rational soil fertilization, 48 soil samples were selected in Xi County, distribution characteristics of nutrients were analyzed by principal component analysis and variance analysis. The results showed that: (1) at 0- 20 cm soil layer, the contents of macro nutrients were virtually moderate, at 20- 60 cm soil layer, the contents of total P and available K were virtually moderate, the contents of other macro nutrients were relatively low; (2) the content of available Cu was virtually moderate, available B was significantly absent, and the contents of other trace elements were relatively scarce; (3) a comprehensive evaluation on soil nutrition showed that the NImac (macro nutrient index) and NImic(micro nutrient index) were basically at lower (IV) level, and the percentage of NImac and NImic which were at low (V) level in 1-5 years old pear orchard were significantly higher than that of 10-20 years old pear orchard. With the increase of soil depth, the percentage of NImac and NImic at low (V) level in 1-5 years old pear orchard tended to decline, but the distribution of NImac was consistent in 10- 20 years old pear orchard at 0-60 cm soil layer. Contents of organic matter, available N, Zn and B should be improved in this region, and soil nutrients of 1-5 years old pear orchard should be enhanced.

  Planting Age Affects Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Kiwifruit Orchards 朱海云,,, and 2018, 34 (22):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010078 Abstract + ( 475 )   To provide a basis for the management of kiwifruit orchards, we collected soil samples from the 0-40 cm soil layer, and detected soil nutrients and enzyme activities. The results showed that: (1) the contents of organic matter and available nitrogen were at a low level, while the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were at a high level; the activities of soil urease, invertase and cellulase increased first and then decreased at 0-10 cm soil layer as the planting age increased, while the activities of these enzymes at 10- 40 cm soil layer had a negative correlation with planting age; the activities of acid phosphorus and catalase decreased with the increase of planting age of kiwifruit orchards; (2) the activities of soil urease, invertase, cellulose, and acid phosphatase decreased with the increase of soil depth, while the activity of soil catalase increased with the increase of soil depth. The results suggest that the soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities are affected by planting age, thus, more organic and nitrogenous fertilizer and less phosphate and potassium fertilizer are needed with the increase of planting age of kiwifruit orchards.

  Three Kinds of Plants: Remediation on Soil Contaminated by Cadmium 2018, 34 (22):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030128 Abstract + ( 594 )   To explore the application characteristics and effects of phytoremediation technology on the soil contaminated by cadmium (Cd) in Jiyuan, a pot experiment using actual soil contaminated by Cd was conducted to compare the Cd tolerance, enrichment, translocation and remediation efficiency of three plants, namely Bidens pilosa, Multi florum and Indian mustard. The results showed that: the biomass of three plants was not significantly reduced when they were grown on soil polluted by Cd, and all of them had strong tolerance for Cd; in addition, the three plants had different enrichment features for Cd, specifically, Cd content in the aboveground part followed the order: Bidens pilosa>Indian mustard>Multi florum; inversely, Cd in the underground part of Multi florum was higher than that of the other two, and the Cd content in the mild and heavy polluted soil reached 11.95 mg/L and 28.56 mg/L, respectively; furthermore, Bidens pilosa had higher capacity to transfer Cd, and the translocation coefficient in the mild polluted soil was highest, reaching 2.23; moreover, Bidens pilosa had better capacity to remediate soil contaminated by Cd, and the Cd remediation efficiency was 2.04% and 1.59% in mild and heavyy polluted soil. In summary, the biomass, enrichment factor and translocation factor of Bidens pilosa were higher than that of Multi florum and Indian mustard. In conclusion, Bidens pilosa could be used as one of effective plants for restoring soil contaminated by Cd in Jiyuan, which could provide theoretical guidance and technical base for local soil Cd pollution treatment.

  The Impact of Meteorological Conditions on Rape Production——Taking Xuancheng as an Example 2018, 34 (22):  109-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080130 Abstract + ( 492 )   The paper aims to study the impact of meteorological conditions on rape production, and provide references for agricultural meteorological services special on rape production. Based on rape production and meteorological factors such as temperature, precipitation, sunshine and daily range from 2001 to 2015 in Xuancheng, the authors analyzed the relationships between the meteorological factors and meteorological production of rape by Excel and SPSS software. The results showed that: the inter- annual meteorological production of rape fluctuated greatly; there was a significantly negative correlation between the meteorological production of rape and the precipitation at the flowering stage and the maturity stage; the meteorological production of rape was positively correlated with the average temperature during the growth period, especially with the average temperature at the budding stage through the test of 0.05, there was also a significantly positive correlation between the meteorological production of rape and the sunshine hours at vegetative growth stage and daily range of temperature at the maturity stage. During the whole growth period, the meteorological production of rape was positively correlated with the temperature, sunshine and daily range, and was negatively correlated with precipitation; the correlation coefficient with temperature was the most significant through the test by 0.05, followed by sunshine and precipitation.

