Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.23 Published:17 August 2018

  Diversity Analysis of Rice Functional Leaves Under Different Nitrogen Treatments 肖瑶,,彭友林,张杰,,, and 2018, 34 (23):  1-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090161 Abstract + ( 978 )   This study aims to explore the diversity of different functional leaves of rice under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments, and provide a theoretical basis for selecting breeding materials with large genetic variation and large differences of agronomic traits. In this experiment, 52 rice varieties from rice germplasm resources were used as materials, and normal nitrogen and non-nitrogen treatments were set up to analyze the characters of functional leaves. The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity of morphological characteristics of functional leaves under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Under different treatments, the length of the 1st functional leaf had significantly or extremely significant-positive correlation with the 2nd functional leaf and the 3rd functional leaf. The width of the 1st functional leaf had extremely significantpositive correlation with the 2nd functional leaf and the 3rd functional leaf. After principal component analysis, three principal components were obtained under normal nitrogen condition and non-nitrogen condition, the cumulative contribution rate was 94.5% and 90.6%, respectively. Through the comprehensive evaluation of every materials, the top five rice materials were‘Diantun 502’,‘Yumidao’,‘Yahui 2115’,‘Gumei 3’and This study aims to explore the diversity of different functional leaves of rice under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments, and provide a theoretical basis for selecting breeding materials with large genetic variation and large differences of agronomic traits. In this experiment, 52 rice varieties from rice germplasm resources were used as materials, and normal nitrogen and non-nitrogen treatments were set up to analyze the characters of functional leaves. The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity of morphological characteristics of functional leaves under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Under different treatments, the length of the 1st functional leaf had significantly or extremely significant-positive correlation with the 2nd functional leaf and the 3rd functional leaf. The width of the 1st functional leaf had extremely significantpositive correlation with the 2nd functional leaf and the 3rd functional leaf. After principal component analysis, three principal components were obtained under normal nitrogen condition and non-nitrogen condition, the cumulative contribution rate was 94.5% and 90.6%, respectively. Through the comprehensive evaluation of every materials, the top five rice materials were‘Diantun 502’,‘Yumidao’,‘Yahui 2115’,‘Gumei 3’and ‘Shuiyuan 258’under the normal nitrogen condition, and the top five rice materials were‘Yumidao’, ‘Diantun 502’,‘Baxidao’,‘CDR22’and‘Gumei 3’under the non-nitrogen condition. In rice plant type breeding, we should use germplasm resources with abundant genetic diversity and select germplasm materials with larger genetic distance and lager variation of comprehensive traits.

  The Meaning and Approach of“Double Reduction”of Rice Production in China 2018, 34 (23):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080105 Abstract + ( 1783 )   Achieving the“double reduction”of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is an urgent demand for current rice production in China. In order to provide theoretical references for the“double reduction”of rice production, this study summarized current situation of the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the world and China, concluded the technical measures and the implementation ways of the “double reduction”, introduced the policy measures of the“double reduction”of rice production, discussed the effect of the“double reduction”on food safety and ecological security, and forecasted the development trend and direction of the“double reduction”of rice production.

  Effects of Nitrogen Amount on Spring Wheat Quality in Black Soil 2018, 34 (23):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080131 Abstract + ( 991 )   To clarify the nitrogen amount for achieving high quality and high efficiency of different genotypes of spring wheat varieties in black soil, [Method] 2 middle gluten spring wheat varieties‘Nongmai No. 4’‘( NM4’),‘Nongmai No. 5’‘( NM5’), and 2 strong gluten varieties‘Jinqiang No. 7’‘( JQ7’) and‘Jinqiang No. 8’‘( JQ8’) were used as materials in 2016-2017 in the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Pot experiments in greenhouse were carried out. The effects of interactions between nitrogen amounts [0 kg/hm2 (N0), 120 kg/hm2 (N120) and 240 kg/hm2 (N240)] and varieties on grain protein and amino acid yield in black soil were studied. [Result] The results showed that there were significant (P <0.05) or very significant (P <0.01) effects of nitrogen amount and variety on grain protein and amino acid yield of spring wheat, and the interaction effect of nitrogen amount×variety was obvious (P <0.05). In terms of nitrogen amount in black soil, N 120 kg/hm2 should be used to obtain the high quality and high efficiency of spring wheat. In terms of variety, we should select strong gluten spring wheat variety‘JQ8’ to obtain more protein and amino acid yield rather than other varieties. In terms of interaction effects of nitrogen amount×variety, the strong gluten spring wheat variety‘JQ7’× nitrogen amount N 240 kg/hm2 and the middle gluten spring wheat variety‘NM5’× nitrogen amount N 240 kg/hm2 could achieve the high quality and high efficiency of wheat in black soil. [Conclusion]The study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of industry development in spring wheat quality under black soil.