  Climate Suitability of Crabapple‘Huaien’Cultivated in Zaozhuang 2018, 34 (22):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050154 Abstract + ( 591 )   To make rational use of climatic resources, and improve the cultivation quality and the popularization of crabapple‘Huaien’, eight climatic factors, such as annual average temperature, annual precipitation and annual sunshine hours, were used to evaluate the climate suitability of crabapple‘Huaien’ cultivated in Zaozhuang by analytic hierarchy process and membership function method. The results showed that the climatic suitability index of crabapple‘Huaien’was 0.851-0.894, and the average value was 0.871. Zaozhuang City is the suitable cultivation area for crabapple‘Huaien’

  Evaluation of Tourism Climate Comfort in Xining of Qinghai Province During 1961-2015 2018, 34 (22):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040112 Abstract + ( 540 )   The paper aims at tourism resource evaluation and tourism comfort index forecast in Xining. With ground weather observations from 1961 to 2015, the monthly and annual sequence data of vacation, human body comfort level, and temperature and humidity indexes of key tourist cities were calculated. The characteristics and changes were evaluated with the climate diagnosis method. The results showed that the comfort days in the summer of Xining had a significant upward trend, with an increase rate of 1.1 d/10 a, and an average days of comfort of 89. In Xining, summer’s cold, temperature and humidity, vacation, and body comfort indexes were in the appropriate-comfortable level and very appropriate-the most comfortable level. The climate condition for tourism or residence in Xining was comparable to that of Kunming, Guiyang, Lanzhou and Yinchuan. The climate related indexes suitable for tourism and leisure were good compared with those of other major tourist cities, and this advantage became more apparent in recent 10 years. The evaluation results provide a basis for the forecast of tourism comfort index and the comprehensive development of tourism climate resources of Xining.

  Lightning Disaster Evaluation and Vulnerability Zoning in Yunnan Province Based on AHP Model 杨宗凯 2018, 34 (22):  125-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040016 Abstract + ( 593 )   Based on the lightning monitoring and positioning data and the statistical data of lightning disaster of Yunnan Province in 2008—2017, the temporal and spatial distribution of lightning activity was analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation index system of lightning vulnerability was established, which included lightning risk, regional risk and risk of disaster bearing body. The index weight judgment matrix was constructed by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Comprehensive evaluation index R conversion equation was obtained to determine the vulnerability degree of lightning disaster in each prefecture, and form lightning risk vulnerability zoning in Yunnan Province. The results show that Kunming and Yuxi are the high vulnerability areas of lightning disaster, where population density and economic development are high, the comprehensive evaluation index of the lightning damage vulnerability is high and lightning affects a wide range of areas and industry; the second high vulnerability areas are Pu’er, Qujing, Lijiang, Chuxiong, Honghe and Xishuangbanna, and the areas of this grade are most widely distributed; the medium vulnerability areas are Baoshan, Zhaotong, Lincang, Wenshan and Dali. Diqing, Nujiang and Dehong are low vulnerable areas of lightning disaster. Strengthening the construction of lightning protection facilities, expanding the early warning coverage and enhancing the popularization of lightning protection can improve the resilience to disaster

  Toxicity Test on Pathogen of Corn Northern Leaf Blight with Seven Fungicides 2018, 34 (22):  132-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060119 Abstract + ( 730 )   The aim of this experiment was to identify the pathogen of Corn Northern Leaf Blight and screen out the best bactericide for controlling Corn Northern Leaf Blight,the method of tissue separation was used to isolate and identify the pathogen, and the culture medium growth rate Method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of seven kinds of fungicides on pathogens of Corn Northern Leaf Blight. the pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissl, toxicity test results show that: after 48 h, the EC50 of Iprodione was 0.27 mg/L;the virulence index was the highest, and the inhibitory effect was very significant; the EC50 of Propiconazole and Difenoconazole were 0.51 and 0.53 mg/L, and their inhibitory effect were significant; the EC50 of Flusilazole and Pyrimethanil were 1.66 and 1.91 mg / L, and the effects were good; the EC50 of Mancozeb and Kresoxim-methyl were 25.82 and 929.78mg / L, their virulence index were low and inhibitory effects were poor;the inhibitory effect was similar between 72h and 48h;therefore,the inhibition effect of Iprodione on Alternaria was the best among the seven fungicides, When the experiment concentration was 50 mg/L, the inhibition rate was 95%.