  Effects of Cadmium Stress on the Growth and Development of Wheat 2018, 34 (23):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040027 Abstract + ( 1072 )   To explore the wheat tolerance to cadmium toxicity and mechanism of cadmium stress during wheat seed germination and seedling growth period, Shangmai 156 was used to evaluate the effects of cadmium stesss on seed germination, seedling growth, osmotic adjusting materials and protective enzyme system of wheat, using soilless cultivation tests of different concentrations of cadmium stress (0, 0.04, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 mmol?L-1).The results showed that the low concentration of cadmium (less than 0.04 mmol?L-1) was no obvious inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat, while high concentrations of cadmium (0.4 mmol?L-1) had significant inhibitory effects on above indicators, and within the scope of the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, plant height, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight and root fresh and dry weight decreased with the increase of cadmium concentration. The content of soluble sugar in leaves decreased at a slightly higher level, and was the largest at 0.04 mmol?L-1, and increased by 6.99% compared with the control. The change rule of free amino acids, protein and MDA content was similar. All of them increased with the increase of cadmium stress, and the maximum was 0.4 mmol?L-1 of cadmium, which was 2.61, 5.20 and 7.99 times of thecontrol, respectively. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT in wheat leaves was the highest when the concentration of cadmium was 0.4 mmol?L-1, which was increased by 49.32%, 85.34% and 40.59% compared with the control,and the difference was very significant (p<0.01) with the control (p<0.01); The activity of Cd decreased, while the concentration of Cd continues to increase. With concentration of Cd2+ 0.04 mmol.L-1, the APX acativity were heighest, and then decreased with increasing concentration of Cd2+.

  Multiple Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Yield of Pea M2 Induced by 60Coγ 2018, 34 (23):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070026 Abstract + ( 745 )   To better utilize the radiation induced mutation pea offspring, three different types of compound peas were used as material in this study, we purpose to find the determination factors of the yield , multivariate analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis were used in this study. [Result] The results showed that the variation coefficient of agronomic traits of pea M2 by 60Coγ reached 0.171-0.8539, and the yield had a extremely significant correlation with grain number per plant, Pods per plant, podding number, Path analysis shows that the Pods per plant and grain number per plant had a great influence on yield. grain number per plant,Pods per plant, podding number as determinative morphological factors of high-yielding varieties .[Conclusion] The major determining factors of pea yield were grain number per plant, Pods per plant, pod number, and the hundred grain weight should be also given attention as well.

  Gossypium hirsutum L. in Xinjiang: The Relationship Between Cotton Boll Stalk Length and Yield and Fiber Quality 2018, 34 (23):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090082 Abstract + ( 617 )   To understand the relationship between cotton boll stalk length and the main agronomic traits, yield traits and fiber quality in Xinjiang, we conducted a comparative experiment for two years, investigated the main agronomic traits, yield traits and fiber quality of cotton varieties (lines), summarized the climatic data of the two years, and compared these with boll stalk length. The results showed that the cotton stalk length of different varieties had a negative correlation between the average maximum temperature in the main growth period of June-August, and a positive correlation with the average minimum temperature and average sunshine time. The boll stalk length had a positive correlation with the number of effective branches, the number of boll per plant, the first node and the height of the first node, but it had a negative correlation with plant height and invalid branch. The boll stalk length had a positive correlation with lint percentage, branch number and equivalent yield, but it had a negative correlation with single boll weight. The boll stalk length had a positive correlation with the average length of the top half fiber and micronaire, it also had a roughly positive correlation with the evenness index. The boll stalk length of 50% test materials had a positive correlation with the fiber breaking strength, and the other half showed negative correlation.

  Secreted Protein and Peptaibols Synthetase of Trichoerma harzianum Tr1: Bioinformatics Analysis 戴陈伟,李 静,蔡标,张爽,童琳 and 叶红 2018, 34 (23):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040012 Abstract + ( 631 )   The paper aims to analyze the secreted proteins and Peptaibols synthetase of Trichoerma harzianum by bioinformatics methods. Using the 11264 hypothetical proteins of Trichoerma harzianum Tr1 as the objects of this study, we applied the bioinformatics methods such as SignalP, Protparam and Swissmodel to predict the secreted proteins, and analyzed their signal peptides, in order to select the secreted proteins and Peptaibols synthetase associating with the biocontrol mechanism, and analyzed the properties, structures and functions of these proteins. The results showed that: a total of 403 secreted proteins were found in Trichoerma harzianumTr1, thereinto PNP53160 and PNP56908 might act as cellulase and chitinase respectively; the intermediate region of signal peptide was rich in leucine and alanine, while the C terminals of signal peptides belonged to A-X-A type; the 16862-20750 aa of PNP58822 which contained 5 kinds of functional regions including acetyl coenzyme A synthetase Ⅰ, CT domain of TaqA, and surfactin synthetase subunit Ⅲ and so on, probably acted as Peptaibols synthetase. In this study, 403 secreted proteins and their signal peptides are analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the characteristics, structures and functions of the proteins which are probably associated with the biocontrol mechanism of Trichoerma harzianum are predicted, so as to provide a fundamental basis for further study on its biocontrol mechanism.

  Effects of Symbiotic Fungi on the Absorption of Trace Elements in Legumes and Related Mechanism 2018, 34 (23):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060080 Abstract + ( 548 )   To better understand the problems of available trace elements deficiency or their ratio imbalance in the soil, this review introduced plant-beneficial fungi interactions, especially the associations between legume with endophytes and mycorrhizal fungi. Plant-beneficial fungal symbiosis could enhance water and mineral nutrient uptake to some extent, leading to a promotion in plant growth and crop yield. This review summarized the mechanism behind symbiotic fungi-mediated promotion of plant trace element uptake from soil environment. The mechanism could be concluded to three aspects: (1) acid chemicals released by symbiotic system dissolved rhizospheric minerals, leading to an increased availability of soil trace elements; (2) secondary metabolites produced by symbiotic fungi increased efficiency of root trace element uptake and transport; (3) symbiotic fungi colonization induced expression of genes that related to trace element absorption and transport. At the end of this paper, we also discussed the existing problems in this field and prospected the potential application of symbiotic fungi in agriculture.

  Genetic Variation and Selection for Provenances and Families of Eucalyptus grandis Among Ages 2018, 34 (23):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080094 Abstract + ( 495 )   The paper aims to introduce more germplasm of Eucalyptus grandis and improve its genetic diversity. The growth traits of 173 families from 11 provenances in central south Yunnan were analyzed. The variance analysis results showed that there were significant differences of the studied traits among provenances and families at four ages. TheF value among blocks decreased with age. There were significant differences of the studied traits among blocks at 16, 28 and 41 months while no difference was found at 53 months. The phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients of diameter at breast height, height and volume were 23%-46%, 19%-30% and 60%-75%. The genetic variation coefficients were lower than phenotypic variation coefficients of the studied traits. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations etween the studied traits and ages. The correlations of the traits of the same age were ranged from 0.84 to 0.94. The correlations of the traits of different ages decreased with time span. Comprehensive selection results showed that provenances from QLD Copperlode, QLD Bambaroo and Leshan Sichuan Province had best growth while provenances from QLD Ravenshoe, QLD Tinaroo and QLD Tully Gorge National Park had slow growth.

  Fruits of Apricot Cultivars: Nutritional Components Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation 2018, 34 (23):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110120 Abstract + ( 637 )   To comprehensively evaluate the nutritional quality of different apricot cultivars, and select those with good development and utilization potentials, we measured three appearance qualities (fruit shape index, fruit weight, edible rate) and eight nutrient indexes (soluble solid, soluble sugar, soluble protein, titratable acid, carotenoid, vitamin C, solid to acid ratio, sugar to acid ratio). The comprehensive quality evaluation of apricot cultivars was carried out by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results displayed that there were differences in the nutritional components of the 11 apricot cultivars, but the variation was not significant. Correlation analysis showed that there were highly and significantly positive correlations between fruit weight and edible rate, soluble solid and vitamin C, soluble sugar and sugar to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio and sugar to acid ratio. There were extremely and significantly negative correlations between titratable acid and solid to acid ratio, sugar to acid ratio. There were significantly positive correlations between titratable acid and solid to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio and sugar to acid ratio. Principal component analysis extracted four principal components, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 91.002%, indicating that the main indexes affecting the quality of apricot fruit were: sugar to acid ratio, solid to acid ratio, edible rate, fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solid. This study can provide references for the selection and utilization of new apricot cultivars, and the quality of ‘Jinhebao’,‘Kaite’,‘Lanzhoudajiexing’,‘Wanhongxing’, ‘Youxiwanshu’are better.