  Myzus persicae: Occurrences Regularity in Field in Tobacco Planting Areas of Hanzhong, Shaanxi 2018, 34 (22):  140-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060004 Abstract + ( 511 )   The paper aims to make a set of suitable technical regulations for controlling Myzus persicae in tobacco planting areas in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, we carried out the study on the migration dynamics of alate aphids by yellow pan trap method and the population dynamics of Myzus persicae by systematic investigation mehod during 2015 to 2016. The results showed that: (1) Myzus persicae usually went through winter on peach trees and winter vegetables; eggs of Myzus persicae hatched into fundatrixes between the end of February and early march, then reproducted 3 generations on peach trees, alate aphids occurred in late March to early April; (2) alate aphids began to transfer in early April, and transferred to tobacco fields between first and middle of May and bred with virginogenia; the number of aphids had a peak in first and middle of July, and declined after August, then moved back to peach and cruciferous vegetables in September; (3) the natural enemies of Myzus persicae mainly included Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead, Aeva pyrastri and Coccinellidae. Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead was the domaint population, which accounted for 88% of the total numbers and gained 29.03% natural parasitic rate.

  Insecticides Against Resistance Population of Plutella xylostella: Toxicity Analysis and Field Control Efficacy 高德良 2018, 34 (22):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070123 Abstract + ( 561 )   The paper aims to determine the toxicity and field efficacy of several common insecticides against Plutella xylostella resistance populations, and then clear the correlation between the resistance level and the control efficacy of insecticides. The toxicity of 7 insecticides against the field resistance population of Plutella xylostella were determined, and the field efficacy test of 7 insecticides were conducted at the registered dosage. The results showed that: the LC50 value of spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, diafenthiuron, beta-cypermethrin against P. xylostella was 1.14, 1.81, 2.27, 4.22, 4.59, 45.80, 156.96 mg/L, respectively; the resistance index of the P. xylostella against diafenthiuron, indoxacarb, spinosad was 2.14, 8.83, 9.50, respectively, and belonged to low resistance level; the resistance index against chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole, beta-cypermethrin was 10.55, 30.17, 44.21, respectively, and the resistance level was medium level; the resistance index to abamectin was 113.50, belonged to high resistance level. In the field, spinosad, indoxacarb, chlorantraniliprole, diafenthiuron had better control efficacy against P. xylostella, after spraying for 7 days, the efficacy was 89.38%, 90.67%, 84.10%, 86.18%, respectively. The population of P. xylostella has different resistances to 7 insecticides, and there is a significant negative correlation between the field control efficacy and the resistance level of P. xylostella under the registration dosage.

  Microflora Change Affecting Biochemical Index and Sensory Quality of Steamed Bun of Green Wheat Berry in Dough Fermentation Process 2018, 34 (22):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070012 Abstract + ( 709 )   To improve the sensory quality of the steamed buns with green wheat berry, the dough was researched as the object to investigate the correlation of microflora with biochemical index(moisture、TTA、pH) and sensory quality of the steamed buns. The result displayed that with the time delayed, the number of acetic acid bacteria and total acid slowly rised, pH showed a downward trend; The amount of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and then decreased, reached the maximum value in proofing 40min, at the highest water content. Correlation analysis shows that, the microflora and biochemical index and sensory quality were correlated. The total number of bacteria was highly significantly associated with pH (p<0.01), which was significantly associated with water content, total acid and sensory quality(p<0.05); yeast was highly significantly associated with pH, water content and sensory quality. The lactobacillus was highly significantly related to the quality of the senses; The acetic bacteria was significantly associated with pH and total acid. When the dough was fermented at 40min, the steamed buns with green wheat berry had the highest sensory score of 82.75; the most influential factors in the sensory quality of the steamed buns with green wheat berry were the yeast and lactobacillus.

  Instant Brown Rice Porridge: The Extrusion Preparation Optimized by Response Surface Methodology 2018, 34 (22):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010005 Abstract + ( 521 )   The paper aims to broaden the development and utilization of brown rice. Brown rice flour was chosen as the raw material to prepare instant brown rice porridge by extrusion. Based on the single factor experiments, the quadratic polynomial regression model of response surface was established to study the effect of extrusion treatment on rehydration rate, gelatinization degree and sensory quality of brown rice flour. The results showed that the best parameters of instant brown rice porridge prepared by extrusion were machine barrel temperature 110℃; moisture content, 21.60%; brown rice starch pH value 7.11. Under this experiment condition, the average gelatinization degree of instant porridge was 87.93%. After extrusion treatment, the fat content of brown rice flour decreased by 28.8% compared with that of raw brown rice flour, and the dietary fiber content increased by 9.3%. The rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) analysis indicated that the peak viscosity, value viscosity, attenuation value, final viscosity and return value of brown rice flour decreased after extrusion treatment. The study offers certain references for deep processing of brown rice.