  Spatial Distribution of Soil Nutrients Based on GIS and Geostatistics 2018, 34 (23):  72-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070049 Abstract + ( 577 )   To analyze the spatial variability of soil nutrients in Huaxian, based on GIS and geostatistics, descriptive statistics analysis, semivariogram analysis and Kriging analysis were carried out on 924 soil samples in 2012. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Huaxian were 14.81 g/kg, 0.87 g/kg, 16.02 mg/kg and 96.72 mg/kg, respectively, and the coefficient of variation was between 21.8% and 57%, which belonged to intermediate variability. The nugget/sill ratios were 50%, 54.6%, 89.2% and 90.1%, respectively. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen had a moderate spatial correlation, and available phosphorus and available potassium had a weak spatial correlation. The optimal interpolation model of four soil nutrients was the exponential model. The optimal search directions of soil organic matter and available phosphorus were 8 sectors, and the total nitrogen and available potassium were 4 sectors. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen in Huaxian were below the moderate level, and the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were at a moderate level. All the soil nutrients had low content regions respectively. Reasonable regulation was required in soil management and fertilization.

  Combined Application of Humic Acid and Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects Soil Physical and Chemical Properties 2018, 34 (23):  80-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120069 Abstract + ( 578 )   To investigate the effects of combined application of humic acid and inorganic N fertilizer on physical and chemical properties of soil, a field location experiment was carried out in 2014 at Henan Province with 6 treatments: no N fertilizer (single PK fertilizer) (T1), conventional fertilization (T2), single humic acid 3000 kg/hm2 (T3), conventional fertilization + humic acid 3000 kg/hm2 (T4), conventional fertilization with nitrogen reduction 15% + humic acid 3000 kg/hm2 (T5), conventional fertilization with nitrogen reduction 30% + humic acid 3000 kg/hm2, and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that the combined application of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil effectively, and T5 had the best effect. The soil bulk density of T5 was the lowest, which was 3.67%- 8.88% (P< 0.05) lower than that of other treatments. T5 had the highest soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content, and increased soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium by 0.44%, 5.41% (P<0.05), 21.76% (P< 0.05), 4.66% and 1.65%, respectively, compared with conventional fertilization. The highest pH value was found in T1, while the lowest in T5, which was 8.98% lower than that of T1 (P <0.05).

  Response of Acid Sulfate Soil to Amelioration by Citrus Branch Biochar 2018, 34 (23):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080015 Abstract + ( 560 )   Acid sulfate soil (ASS) is the typical type of lowing-yielding fields in South China. It has a great signification to ameliorate and utilization reasonably. [Method]In this study, a pot experiment was used to evaluate biochar(produced by slow pyrolysis of citrus branch) Regulates acid sulfate soil with different application rates. The experiment consisted of five treatments with four replicates: NPK; NPK+0.5%BC(the rate of biochar and dry soil); NPK+1%BC; NPK+2%BC; NPK+4%BC. [Result] Results indicated that with the different application rates of biochar, The variation tendency of soil pH and OM showed consistently. The Total Nitrogen(TN) elevated gradually with the increasingly used of biochar. The maximum value was 15.1% with 4% BC treatment, but the average increasing rate became decrease. The ammonia nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen have the opposite trend. Which from 11.46 declined to 0.96 mg?kg-1 and from 8.37 declined to 5.14 mg?kg-1 respectively. Those were benefit to depollution from agriculture, but may cause innutrition of available nitrogen during peak-growth period. The yield of leaf mustard and some other indexes have the inflection point when the dosage increased to 4%. such as the quantity of soil microorganism. The soil amount of bacterial were improved, but both the quality of vegetable and the fungus in soil have no regularity with different application rates of biochar. [Conclusion] moderate amounts of citrus branches could get greater environmental and agriculture effect in ASS though this study. Key words: biochar; acid sulfate soil; soil regulate; non-point pollution

  Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Winter Sowing Flax in Southern Yunnan 2018, 34 (23):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110041 Abstract + ( 560 )   To explore the suitable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on winter sowing flax in southern Yunnan, a field experiment was carried out with“3414”test scheme in Menghai County, Yunnan Province to study the relations between the main economic characters, straw yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer rates. The results showed that the reasonable use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could improve the main economic characters such as plant height, technical length, stem diameter, grains per capsule and thousand kernel weight of fiber flax, significantly increased straw yield and seed yield. The positive effect of nitrogen on straw yield and seed yield was the largest, followed by that of phosphate, while that of potash was the minimum. Based on the analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rates and the ternary quadratic model of straw yield, the best yield of winter sowing fiber flax was 7605 kg/hm2 in Menghai County, and the best corresponding fertilizer amount was pure nitrogen 272.86 kg/hm2, phosphorus pentoxide 77.48 kg/hm2, and potassium oxide 128.67 kg/hm2, with the balanced nutrient ratio of 1.00: 0.28: 0.47.

  Non-point Source Pollution Control of Cotton Production in Xinjiang: Theoretical Model Analysis 2018, 34 (23):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080074 Abstract + ( 581 )   The paper aims to solve increasingly severe agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) problems in Xinjiang to promote its new rural construction and agricultural sustainable development, the paper firstly introduced Xinjiang cotton cultivation region’s general situation, so as to have an acquaintance about cotton production status in Xinjiang, and then through analysis on current situations and problems of non-point source pollution of cotton production in Xinjiang economy and society development process, conducted an analysis on every theoretical models for Xinjiang ANSP control to find out the best control model for Xinjiang, and lastly proposed relevant strategies and suggestions for ANSP control.

  Bacillus methylotrophicus strain NKG-1: Growth Promotion and Disease Control Effect on Tomato Powdery Mildew 2018, 34 (23):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080106 Abstract + ( 608 )   The paper aims to explore the growth promotion and disease control effects of Bacillus subtilis strain NKG-1 on tomato powdery mildew. The effects of NKG-1 fermentation broth with different microbial density on growth promoting by irrigation were studied. And the preventive and treatment effects of NKG-1 on tomato powdery mildew by spray were analyzed. Potted tomatoe test showed that: the most effective microbial density was between 1×107cfu/mL to 1×109cfu/mL, under which the seedling fresh weight increased by 35.62% and the root length increased by 55.01% compared with the control. The greenhouse growth promotion test showed that: the number of fruit set was 28.57% higher than that of the control, and the crown width increased by 16.72%. Furthermore, the greenhouse disease control test showed that: the preventive effect of sprayed NKG- 1 fermentation broth to tomatoes before powdery mildew onset was 87.55%, the treatment effect on tomato after powdery mildew onset was 47.74%. These results indicate that NKG- 1 has a significant effect on growth promotion and disease control of tomatoes, and the preventive effect of powdery mildew is better than that of treatment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of NKG-1 to tomatoes.

  Strain Shigella flexneri FB5 response fomesafen proteomics analysis 2018, 34 (23):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040025 Abstract + ( 659 )   To clarify the proteomics mechanism of fomesafen degrading bacteria. Focusing on the highly efficient degrading bacterium Shigella flexneri FB5 screened and obtained in lab, and based on the efficient degradation of fomesafen in this strain, protein extraction and two-dimensional electrophoresis were carried out. 13 paraproteins appeared among the strain induced by fomesafen were found, and they were identified by mass spectrometry. The function was gained by bioinformatics alignment, and PCR amplification and sequencing were conducted on the target protein genes. The results showed that the two related genes of strain induced by fomesafen were obtained. After sequencing, it was found that the homology between the gene F3 sequence and the dps gene of E.coli- binding protein was 100% . The similarity of gene F6 sequence, salmonella enteric subtype serotype S1635 outer membrane protein gene and E.coli SYW004 external membrane protein gene A was 87%, at the same time the function of these gene-families was analyzed, the physicochemical properties were speculated.

  Regulation Mechanism of Exogenous Substances on Cu Poison in Plant 2018, 34 (23):  117-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110032 Abstract + ( 541 )   Excessive Cu can lead to different degrees of influence on plant growth, enzyme system balance, cell submicroscopic structure, protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism and so on, eventually affect human health and ecosystem balance. Studies show that the exogenous substances can regulate the toxic effects of excessive copper on plants. This paper summarizes and analyzes the regulation mechanism of exogenous silicon (Si), brassinolide (BR), nitric oxide (NO) and other substances on excessive Cu toxicity. However, current researches on the mechanism of ion carrier, proteome, genome, the applicability of exogenous substances to plants and the influence of external conditions, are deficient. Future research can be carried out on these aspects to improve the systematic research of Cu poison in plant.

  Effect of Mutagenesis on Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthesis of Alfalfa 2018, 34 (23):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070100 Abstract + ( 502 )   The research took‘Gongnong 1’,‘Wega7F’,‘WL319HQ’,‘Aohan’as the material and tested the effects of treatments 60Coγ- ray irradiation, ultraviolet, EMS and magnetic field- free space on chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, aiming to screen the optimal induction mutation method and breed new alfalfa varieties for alpine region. The treatments were set as 60Coγ-ray irradiation (150, 300, 450 Gy), ultraviolet (30, 60, 90 min), EMS [0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% (v /v )] and magnetic field-free space (180 d). Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaf were determined. The results showed that: chlorophyll a of‘Gongnong 1’induced by 450 Gy60Coγ-ray, 30 minutes ultraviolet and 0.4 (v /v ) EMS was higher than that of CK (3.17 mg/g), but other treatments showed a reverse trend. The chlorophyll b of‘Wega7F’induced by irradiation 60 minutes was the highest (P <0.05). Value of chlorophyll a/b of‘Gongnong 1’induced by 450 Gy60Coγ-ray was higher than that of other alfalfa varieties. The net photosynthetic rate of‘Wega7F’induced by irradiation 60 minutes>‘Aohan’ induced by magnetic field-free space >‘WL319HQ’induced by 0.4% (v /v ) EMS >‘Gongnong 1’induced by 0.4% EMS (v /v ). 150 Gy60Coγ- ray irradiation, 60 min ultraviolet and 0.4% EMS were positive mutagenic treatments that were conducive to screening mutants.

  Dung Treatment and Recycling Mode in Large-scale Dairy Farm 2018, 34 (23):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080079 Abstract + ( 582 )   To study the feasible mode of dairy waste treatment and utilization in large-scale dairy farms, a comparative analysis between the recycling mode applied in Datong Sifang Hi-tech farming-grazing Co., Ltd and the conventional mode was carried based on water saving, environmental pollution, labor input and operation capital. The results showed that compared with the conventional mode, the recycling mode applied by Datong Sifang Hi-tech farming-grazing Co., Ltd could treat 47500 t dairy dung, 27000 t urine, 9100 t sewage per year; through the cyclic utilization of sewage, 26300 t water could be saved every year and the cost was cut by 3.027 million RMB. Therefore, after the solid-liquid separation of dung in large-scale dairy farm, urine and sewage could be cyclic utilized, and after fermentation, sterilization and desiccation, the dung could be used to padding cattle yard. The mode is very significant in saving water, reducing environmental pollution, lowering labor and energy consumption, minimizing the operation costs and improving the utilization efficiency of dairy waste.

  Detoxification Effect on Acidolysis Solution of Spent Mushroom Substrate 2018, 34 (23):  134-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070121 Abstract + ( 624 )   In order to analyze the detoxification effect of the spent mushroom substrate acidrolysis solution, in this paper the concentrations of the reducing sugar, the sulfuric acid root ion, the acetic acid and the furfural before and after detoxification were measured. The results showed that the reducing sugar concentration is reduced to 3.82 g/L from 6.22 g/L; Sulfuric acid root concentration is reduced to 18.90 g/L from 1.91 g/L, most sulfuric acid root ion has been removed; Acetic acid concentration are 2.13 g/L and 1.97 g/L, reduce is not obvious; Furfural concentration are 0.734 g/L and 0.124 g/L, furfural concentration was reduced by 412.52%; It obtained 0% of alcohol using not detoxified acidrolysis solution , 0.58% (w/v) of alcohol using detoxified; The detoxification effect is good obvious. The conclusion for alcoholic production study using spent mushroom substrate provides a theoretical basis.

  Identification, Screening and Selenium-enrichment Comparison of Three Kinds of Lactobacillus 林晓波,张静 and 李文芬 2018, 34 (23):  141-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110119 Abstract + ( 513 )   To screen Lactobacillus with strong ability of selenium resistance and selenium enrichment, the selenium resistance of Streptococius thermopiles, Lactobacillus bulgaria, and Lactobacillus acidophilus is compared, and the selenium-enriched study is conducted on the strain with the strongest selenium resistance. The separation and purification, combined with glycolytic and Gram staining, was used to identify the strains, and then the strains were domesticated (the media should form the concentration differences). The 3,3''-aminobenzidine colorimetry was used to determine the selenium conversion. The results showed that the order of selenium tolerance was Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococius thermopiles and Lactobacillus bulgaria. When the selenium content was 17 μg/mL, the strains were cultivated for 9 h under 37℃, the selenium enrichment rate of Lactobacillus acidophilus reached 65.4%. Lactobacillus acidophilus colonies were generally found to be relatively small, irregularly rounded, milky white, smooth and shiny on selenium-containing media

  Research and Design of Farmland Soil Environmental Monitoring System Based on Agricultural IOT 2018, 34 (23):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080095 Abstract + ( 1239 )   The internet of things (IOT) of agriculture uses a variety of instruments and sensors to realize agricultural automation. The authors developed a field environmental monitoring system based on IOT technology, which included the technical route, system design and application development. Through the combination of WSN and 4G, the system could realize the automate collection and storage of soil environmental information, such as temperature, humidity, salinity, pH value and so on.

  Rape Growing Area Identification Based on Layering Unsupervised Classification 2018, 34 (23):  151-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030142 Abstract + ( 589 )   [Objective]As one of the major oil crops, oilseed rape has an important position in the national economy. The fragmentation of rape planting in our country significantly increased the difficulty of monitoring its growing area, as the regular ground survey takes much time and energy with low representation.Remote sensing, with the features of covering large areas and revisiting in a high frequency, has become the most ideal method for monitoring rape growing area. The common remote sensing monitoring methods including visual interpretation and supervised classification are comparatively more influenced by the subjectivity of the monitors, due to the high degree of human-computer interaction.Aiming at the above problems; this article proposes a new monitoring method on the basis of unsupervised classification after layering. [Method]The GF images of the year 2013 in Jiang County have been adopted for application and precision evaluation by equidistance layering and natural layering. [Result]The result shows that the unsupervised classification after layering is higher in the overall precision than the direct unsupervised classification. The overall precisions on the basis of equidistance layering and natural layering increased from 79.16% to 84.44% and 85.17% respectively. The user precision in the direct unsupervised classification is only 72.97%. After equidistance layering and natural layering, the precision rate have been raised up to 81.05% and 86.12% respectively, leading to a great reduction of misjudging the non-rape area as the rape area. The overall precisions of equidistance layering and natural layering are 84.44% and 85.17%, with the Kappa coefficient to be 0.69 and 0.70. There is no significant difference in the precision between two layering methods. But the natural layering has a comparatively higher degree of user precision, mapping precision and overall precision with higher reliability. [Conclusion] The new methods proposed in this article has little manual intervention and high precision, which has a large potential to be applied in area monitoring on the basis of mass images.

  Combinative Practice of Sustainable Protection of World Cultural Heritage and Targeted Poverty Alleviation:A Case Study of“Rice-fish Culture”Mode in Hani Terraced Fields of Honghe, Yunnan 2018, 34 (23):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080039 Abstract + ( 576 )   The paper aims to promote the sustainable protection of world cultural heritage and to find effective ways to carry out targeted porverty alleviation. The authors evaluated and analyzed the“Rice-fish Culture” mode in Hani terraced fields of Honghe, Yunnan Province. The results indicated that: the“Rice-fish Culture” mode could make an organic combination of the sustainable protection of world cultural heritag and the targeted poverty alleviation; this concept was well followed in variety selection, expert guidance, breeding promotion, and platform construction; therefore, the mode brought good ecological, economic, and social benefits, promoted local ecological protection and poverty alleviation of ethnic minority people in Honghe, Yunnan. In conclution,“Rice- fish Culture”mode has certain significance for protecting world cultural heritage and targeted porverty alleviation.